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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2014The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and penetration of moxifloxacin (MXF) in patients with various types of pleural effusion. Twelve patients with... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and penetration of moxifloxacin (MXF) in patients with various types of pleural effusion. Twelve patients with empyema/parapneumonic effusion (PPE) and 12 patients with malignant pleural effusion were enrolled in the study. A single-dose pharmacokinetic study was performed after intravenous administration of 400 mg MXF. Serial plasma (PL) and pleural fluid (PF) samples were collected during a 24-h time interval after drug administration. The MXF concentration in PL and PF was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and main pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. Penetration of MXF in PF was determined by the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 h (AUC24) in PF (AUC24PF) to the AUC24 in PL. No statistically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics in PL were observed between the two groups, despite the large interindividual variability in the volume of distribution, clearance, and elimination half-life. The maximum concentration in PF (CmaxPF) in patients with empyema/PPE was 2.23±1.31 mg/liter, and it was detected 7.50±2.39 h after the initiation of the infusion. In patients with malignant effusion, CmaxPF was 2.96±1.45 mg/liter, but it was observed significantly earlier, at 3.58±1.38 h (P<0.001). Both groups revealed similar values of AUC24PF (31.83±23.52 versus 32.81±12.66 mg·h/liter). Penetration of MXF into PF was similarly good in both patient groups (1.11±0.74 versus 1.17±0.39). Despite similar plasma pharmacokinetics, patients with empyema/parapneumonic effusion showed a significant delay in achievement of PF maximum MXF levels compared to those with malignant effusion. However, in both groups, the degree of MXF PF penetration and the on-site drug exposure, expressed by AUC24PF, did not differ according to the type of pleural effusion.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Fluids; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Moxifloxacin; Pleural Cavity; Pleural Effusion; Young Adult
PubMed: 24323477
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02291-13 -
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Jul 2015Malignant mesothelioma is a rare malignant neoplasm that arises from mesothelial surfaces of the pleural cavity, peritoneal cavity, tunica vaginalis, or pericardium....
Malignant mesothelioma is a rare malignant neoplasm that arises from mesothelial surfaces of the pleural cavity, peritoneal cavity, tunica vaginalis, or pericardium. Typically, pleural fluid cytology or closed pleural biopsy, surgical intervention (video thoracoscopic biopsy or open thoracotomy) is conducted to obtain pleural tissue specimens. However, endobronchial lesions are rarely seen and cases diagnosed from bronchoscopic biopsy are also rarely reported. We reported the case of a 77-year-old male who was diagnosed as malignant mesothelioma on bronchoscopic biopsy from obstructing masses of the endobronchial lesion.
PubMed: 26175790
DOI: 10.4046/trd.2015.78.3.297 -
Minerva Anestesiologica May 2009Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) continue to challenge clinicians who care for the critically ill. Current research... (Review)
Review
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) continue to challenge clinicians who care for the critically ill. Current research in ARDS has focused on ventilator strategies to improve the outcome for these patients. In this review, we emphasize the limitations of managing ventilators based on airway pressures alone. Specifically, basic pulmonary mechanics including chest wall compliance and transpulmonary pressure are reviewed. This review suggests that perturbations in chest wall compliance and transpulmonary pressure may explain the lack of efficacy observed in recent clinical trials of ventilator management. We present a method for estimating pleural and transpulmonary pressures from esophageal manometry. Quantifying these variables and individualizing ventilator management based on individual patient physiology may be useful to intensive care clinicians who treat patients with ARDS.
Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Compliance; Critical Care; Esophagus; Humans; Lung Compliance; Manometry; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Pleural Cavity; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Pressure; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Thoracic Wall
PubMed: 19412147
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Thoracic Medicine 2019The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy of medical thoracoscopy in diagnosing of tuberculous pleurisy and characterize tuberculous pleurisy...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy of medical thoracoscopy in diagnosing of tuberculous pleurisy and characterize tuberculous pleurisy with medical thoracoscopy.
METHODS
A total of 575 patients with tuberculous pleurisy who underwent medical thoracoscopy were included in the study. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, and routine and biochemical tests on pleural fluid, cultures of pleural fluid, sputum, and pleural biopsy for the detection of and pathological findings were evaluated.
RESULTS
Sputum, pleural fluid, and pleural biopsy cultures were positive for in 12.5%, 19.2%, and 41.9% of patients, respectively. Furthermore, there were significant differences in total positive tuberculosis (TB) tests in the pleural cavity according to patient's age (<18 years old, 50.0%; 18-34 years old, 50.2%; 35-59 years old, 34.8%; >60 years old, 18.6%; and all groups vs. >60 years old, < 0.001). Patients with 18-34 years old were more likely to have granuloma in pleural biopsy specimens when compared to patients >60 years old (77.0% vs. 37.9%). The percentage of patients with high adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels in pleural fluid (>40 U/L), who were <18, 18-34, 35-59, and > 60 years old, was 83.3% (15/18), 72.8% (193/265), 51.2% (88/172), and 34.7% (17/49), respectively (all groups vs. >60 years old, < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Medical thoracoscopy is effective for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy. Younger patients with tuberculous pleurisy have a higher number of positive TB tests in the pleural cavity, are more likely to have granuloma in pleural biopsy specimens, and have higher ADA levels in the pleural fluid.
PubMed: 31007765
DOI: 10.4103/atm.ATM_359_18 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) is widely used and has been accepted for the treatment of unresectable tumors. The leading technique that is used is percutaneous...
Radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) is widely used and has been accepted for the treatment of unresectable tumors. The leading technique that is used is percutaneous RFA under CT or US guidance. Multicenter surveys report acceptable morbidity and mortality rates for RFA. The mortality rate ranges from 0.1% to 0.5%, the major complication rate ranges from 2% to 3%. Diaphragmatic injury is a rare complication and it is described after RFA of subdiaphragmatic tumors. Most of them are without clinical importance. There are some case reports about diaphragmatic herniation of the intestine into the pleural cavity. We present a case of diaphragmatic perforation resulting in the herniation of the liver into the pleural cavity. A thoracotomy was performed, the liver was lowered back into the peritoneal cavity and the perforation was closed with mesh.
PubMed: 38201334
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010026 -
Cureus Mar 2024Biliothorax is the presence of bile in the pleural cavity. This condition is rare, and it usually results as a complication of hepatobiliary procedures. The authors...
Biliothorax is the presence of bile in the pleural cavity. This condition is rare, and it usually results as a complication of hepatobiliary procedures. The authors present a case of an 87-year-old female who was admitted to the emergency department with the acute onset of severe dyspnea. A chest X-ray and CT revealed a large right-lung pleural effusion that, after thoracentesis, confirmed the presence of biliothorax. It is important to consider this entity when confronted with an effusion liquid of a dark greenish color, as a delay in diagnosis and management may be life-threatening.
PubMed: 38590492
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55838 -
The British Journal of Radiology Jan 2022To evaluate the effect of the position of microcoil proximal end on the incidence of microcoil dislocation during CT-guided microcoil localization of pulmonary nodules...
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effect of the position of microcoil proximal end on the incidence of microcoil dislocation during CT-guided microcoil localization of pulmonary nodules (PNs).
METHODS
This retrospective study included all patients with PNs who received CT-guided microcoil localization before video-assisted thoracoscopic urgery (VATS) resection from June 2016 to December 2019 in our institution. The microcoil distal end was less than 1 cm away from the nodule, and the microcoil proximal end was in the pleural cavity (the pleural cavity group) or chest wall (the chest wall group). The length of microcoil outside the pleura was measured and divided into less than 0.5 cm (group A), 0.5 to 2 cm (group B) and more than 2 cm (group C). Microcoil dislocation was defined as complete retraction into the lung (type I) or complete withdrawal from the lung (type II). The rate of microcoil dislocation between different groups was compared.
RESULTS
A total of 519 consecutive patients with 571 PNs were included in this study. According to the position of microcoils proximal end on post-marking CT, there were 95 microcoils in the pleural cavity group and 476 in the chest wall group. The number of microcoils in group A, B, and C were 67, 448 and 56, respectively. VATS showed dislocation of 42 microcoils, of which 30 were type II and 12 were type I. There was no statistical difference in the rate of microcoil dislocation between the pleural cavity group and the chest wall group (6.3% vs 7.6%, x = 0.18, = 0.433). The difference in the rate of microcoil dislocation among group A, B, and C was statistically significant (11.9%, 5.8%, and 14.3% for group A, B, and C, respectively, x = 7.60, = 0.008). In group A, 75% (6/8) of dislocations were type I, while all eight dislocations were type II in group C.
CONCLUSIONS
During CT-guided microcoil localization of PNs, placing the microcoil proximal end in the pleura cavity or chest wall had no significant effect on the incidence of microcoil dislocation. The length of microcoil outside the pleura should be 0.5 to 2 cm to reduce the rate of microcoil dislocation.
ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE:
CT-guided microcoil localization can effectively guide VATS to resect invisible and impalpable PNs. Microcoil dislocation is the main cause of localization failure. The length of microcoil outside the pleura is significantly correlated with the rate and type of microcoil dislocation. Placing the microcoil proximal end in the pleura cavity or chest wall has no significant effect on the rate of microcoil dislocation.
Topics: Aged; Female; Fiducial Markers; Foreign-Body Migration; Humans; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules; Pleural Cavity; Radiography, Interventional; Retrospective Studies; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; Thoracic Wall; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34672681
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200381 -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Jan 2010To explore mechanisms of restrictive respiratory physiology and high pleural pressure (P(Pl)) in severe obesity, we studied 51 obese subjects (body mass index = 38-80.7...
To explore mechanisms of restrictive respiratory physiology and high pleural pressure (P(Pl)) in severe obesity, we studied 51 obese subjects (body mass index = 38-80.7 kg/m(2)) and 10 nonobese subjects, both groups without lung disease, anesthetized, and paralyzed for surgery. We measured esophageal and gastric pressures (P(Es), P(Ga)) using a balloon-catheter, airway pressure (P(AO)), flow, and volume. We compared P(Es) to another estimate of P(Pl) based on P(AO) and flow. Reasoning that the lungs would not inflate until P(AO) exceeded alveolar and pleural pressures (P(AO) > P(Alv) > P(Pl)), we disconnected subjects from the ventilator for 10-15 s to allow them to reach relaxation volume (V(Rel)) and then slowly raised P(AO) until lung volume increased by 10 ml, indicating the "threshold P(AO)" (P(AO-Thr)) for inflation, which we took to be an estimate of the lowest P(Alv) or P(Pl) to be found in the chest at V(Rel). P(AO-Thr) ranged from 0.6 to 14.0 cmH2O in obese and 0.2 to 0.9 cmH2O in control subjects. P(Es) at V(Rel) was higher in obese than control subjects (12.5 +/- 3.9 vs. 6.9 +/- 3.1 cmH2O, means +/- SD; P = 0.0002) and correlated with P(AO-Thr) (R(2) = 0.16, P = 0.0015). Respiratory system compliance (C(RS)) was lower in obese than control (0.032 +/- 0.008 vs. 0.053 +/- 0.007 l/cmH2O) due principally to lower lung compliance (0.043 +/- 0.016 vs. 0.084 +/- 0.029 l/cmH2O) rather than chest wall compliance (obese 0.195 +/- 0.109, control 0.223 +/- 0.132 l/cmH2O). We conclude that many severely obese supine subjects at relaxation volume have positive P(pl) throughout the chest. High P(Es) suggests high P(Pl) in such individuals. Lung and respiratory system compliances are low because of breathing at abnormally low lung volumes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Esophagus; Female; Humans; Lung; Lung Compliance; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity, Morbid; Pleural Cavity; Pressure; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Respiratory Mechanics; Young Adult
PubMed: 19910329
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91356.2008 -
Journal of Thoracic Disease May 2015Glomus tumors, an uncommon hypervascular tumor, arise from modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body that plays a significant role in the regulation of skin...
Glomus tumors, an uncommon hypervascular tumor, arise from modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body that plays a significant role in the regulation of skin circulation. The tumors are usually located in the extremities, typically in the subungual region of the fingers. Primary glomus tumors of the chest are extremely rare, and to our knowledge, there are no cases have been described in thoracic cavity to date. We here report a case of intrathoracic glomus tumor in a 31-year-old man who presented with a persistent chest pain. Chest computed tomography scans demonstrated an irregularly shaped mass in the left thorax. Left thoracotomy was performed under the suspicious diagnosis of unexplained thorax tumor, and a tumor located in the left upper portion of thorax was founded. Complete resection of tumor along with the partial structure of chest wall was performed. Postoperative diagnosis was malignant glomus tumor.
PubMed: 26101658
DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.04.50 -
Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) 2019Surgical techniques remain the gold standard to diagnose and staging lung and pleural tumours. Non-invasive techniques have become more accurate but actually they are...
Surgical techniques remain the gold standard to diagnose and staging lung and pleural tumours. Non-invasive techniques have become more accurate but actually they are not enough to plan and evaluating prognosis of lung and pleural tumours. In some cases, we need to explore the pleural cavity and the mediastinal lymph node status to confirm or rule out tumour dissemination. The combination of video-assisted mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy (VAMLA) and thoracoscopy through a single transcervical incision allows the surgeon to widen the range of the exploration and to improve the staging for lung and pleural cancers. VAMLA allows to perform a complete lymphadenectomy of the subcarinal space, the right and pretracheal areas. We consider sampling more safety on the left side to avoid left recurrent nerve injuries. Once this mediastinal tissue is removed, the right mediastinal pleura can be identified and incised. Once mediastinal pleura is opened, a 5 mm 30º thoracoscope is inserted through the video- mediastinoscope into the pleural cavity. It allows to obtain samples of parietal or visceral pleural, pleural fluid or lung nodules if present. In case of left-sided thoracoscopy the access to the left pleural cavity is anterior to the aortic arch as for extended cervical mediastinoscopy. The combination of VAMLA and thoracoscopy is useful to explore the mediastinum and the pleural space from a single incision and in the same surgical setting through the transcervical approach.
PubMed: 35118249
DOI: 10.21037/med.2019.05.02