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Internal and Emergency Medicine Dec 2013Metabolic syndrome and its various features (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) are increasing worldwide and constitute... (Review)
Review
Metabolic syndrome and its various features (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) are increasing worldwide and constitute a severe risk for the sustainability of the present universal Italian health care system. Lifestyle interventions should be the first therapeutic strategy to prevent/treat metabolic diseases, far before pharmacologic treatment. The role of diet and weight loss has been fully ascertained, whereas the role of physical activity is frequently overlooked both by physicians and by patients. Physical activity has favorable effects on all components of the metabolic syndrome and on the resulting cardiovascular risk, the cornerstone in the development of cardiometabolic diseases. The quantity and the frequency of physical activity necessary to produce beneficial effects has not been defined as yet, but brisk walking is considered particularly appropriate, as it can be practiced by a large number of individuals, without any additional cost, and has a low rate of injury. The effects of exercise and leisure time physical activity extend from prevention to treatment of the various components of the metabolic syndrome, as well as to mood and quality of life. Any effort should be done to favor adherence to protocols of physical activity in the community.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Dyslipidemias; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Hypertension; Metabolic Syndrome; Motor Activity; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Prediabetic State; Prehypertension
PubMed: 23657989
DOI: 10.1007/s11739-013-0953-7 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2024This study aims to compare HRV variables across three cohorts: normotensive (NT), prehypertensive (pre-HT), and hypertensive (HT) and to assess the relationship between... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to compare HRV variables across three cohorts: normotensive (NT), prehypertensive (pre-HT), and hypertensive (HT) and to assess the relationship between the blood pressure (BP) and HRV parameters.
METHODS
Employing a cross-sectional design, 64 older participants were categorized based on the Joint National Committee's criteria into NT ( = 10), pre-HT ( = 33), and HT ( = 21) groups. Anthropometric data, lipid profiles, and HRV indices were evaluated. HRV data were obtained from the Polar V800 chest strap device using HRV Kubios software for data analysis of short-term recordings lasting 10 minutes. This analysis encompasses both time and frequency domain assessments. The time domain includes the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), the root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD), and the percentage of successive RR intervals differing by over 50 ms (pNN50). The frequency domain includes low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and the ratio of LF-to-HF power (LF/HF). Data were statistically analyzed via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation.
RESULTS
The HT group exhibited significantly lower values in SDNN, pNN50, LF power, and HF power in comparison to the NT group ( < 0.05). Moreover, the HT group had a significantly lower SDNN value compared to the pre-HT group ( < 0.05). Inverse associations were uncovered between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and SDNN, pNN50, and HF power ( < 0.05). Multiple regression further highlighted the significance of systolic and pulse pressure concerning HF power ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
HRV indices are reduced in Thai older adults with HT compared with those with NT. Monitoring HRV in older adults can provide valuable insights into autonomic function and cardiovascular disease risk.
Topics: Humans; Hypertension; Male; Heart Rate; Female; Aged; Thailand; Blood Pressure; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prehypertension; Southeast Asian People
PubMed: 38808160
DOI: 10.1155/2024/9631390 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022Hypertension has been the most common non-communicable disease in low and middle-income countries for the past two decades, increasing cardiovascular and renal disease...
Hypertension has been the most common non-communicable disease in low and middle-income countries for the past two decades, increasing cardiovascular and renal disease risk. Urbanization, aging, dietary and lifestyle changes, high illiteracy rates, poor access to health facilities, poverty, high costs of drugs, and social stress have contributed to an increase in the prevalence of hypertension in developing countries. Nonetheless, little is known about the comprehensive risk factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension among economically active adult populations of South Asia, such as India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. This paper uses the Demographic and Health Survey data of 637,396 individuals from India (2019-21), 8,924 from Nepal (2016), and 8,613 from Bangladesh (2017-18) to examine the prevalence and driver of prehypertension and hypertension. We analyze the prevalence of prehypertension because it leads to hypertension and is directly related to cardiovascular disease, and many people live with it for prolonged periods without realizing it. The paper finds, among other things, that the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among adults (18-49 years) is 43.2 and 14.9% in India, 35.1% and 19.8% in Bangladesh, and 25.2% and 13.8% in Nepal, respectively. Better educated, wealthy individuals living in urban areas of developing economies in the South Asian region are more likely to have prehypertension and hypertension. The paper suggests the urgent need to launch preventive programs to reduce prehypertension before it develops to be hypertension as a precautionary measure. Thus, such measures shall help to prevent hypertension, thereby improving the overall wellbeing of individuals and families.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Prehypertension; Asia, Southern; Prevalence; Logistic Models; Hypertension
PubMed: 36777775
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1006457 -
Central European Journal of Public... Mar 2015Hypertension is one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), yet not much effort is being invested in early diagnosis and control of the...
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), yet not much effort is being invested in early diagnosis and control of the condition in susceptible children. The aim of this study was to,investigate the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in peri-urban school-attending adolescents and explore the relationship between blood pressure and selected anthropometric measurements.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study of adolescents aged 13-17 years was performed. Data on height, weight, waist and hip circumferences as well as blood pressure were collected from all participants. Body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure percentiles were calculated. Results: The overall prevalence of obesity was 20.4% while the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 21.2% and 12.3%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension in males was 22.0% and 13.6% compared to 20.9% and 16.5% in females, respectively. Both conditions were associated with higher BMI in both girls and boys. While mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was positively associated with higher BMI and waist circumference (WC) in males and females, it correlated negatively with hip circumference (HC) in males. On the other hand, mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) correlated better with HC in males but only weakly in females.
CONCLUSION
Adolescent learners in Mthatha had a high prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension which were associated with overweight and obesity. Results highlight the urgent need for screening in view of early detection and implementation of intervention strategies to prevent a high incidence of CVDs in this country.
Topics: Adolescent; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Prehypertension; Prevalence; South Africa
PubMed: 26036100
DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3922 -
HIV Medicine May 2021Hypertension is a growing health concern in people living with HIV (PLWH). However, association between HIV infection and hypertension is equivocal.
OBJECTIVES
Hypertension is a growing health concern in people living with HIV (PLWH). However, association between HIV infection and hypertension is equivocal.
METHODS
In all, 1472 PLWH and 2944 HIV-negative individuals frequency-matched by age and sex were derived from the baseline survey of Comparative HIV and Aging Research in Taizhou (CHART), China. Prehypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) of 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of 80-89 mmHg.
RESULTS
Despite the fact that prevalence of hypertension was overall lower among PLWH than among HIV-negative people (21.1% vs. 29.1%, P < 0.001), it was similar at ages 18-29 (7.6% vs. 8.5%) and 30-44 years (17.1% vs. 18.5%) but significantly lower in PLWH at ages 45-59 (26.1% vs. 40.7%) and 60-75 years (37.1% vs. 57.3%). Prehypertension prevalence was consistently higher in PLWH across all age groups. In the model adjusting for traditional risk factors, HIV infection was associated with hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.55) and prehypertension (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.51-2.08), and attenuated after additional adjustment for abdominal obesity. Age-stratified analysis showed that these associations of HIV with hypertension were observed at ages 18-29 and 30-44 years and associations with prehypertension were observed at ages 18-29, 30-44 and 45-59 years only. Years since HIV diagnosis and stavudine use were the HIV-specific factors independently associated with hypertension or/and prehypertension.
CONCLUSIONS
HIV infection is independently associated with prehypertension and hypertension especially at younger ages, and this risk may increase as treatment becomes prolonged. Our findings reinforce the urgent necessity for active BP screening and control strategies be adopted for PLWH in China.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; China; HIV Infections; Humans; Hypertension; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 33421323
DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13040 -
Journal of the American College of... Dec 2012
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Prehypertension
PubMed: 23194950
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.07.061 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Our study aimed to investigate the association between the novel non-insulin-based metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) index and pre-hypertension (HTN) or...
AIM
Our study aimed to investigate the association between the novel non-insulin-based metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) index and pre-hypertension (HTN) or HTN in normoglycemia Japanese participants.
METHODS
The NAGALA medical examination program at Murakami Memorial Hospital in Gifu, Japan was found in 1994. 15,453 participants enrolled in this program from 2004 to 2015 was included in this retrospective study to explore the association between the METS-IR index and pre-HTN or HTN. Covariates included serum biomarkers and clinicodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression was applied to explore the association between METS-IR level and pre-HTN or HTN.
RESULTS
This study includes a total of 15453 participants. The prevalence rates of pre-HTN and HTN were 28.55% (4412/15453) and 6.23% (962/15453), respectively. Adjusted for confounding factors in the multivariable logistic regression analysis models, when METS-IR was used as a categorical variable, high METS-IR was significantly associated with both pre-HTN (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.61-2.36) and HTN (adjusted OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.44-3.11). When METS-IR was used as a continuous variable, each 1 unit increase in METS-IR was associated with a 7% increase in the prevalence of pre-HTN (adjusted OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.06-1.08) and with a 13% increase in the prevalence of HTN (adjusted OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.10-1.16). Stratified analyses indicated a positive correlation between METS-IR and pre-HTN or HTN in normoglycemia subjects with different characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS
METS-IR levels are significantly associated with pre-HTN or HTN in normoglycemia individuals in Gifu, Japan. METS-IR may be used as a monitoring indicator for the development of HTN primary prevention and management strategies in the future, but it still needs more research to confirm.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Insulin Resistance; Japan; Metabolic Syndrome; Prehypertension; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35370984
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.851338 -
BMJ Open May 2023Around 40% of adults have pre-hypertension (blood pressure between 120-139/80-89), meaning they are at increased risk of developing hypertension and other cardiovascular...
INTRODUCTION
Around 40% of adults have pre-hypertension (blood pressure between 120-139/80-89), meaning they are at increased risk of developing hypertension and other cardiovascular disease-related conditions. There are limited studies on the management of pre-hypertension; however, guidance recommends that it should be focused on lifestyle modification rather than on medication. Self-monitoring of blood pressure could allow people to monitor and manage their risk status and may allow individuals to modify lifestyle factors. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility and acceptability, to both healthcare professionals and people with pre-hypertension, of blood pressure self-monitoring.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
A prospective, non-randomised feasibility study, with a mixed-methods approach will be employed. Eligible participants (n=114) will be recruited from general practices, pharmacies and community providers across Lancashire and South Cumbria. Participants will self-monitor their blood pressure at home for 6 months and will complete questionnaires at three timepoints (baseline, 6 and 12 months). Healthcare professionals and participants involved in the study will be invited to take part in follow-up interviews and a focus group. The primary outcomes include the willingness to engage with the concept of pre-hypertension, the acceptability of self-monitoring, and the study processes. Secondary outcomes will inform the design of a potential future trial. A cost-analysis and cost-benefit analysis will be conducted.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
Ethics approval has been obtained from London-Fulham NHS Research Ethics Committee, the University of Central Lancashire Health Ethics Review Panel and the HRA. The results of the study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, feedback to service users and healthcare professionals, and to professional bodies in primary care and pharmacy.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ISRCTN13649483.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Blood Pressure; Feasibility Studies; Prehypertension; Prospective Studies; Risk Reduction Behavior
PubMed: 37258072
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072225 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a medical disaster for both the victim and the society. Despite intrinsic limitations in the management of SCA, primary prevention has...
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a medical disaster for both the victim and the society. Despite intrinsic limitations in the management of SCA, primary prevention has been overlooked and risk factors for SCA are not fully understood. We aimed to evaluate whether hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM), including pre-hypertension and impaired fasting glucose (IFG), are associated with increased risk of SCA. We performed a nationwide population-based analysis using the Korean National Health Insurance Service. People who underwent a national health check-up in 2009 were enrolled. The risk of SCA was evaluated in people with hypertension and DM with a clinical follow-up through December 2018. A total of 4,056,423 people with 33,345,378 person-years of follow-up and 16,352 SCA events were examined. People with hypertension had 65.4% increased risk of SCA (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.654 [1.572-1.739]; p < 0.001). Pre-hypertension was also associated with 21.3% increased risk of SCA (adjusted HR = 1.213 [1.158-1.272]; p < 0.001). People who had IFG and DM showed 7.5% (adjusted HR = 1.075 [1.035-1.117]; p < 0.001) and 80.1% (adjusted HR = 1.801 [1.731-1.875]; p < 0.001) increased risk of SCA, respectively. People with DM who took anti-diabetic medication showed significantly lower risk of SCA compared with uncontrolled DM patients (fasting glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL) (adjusted HR = 0.625 [0.533-0.733]; p < 0.001). Coexistence of hypertension and DM was associated with an even higher risk of SCA (adjusted HR = 3.078 [2.877-3.293]; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the risk of SCA is significantly higher in people with hypertension and DM, including pre-hypertension and IFG. Adequate control of blood pressure and serum glucose can have a profound impact for the primary prevention of SCA in the general population.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypertension; Prediabetic State; Prehypertension; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35854061
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16543-2 -
Kidney & Blood Pressure Research 2012Little is known about the prevalence and cardiovascular risk factors for prehypertension and hypertension in the She ethnic minority population of Fujian province in...
BACKGROUND
Little is known about the prevalence and cardiovascular risk factors for prehypertension and hypertension in the She ethnic minority population of Fujian province in China.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Between April 2009 and September 2009, 5,523 participants of She nationality aged between 20 and 80 years participated in this survey and 5,357 were eventually enrolled in analyses. The survey was carried out to assess blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors. The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 35.87 and 38.42%, respectively, in all participants. Only 26.63% of the subjects with hypertension were aware of their diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age, gender, overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia and alcohol use were risk factors for prehypertension, and age, overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia, alcohol use, family history of hypertension and hyperuricemia were risk factors for hypertension. The clustering of 2 and ≥ 3 risk factors was in higher proportion for subjects with hypertension and prehypertension when compared with those with prehypertension and normotension, respectively. After adjusting for other confounding factors, multivariable logistic regression showed that the greater the number of clustering cardiovascular risk factors, the greater the odds ratios for prehypertension and hypertension are.
CONCLUSION
Hypertension and prehypertension were common in the She population of Fujian province. Cardiovascular risk factors cluster during prehypertension and awareness of hypertension was minimal. Early lifestyle modifications could be advocated to prevent the transition from prehypertension to hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Blood Pressure; China; Cluster Analysis; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; Young Adult
PubMed: 22377586
DOI: 10.1159/000336085