-
Kidney & Blood Pressure Research 2012Little is known about the prevalence and cardiovascular risk factors for prehypertension and hypertension in the She ethnic minority population of Fujian province in...
BACKGROUND
Little is known about the prevalence and cardiovascular risk factors for prehypertension and hypertension in the She ethnic minority population of Fujian province in China.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Between April 2009 and September 2009, 5,523 participants of She nationality aged between 20 and 80 years participated in this survey and 5,357 were eventually enrolled in analyses. The survey was carried out to assess blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors. The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 35.87 and 38.42%, respectively, in all participants. Only 26.63% of the subjects with hypertension were aware of their diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age, gender, overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia and alcohol use were risk factors for prehypertension, and age, overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia, alcohol use, family history of hypertension and hyperuricemia were risk factors for hypertension. The clustering of 2 and ≥ 3 risk factors was in higher proportion for subjects with hypertension and prehypertension when compared with those with prehypertension and normotension, respectively. After adjusting for other confounding factors, multivariable logistic regression showed that the greater the number of clustering cardiovascular risk factors, the greater the odds ratios for prehypertension and hypertension are.
CONCLUSION
Hypertension and prehypertension were common in the She population of Fujian province. Cardiovascular risk factors cluster during prehypertension and awareness of hypertension was minimal. Early lifestyle modifications could be advocated to prevent the transition from prehypertension to hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Blood Pressure; China; Cluster Analysis; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; Young Adult
PubMed: 22377586
DOI: 10.1159/000336085 -
Circulation Research Oct 2012
Topics: Animals; Hypertension; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Prehypertension
PubMed: 23065340
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.278408 -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva Dec 2021The objective was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension among health workers who work in high-complexity services for...
The objective was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension among health workers who work in high-complexity services for critically-ill and chronic patients. An epidemiological, cross-sectional study was carried out with 490 health workers in the macroregional region of Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The dependent variable blood pressure (BP) was categorized as normal BP, prehypertension and hypertension. Multinomial Logistic Regression was used for the multiple analysis. The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 21.8% and that of prehypertension was 25.9%. The chances of developing arterial hypertension and prehypertension were higher in male professionals, aged ≥40 years, in civil servant workers and those who were obese or overweight. The use of continuous medication and night shift work were associated with hypertension and prehypertension, respectively. The prevalence of arterial hypertension in the group of workers was lower than that of the Brazilian population. It is necessary to carry out studies with workers from this group and investments are required in preventive measures that encourage a change to a healthy lifestyle.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Personnel; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Prehypertension; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34909998
DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320212612.14952021 -
Ghana Medical Journal Mar 2020There are indications that prehypertension precedes hypertension. Like hypertension, it is associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
BACKGROUND
There are indications that prehypertension precedes hypertension. Like hypertension, it is associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence, awareness and correlates of prehypertension and hypertension among adults in Delta State, Nigeria.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study. We recruited adults aged ≥18 years from two communities in Delta State, Nigeria, using the multi-stage sampling technique. The study instrument was a modified WHO-STEPS questionnaire. Prehypertension and hypertension were defined using the JNC-7 criteria. Ethical approval was obtained before the recruitment of participants.
RESULTS
Of the 852 adults studied, the mean (±SD) age was 42.64 (±16.07) years, females (55.9%) and urban dwellers (55.8%). The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension were 42.5% and 29.3%, respectively; both were higher among urban dwellers. The peak age-group for prehypertension and hypertension were 25-34 and 35-44 years, respectively. Awareness of hypertension was low; 12.0% (102/852). Blood pressure category significantly correlated with age, body mass index, place of residence, level of education, employment status and fruit intake.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension in this study were high. Based on the premise that prehypertension is a precursor of hypertension and occurred more among youths, the higher prevalence of prehypertension gives an inkling to rising prevalence of hypertension.
FUNDING
Nil.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Blood Pressure Determination; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Educational Status; Employment; Female; Fruit; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Residence Characteristics; Risk Factors; Sex Factors
PubMed: 32863413
DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v54i1.8 -
Journal of Clinical Hypertension... May 2021Improved understanding of the current burden of hypertension, including awareness, treatment, and control, is needed to guide relevant preventative measures in Nigeria.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Improved understanding of the current burden of hypertension, including awareness, treatment, and control, is needed to guide relevant preventative measures in Nigeria. A systematic search of studies on the epidemiology of hypertension in Nigeria, published on or after January 1990, was conducted. The authors employed random-effects meta-analysis on extracted crude hypertension prevalence, and awareness, treatment, and control rates. Using a meta-regression model, overall hypertension cases in Nigeria in 1995 and 2020 were estimated. Fifty-three studies (n = 78 949) met our selection criteria. Estimated crude prevalence of pre-hypertension (120-139/80-89 mmHg) in Nigeria was 30.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.0%-39.7%), and the crude prevalence of hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) was 30.6% (95% CI: 27.3%-34.0%). When adjusted for age, study period, and sample, absolute cases of hypertension increased by 540% among individuals aged ≥20 years from approximately 4.3 million individuals in 1995 (age-adjusted prevalence 8.6%, 95% CI: 6.5-10.7) to 27.5 million individuals with hypertension in 2020 (age-adjusted prevalence 32.5%, 95% CI: 29.8-35.3). The age-adjusted prevalence was only significantly higher among men in 1995, with the gap between both sexes considerably narrowed in 2020. Only 29.0% of cases (95% CI: 19.7-38.3) were aware of their hypertension, 12.0% (95% CI: 2.7-21.2) were on treatment, and 2.8% (95% CI: 0.1-5.7) had at-goal blood pressure in 2020. Our study suggests that hypertension prevalence has substantially increased in Nigeria over the last two decades. Although more persons are aware of their hypertension status, clinical treatment and control rates, however, remain low. These estimates are relevant for clinical care, population, and policy response in Nigeria and across Africa.
Topics: Adult; Awareness; Blood Pressure; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Nigeria; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Young Adult
PubMed: 33600078
DOI: 10.1111/jch.14220 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Apr 2022Essential hypertension, which is hypertension without a known cause, runs in families. Children from families with hypertension are likely to have a higher blood...
BACKGROUND
Essential hypertension, which is hypertension without a known cause, runs in families. Children from families with hypertension are likely to have a higher blood pressure than children from normotensive families.
AIM
The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of hypertension and the associated family risk factors for hypertension in the school children.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This prevalence study was conducted in six first-cycle schools in Accra, Ghana. School children between the ages of five to fourteen years were recruited into the study. A questionnaire, which gathered information on demographic data, family history, and risk factors associated with childhood hypertension and the child's clinical data, was used. An average of three blood pressure readings with an automated sphygmomanometer and height measurement was taken for each child. Blood pressure was categorized as normal, pre-hypertension, and hypertension using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reference charts.
RESULTS
A total of 600 school children comprising 358 (59.7%) females and 242 (40.3%) males were studied. Fifty-one (8.5%) school children had elevated blood pressure. Of these, 15 (2.5%) had hypertension, while 36 (6.0%) had pre-hypertension. Two hundred and thirty-eight participants had a family history of risk factors for hypertension. Twenty-five (10.5%) children with risk factors (family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, stroke) had elevated blood pressure (BP) compared to 7.2% of those without risk factors.
CONCLUSION
Urgent positive lifestyle transformations, which should start from school to reduce the incidence of hypertension in children.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Ghana; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35439894
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1832_21 -
Vascular Health and Risk Management 2012Prehypertension is a warning to individuals with resting blood pressures between 120/80 mmHg and 139/89 mmHg of an insidious progression of blood pressure towards... (Review)
Review
Prehypertension is a warning to individuals with resting blood pressures between 120/80 mmHg and 139/89 mmHg of an insidious progression of blood pressure towards hypertensive levels (≥ 140/90 mmHg). Prehypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and end organ damage compared with individuals who are normotensive. This review primarily focuses on internal and external factors associated with the prevalence of prehypertension. Elucidating all of the factors associated with a rise in resting blood pressure and comparing the effects of medication versus lifestyle changes may aid the clinician in developing a preventive and/or treatment strategy for each individual.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Humans; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23172989
DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S29138 -
European Review For Medical and... Mar 2017According to the JNC7 report, prehypertension category includes subjects with systolic blood pressure between 120 and 139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure between 80...
OBJECTIVE
According to the JNC7 report, prehypertension category includes subjects with systolic blood pressure between 120 and 139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure between 80 and 89 mmHg that would be at risk for developing hypertension and its untoward sequelae as myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease. Moreover, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring made it possible to detect subjects with masked hypertension, who are at risk of greater target organ damage than those with normal ambulatory or home blood pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of cardiac, cerebral and vascular events in a group of prehypertensive subjects, with and without masked hypertension.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We studied 204 consecutive asymptomatic prehypertensive subjects without history and signs of cardiovascular disease or diabetes. All the subjects underwent clinical evaluation, electrocardiogram, routine laboratory tests and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. They were followed-up for a maximum of 237 months or until a cardiovascular event occurred.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven cardiovascular events (13.2%) occurred, including 4 abdominal aortic aneurysms. Age (p<0.0001), total cholesterol (p=0.004), smoking (p=0.03) and clinically overt hypertension development (p=0.011) were related to cardiovascular events. Prognosis was not related to masked hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that, in subjects with prehypertension, followed for 20 years, traditional cardiovascular risk factors and development of clinically overt hypertension could be more relevant than ambulatory hypertension in the prediction of an adverse outcome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28387894
DOI: No ID Found -
Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular... Dec 2013Knowledge of hemodynamic factors accounting for the development of hypertension should help to tailor therapeutic approaches and improve blood pressure control. Few data... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Knowledge of hemodynamic factors accounting for the development of hypertension should help to tailor therapeutic approaches and improve blood pressure control. Few data exist regarding sex differences of hemodynamic factors contributing to hypertension progression among patients with untreated nondiabetic stage I and II prehypertension (PreHyp) as defined by the Joint National Committee-7 guidelines (JNC-7).
METHODS
We utilized noninvasive impedance cardiography, applanation tonometry and plasma measures of angiotensin II, angiotensin (1-7), serum aldosterone, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and cytokine biomarkers of inflammation to characterize the hemodynamic and hormonal profile of 100 patients with untreated hypertension (39 women).
RESULTS
Despite there being no differences between women and men in terms of office blood pressure, heart rate and body mass index, men demonstrated lower values of pulse pressure, systemic vascular resistance, brachial artery pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. In each of the three hypertension categories, the increased blood pressure in men was associated with significant augmentations in stroke volume and cardiac output compared with women. Sex-related hemodynamic differences were associated in women with higher plasma levels of leptin, hs-CRP, plasma angiotensin II and serum aldosterone, and no differences in the serum concentrations of cytokinins. In women but not men, hs-CRP correlated with plasma concentrations of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and body weight; in addition, plasma TGFβ1 correlated with levels of serum vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.
CONCLUSION
The impact of sex differences in the hemodynamic factors accounting for the elevation in arterial pressure in subjects with essential hypertension has been poorly characterized or this information is not available. We suggest that this gap in knowledge may adversely influence choices of drug treatment since our study shows for the first time significant differences in the hemodynamic and hormonal mechanisms accounting for the increased blood pressure in women compared to men.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiography, Impedance; Female; Hemodynamics; Hormones; Humans; Hypertension; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Manometry; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Prognosis; Renin-Angiotensin System; Sex Factors
PubMed: 24280597
DOI: 10.1177/1753944713513221 -
Journal of the American Heart... Jul 2022Background Hypertension and diabetes frequently coexist; however, it has not yet been clarified if the bidirectional longitudinal relationships between arterial... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Bidirectional Longitudinal Relationships Between Arterial Stiffness and Hypertension Are Independent of Those Between Arterial Stiffness and Diabetes: A Large-Scale Prospective Observational Study in Employees of a Japanese Company.
Background Hypertension and diabetes frequently coexist; however, it has not yet been clarified if the bidirectional longitudinal relationships between arterial stiffness and hypertension are independent of those between arterial stiffness and diabetes. Methods and Results In this 16-year prospective observational study, 3960 middle-aged employees of a Japanese company without hypertension/diabetes at the study baseline underwent annual repeated measurements of blood pressure, serum glycosylated hemoglobin A levels, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. By the end of the study period, 664, 779, 154, and 406 subjects developed hypertension, prehypertension, diabetes, and prediabetes, respectively. Increased brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity at the baseline was associated with a significant odds ratio (per 1 SD increase) for new onset of prehypertension/hypertension with (2.45/3.28; <0.001) or without (2.49/2.76; <0.001) coexisting prediabetes/diabetes, but not for new onset of prediabetes/diabetes without coexisting hypertension. Analyses using the latent growth curve model confirmed the bidirectional relationships between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and hypertension, but no such relationship was observed between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and abnormal glucose metabolism. Conclusions In middle-aged employees of a Japanese company, while bidirectional relationships were found to exist between increased arterial stiffness and hypertension, such a relationship was not found between increased arterial stiffness and diabetes. Therefore, it appears that increased arterial stiffness may be associated with the development of hypertension but not with that of diabetes.
Topics: Ankle Brachial Index; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypertension; Japan; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State; Prehypertension; Pulse Wave Analysis; Risk Factors; Vascular Stiffness
PubMed: 35766280
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.121.025924