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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Nov 2013Persons with a systolic blood pressure (BP) of 120 to < 140 or diastolic BP of 80 to < 90 mm hg are classified as having pre-hypertension. Pre-hypertension is associated...
BACKGROUND
Persons with a systolic blood pressure (BP) of 120 to < 140 or diastolic BP of 80 to < 90 mm hg are classified as having pre-hypertension. Pre-hypertension is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, incident CVD and CVD mortality. Understanding determinants of pre-hypertension especially in low income countries is a pre-requisite for improved prevention and control.
METHODS
Data were analyzed for 4142 persons aged 18 years and older with BP measured in a community cross sectional survey in Uganda. The prevalence of pre-hypertension was estimated and a number of risk factors e.g. smoking, use of alcohol, overweight, obesity, physical activity, sex, age, marital status, place of residence, and consumption of vegetables and fruits were compared among different groups (normotension, pre-hypertension, and hypertension) using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS
The age standardized prevalence of normal blood pressure was 37.6%, pre-hypertension 33.9%, hypertension 28.5% and raised blood pressure 62%. There was no difference between the prevalence of hypertension among women compared to men (28.9% versus 27.9%). However, the prevalence of pre-hypertension was higher among men (41.6%) compared to women (29.4%). Compared to people with normal blood pressure, the risk of pre-hypertension was increased by being 40 years and above, smoking, consumption of alcohol, not being married, being male and being overweight or obese. Compared to pre-hypertension, hypertension was more likely if one was more than 40 years, had infrequent or no physical activity, resided in an urban area, and was obese or overweight.
CONCLUSIONS
More than one in three of adults in this population had pre-hypertension. Preventive and public health interventions that reduce the prevalence of raised blood pressure need to be implemented.
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cluster Analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Uganda; Young Adult
PubMed: 24228945
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-13-101 -
Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases Nov 2016Hypertension is a worldwide health concern. Complications of hypertension not only affect adult patients, but also involve children. Given the importance of assessing...
INTRODUCTION
Hypertension is a worldwide health concern. Complications of hypertension not only affect adult patients, but also involve children. Given the importance of assessing children with hypertension in order to decrease adulthood complications, we aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension in urban school-aged children in Rasht, Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2072 school-aged children in Rasht, Iran, from January 2013 to December 2015. Inclusion criteria were age between 7 and 17 years and residence and attending school in the urban area of Rasht.
RESULTS
Overall, 205 (9.9%) and 144 (6.9%) of the participants were hypertensive and prehypertensive, respectively. The mean systolic blood pressure was 124.54 ± 11.86 mm Hg in the children. The prevalence of obesity in the children was 3.5%. Comparing the normal, prehypertensive, and hypertensive groups, there was a significantly increasing trend regarding age, height, weight, and body mass index associated with higher blood pressure categories.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed a high rate of hypertension among school-aged children in Rasht. Hypertensive children tended to be have a higher body mass index than the prehypertensive and normal-weight participants. Case identification and early assessment of these children is recommended.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Iran; Male; Pediatric Obesity; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Urban Population
PubMed: 27903995
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Medica Indonesiana Oct 2018Each kidney injury may develop into chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) that associates with high mortality and socio-economic burden. There...
BACKGROUND
Each kidney injury may develop into chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) that associates with high mortality and socio-economic burden. There is limited data about clinical characteristics of children having CKD in developing countries, espesially in Indonesia.
OBJECTIVE
To describe clinical profiles and characteristics of kidney diseases in adolescents aged 15-18 years.
METHODS
This study was a cross-sectional study which used data from National Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2013. There were 2 data groups. The first data group included questionnaires about history of kidney stone disease, hypertension, chronic renal failure, antihypertension administration, and blood pressure measurement. The second data group included subsamples of the first group which had laboratory test results, i.e. hemoglobin and serum creatinine levels. All of the data were classified by nutritional status, estimated glomerulofiltration rate (eGFR), blood pressure classification, and hemoglobin level.
RESULTS
Among 52,454 adolescents in the first data group, 20,537 (39%) had kidney diseases with female predominance and good nutritional status. Other findings found were history of kidney stone disease (0.2%), chronic renal failure (0.1%), history of hypertension (0.6%), antihypertensive agents consumption (0.1%). Prehypertension and hypertension were found in 51% and 48.3% of adolescents, respectively. Adolescents with decreased eGFR were accounted for 1.4%.
CONCLUSION
The proportion of prehypertension and hypertension in adolescents aged 15-18 years in Indonesia is high. Hence, routine blood pressure measurement is important for early detection and prevention of kidney disease progression.
Topics: Adolescent; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disease Progression; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Health Surveys; Humans; Hypertension; Indonesia; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Prehypertension
PubMed: 30630992
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024: Prehypertension and hypertension are the most common cardiovascular disorders worldwide and are increasingly considered one of the most serious public health problems,...
: Prehypertension and hypertension are the most common cardiovascular disorders worldwide and are increasingly considered one of the most serious public health problems, particularly in developing countries. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and demographic and socioeconomic predictors of prehypertension and hypertension in the adults in Serbia, and to examine the relationship between prehypertension and hypertension and health behavior determinants (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity) and individual aspects of health (a health self-assessment, multimorbidity, BMI, depressive symptoms). : The research is part of the fourth National Population Health Survey conducted in 2019, which was conducted by the Republic Institute of Statistics, in cooperation with the Institute of Public Health of Serbia and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. As a research instrument, questionnaires were used in accordance with the methodology of the European Health Survey. For the purposes of this research, data on the adult population aged 20 and over were used. : Women are at a reduced risk for both prehypertension (OR = 0.328) and hypertension (OR = 0.349) by nearly 70%. Similarly, those aged below 60 years have a lower risk for prehypertension and those younger than 40 years have a lower risk for hypertension (OR = 0.995), whereas people with a lower education have a 4.3 times higher risk of prehypertension (OR = 4.323) and a 1.6 times higher risk of hypertension (OR = 1.614). The poor have a 1.4 times higher risk of prehypertension (OR = 1.413) and a 1 times higher risk of hypertension (OR = 1.035). People with multimorbidity have a 1.2 times higher risk of both prehypertension (OR = 1.218) and a 4.8 times higher risk of hypertension (OR = 4.867). : Male gender, lower education, poverty, age and the presence of multimorbidity are significant predictors of prehypertension and hypertension in the Serbian adult population, so preventive strategies should be aimed at these sensitive population groups.
Topics: Humans; Serbia; Male; Adult; Female; Middle Aged; Hypertension; Prehypertension; Health Surveys; Aged; Socioeconomic Factors; Risk Factors; Demography
PubMed: 38793007
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050824 -
Journal of Epidemiology Jan 2017Subjects with prehypertension (pre-HT; 120/80 to 139/89 mm Hg) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, whether the risk of pre-HT can be seen...
BACKGROUND
Subjects with prehypertension (pre-HT; 120/80 to 139/89 mm Hg) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, whether the risk of pre-HT can be seen at the pre-HT status or only after progression to a hypertensive (HT; ≥140/90 mm Hg) state during the follow-up period is unknown.
METHODS
The Jichi Medical Cohort study enrolled 12,490 subjects recruited from a Japanese general population. Of those, 2227 subjects whose BP data at baseline and at the middle of follow-up and tracking of CVD events were available (median follow-up period: 11.8 years). We evaluated the risk of HT in those with normal BP or pre-HT at baseline whose BP progressed to HT at the middle of follow-up compared with those whose BP remained at normal or pre-HT levels.
RESULTS
Among the 707 normotensive patients at baseline, 34.1% and 6.6% of subjects progressed to pre-HT and HT, respectively, by the middle of follow-up. Among 702 subjects with pre-HT at baseline, 26.1% progressed to HT. During the follow-up period, there were 11 CVD events in normotensive patients and 16 CVD events in pre-HT patients at baseline. The subjects who progressed from pre-HT to HT had 2.95 times higher risk of CVD than those who remained at normal BP or pre-HT in a multivariable-adjusted Cox hazard model.
CONCLUSION
This relatively long-term prospective cohort study indicated that the CVD risk with pre-HT might increase after progression to HT; however, the number of CVD events was small. Therefore, the results need to be confirmed in a larger cohort.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Prospective Studies; Risk
PubMed: 28135198
DOI: 10.1016/j.je.2016.08.001 -
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Nov 2019Hypertension and obesity are known risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is unclear whether uncontrolled, long-standing hypertension has a particularly... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Hypertension and obesity are known risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is unclear whether uncontrolled, long-standing hypertension has a particularly profound effect on AF. Because they have a similar underlying pathophysiology, hypertension and obesity could act synergistically in the context of AF. We evaluated how various stages of hypertension and body weight status affect new-onset AF. We analyzed a total of 9 797 418 participants who underwent a national health checkup. Hypertension was classified into 5 stages: nonhypertension, prehypertension, hypertension without medication, hypertension with medication <5 years, and hypertension with medication ≥5 years. The participants were also stratified based on body mass index and waist circumference. During the 80 130 161 person×years follow-up, a total of 196 136 new-onset AF cases occurred. The incidence of new-onset AF gradually increased among the 5 stages of hypertension: the adjusted hazard ratio for each group was 1 (reference), 1.145, 1.390, 1.853, and 2.344 for each stage of hypertension. A graded escalation in the risk of new-onset AF was also observed in response to increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The incidence of new-onset AF correlated with body mass index and waist circumference, with obese people having a higher risk than others. Hypertension and obesity acted synergistically: obese people with hypertension on medication ≥5 years had the highest risk of AF. In conclusion, the degree and duration of hypertension, as well as the presence of hypertension, were important factors for new-onset AF. Body weight status was significantly associated with new-onset AF and acted synergistically with hypertension.
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Age of Onset; Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Blood Pressure Determination; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; ROC Curve; Republic of Korea; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Distribution; Time Factors; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 31522617
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13672 -
PloS One 2021Hypertension is a global public health challenge. There is a lack of evidence on the prevalence of hypertension, prehypertension, and related factors among adult...
INTRODUCTION
Hypertension is a global public health challenge. There is a lack of evidence on the prevalence of hypertension, prehypertension, and related factors among adult populations of Wolaita, southern Ethiopia.
AIM
To assess the prevalence of hypertension, prehypertension, and related factors among adult populations of Wolaita, southern Ethiopia.
METHODS
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 2483 adult residents, selected using a two-stage random sampling technique. The quantitative data collected from structured questionnaires; anthropometric and biochemical measurements were entered into EpiData version 3.1 using double-entry systems. We determined the weighted prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension for the two-stage survey. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with hypertension and carried out after declaring the data set as survey data to account for the effect of clustering. An adjusted coefficient with 95% CI was used to ascertain the significance of the association.
RESULTS
The weighted prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in the Wolaita area was 31.3% (27.7%-35.1%) and 46.4% (42.9%-50.0%) respectively. The weighted prevalence of hypertension of those who were not aware of their hypertension until the time of the survey was 29.8%% (26.5%-33.3%). Where the weighted prevalence of self-reported cases of hypertension was 2.2% (1.2%-3.8%). Obesity, sugar-sweetened food consumption, male sex, elevated total cholesterol, raised fasting blood sugar, and advancing age were positively associated with hypertension.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of hypertension among adults in Wolaita was high. A small proportion of the affected people are aware of their high blood pressure. This study reported a high prevalence of pre-hypertension; which indicates a high percentage of people at risk of hypertension. It is essential to develop periodic screening programs, and primary intervention strategies such as the prevention of obesity, and reduction of sugar-sweetened food consumption.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34910760
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260403 -
American Journal of Hypertension Jun 2012Masked hypertension (MHT) and prehypertension (PHT) are both associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, relative to sustained normotension. This... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Masked hypertension (MHT) and prehypertension (PHT) are both associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, relative to sustained normotension. This study examined the diagnostic overlap between MHT and PHT, and their interrelationships with left ventricular (LV) mass index (LVMI), a marker of cardiovascular end-organ damage.
METHODS
A research nurse performed three manual clinic blood pressure (CBP) measurements on three occasions over a 3-week period (total of nine readings, which were averaged) in 813 participants without treated hypertension from the Masked Hypertension Study, an ongoing worksite-based, population study. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) was assessed by using a SpaceLabs 90207 monitor. LVMI was determined by echocardiography in 784 (96.4%) participants.
RESULTS
Of the 813 participants, 769 (94.6%) had normal CBP levels (<140/90 mm Hg). One hundred and seventeen (15.2%) participants with normal CBP had MHT (normal CBP and mean awake ABP ≥135/85 mm Hg) and 287 (37.3%) had PHT (mean CBP 120-139/80-89 mm Hg). 83.8% of MHT participants had PHT and 34.1% of PHT participants had MHT. MHT was infrequent (3.9%) when CBP was optimal (<120/80 mm Hg). After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), race/ethnicity, history of high cholesterol, history of diabetes, current smoking, family history of hypertension, and physical activity, compared with optimal CBP with MHT participants, LVMI was significantly greater in PHT without MHT participants and in PHT with MHT participants.
CONCLUSIONS
In this community sample, there was substantial diagnostic overlap between MHT and PHT. The diagnosis of MHT using an ABP monitor may not be warranted for individuals with optimal CBP.
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Diagnosis, Differential; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Male; Masked Hypertension; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 22378035
DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2012.15 -
Current Hypertension Reports Oct 2012The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial showed that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products with reduced total and saturated fat,... (Review)
Review
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial showed that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products with reduced total and saturated fat, cholesterol, and sugar-sweetened products effectively lowers blood pressure in individuals with prehypertension and stage I hypertension. Limited evidence is available on the safety and efficacy of the DASH eating pattern in special patient populations that were excluded from the trial. Caution should be exercised before initiating the DASH diet in patients with chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, and those who are prescribed renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonist, but these conditions are not strict contraindications to DASH. Modifications to the DASH diet may be necessary to facilitate its use in patients with chronic heart failure, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type II, lactose intolerance, and celiac disease. In general, the DASH diet can be adopted by most patient populations and initiated simultaneously with medication therapy and other lifestyle interventions.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Celiac Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diverticulitis; Heart Failure; Hepatic Insufficiency; Humans; Hypertension; Lactose Intolerance; Patient Selection; Prehypertension; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Sodium, Dietary
PubMed: 22846984
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-012-0296-1 -
Journal of the American Heart... Sep 2021Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and pre-pregnancy hypertension are associated with increased morbidity and mortality for the mother. Our aim was to...
Incident Heart Failure Within the First and Fifth Year after Delivery Among Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Prepregnancy Hypertension in a Diverse Population.
Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and pre-pregnancy hypertension are associated with increased morbidity and mortality for the mother. Our aim was to investigate the relationships between HDP and pre-pregnancy hypertension with maternal heart failure (HF) within 1 and 5 years of delivery and to examine racial/ethnic differences. Methods and Results We conducted a retrospective cohort study in South Carolina (2004-2016) involving 425 649 women aged 12 to 49 years (58.9% non-Hispanic White [NHW], 31.5% non-Hispanic Black [NHB], 9.6% Hispanic) with a live, singleton birth. Incident HF was defined by hospital/emergency department visit and death certificate data. Pre-pregnancy hypertension and HDP (preeclampsia, eclampsia, or gestational hypertension) were based on hospitalization/emergency department visit and birth certificate data (i.e., gestational hypertension for HDP). The 425 649 women had pre-pregnancy hypertension without superimposed HDP (pre-pregnancy hypertension alone; 0.4%), HDP alone (15.7%), pre-pregnancy hypertension with superimposed HDP (both conditions; 2.2%), or neither condition in any pregnancy (81.7%). Incident HF event rates per 1000 person-years were higher in NHB than NHW women with HDP (HDP: 2.28 versus 0.96; both conditions: 4.30 versus 1.22, respectively). After adjustment, compared with women with neither condition, incident HF risk within 5 years of delivery was increased for women with pre-pregnancy hypertension (HR,2.55, 95% CI: 1.31-4.95), HDP (HR,4.20, 95% CI: 3.66-4.81), and both conditions (HR,5.25, 95% CI: 4.24-6.50). Conclusions Women with HDP and pre-pregnancy hypertension were at higher HF risk (highest for superimposed preeclampsia) within 5 years of delivery. NHB women with HDP had higher HF risk than NHW women, regardless of pre-pregnancy hypertension.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Black People; Child; Eclampsia; Female; Heart Failure; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Middle Aged; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Prehypertension; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; White People; Young Adult
PubMed: 34431312
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.121.021616