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Journal of Translational Medicine Aug 2022There is limited evidence regarding the impact of pregnancy loss on the subsequent risk of metabolic disorders. We aimed to investigate whether history of pregnancy loss...
BACKGROUND
There is limited evidence regarding the impact of pregnancy loss on the subsequent risk of metabolic disorders. We aimed to investigate whether history of pregnancy loss is associated with the subsequent risk of prediabetes (pre-DM), diabetes (DM), and metabolic syndrome (METs) among couples.
METHOD
In this population-based cohort study, 2765 couples with and without history of pregnancy loss and free of DM, pre-DM, and METs at baseline were included and followed for incidents of DM, pre-DM, and METs by 3-year intervals visits from 1999 to 2018. Detailed data of variables was collected using standard questionnaires, interviews, clinical and laboratory assessments. A modified Poisson regression for binary outcome data with a log link function and robust error variance was used to estimate relative risks (RRs) in couples with and without history of pregnancy loss. Both unadjusted and adjusted models were fitted, and effect measures were calculated.
RESULT
During a median follow-up of 15 years, females with history of pregnancy loss were experienced more pre-DM (50% vs. 45.5%), DM (28.9% vs. 21.3%), and METs (70% vs. 60.1%) than females without such history. Moreover, history of pregnancy loss increased the risk of METs by 8% among females. The incidence of DM in males with history of pregnancy loss in their spouses was higher than in males without it (28.8% vs. 23.5%). Among males, having a spouse with history of pregnancy loss was positively associated with the risk of pre-DM (RR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.23, p = 0.02); furthermore, they were more prone to the risk of METs than females with a history of pregnancy loss (RR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.07, 1.20, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Although pregnancy loss is a female-specific factor, may foreshadow the subsequent METs, our study identified a higher risk of subsequent pre-DM and METs in males with history of pregnancy loss in their spouses. Pregnancy loss could be considered a possible future risk factor for metabolic disorders in couples.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Glucose; Humans; Iran; Lipids; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolic Syndrome; Prediabetic State; Pregnancy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35982490
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03578-2 -
Cardiovascular Diabetology Aug 2023The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) can reflect the burden of atherosclerosis. Hyperglycemia is one of the leading causes of atherosclerosis. However, the relationship...
BACKGROUND
The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) can reflect the burden of atherosclerosis. Hyperglycemia is one of the leading causes of atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between AIP and prediabetes is rarely studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between AIP and prediabetes.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study recruited 100,069 Chinese adults at the Rich Healthcare Group from 2010 to 2016. AIP was calculated according to Log10 (triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) formula. Cox regression method, sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were used to examine the relationship between AIP and prediabetes. Cox proportional hazards regression with cubic spline functions and smooth curve fitting was performed to explore the non-linearity between AIP and prediabetes. The two-piece Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine the inflection point of AIP on the risk of prediabetes.
RESULTS
After adjusting for confounding covariates, AIP was positively associated with prediabetes (HR: 1.41, 95%CI: 1.31-1.52, P < 0.0001). The two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards regression model discovered that the AIP's inflection point was 0.03 (P for log-likelihood ratio test < 0.001). AIP was positively associated with the risk of prediabetes when AIP ≤ 0.03 (HR: 1.90, 95%CI: 1.66-2.16, P < 0.0001). In contrast, When AIP > 0.03, their association was not significant (HR: 1.04, 95%CI: 0.91-1.19, P = 0.5528).
CONCLUSION
This study shows that AIP was positively and non-linearly associated with the risk of prediabetes after adjusting for other confounding factors. When AIP ≤ 0.03, AIP was positively associated with the risk of prediabetes.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Atherosclerosis; East Asian People; Prediabetic State; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Triglycerides; Cholesterol, HDL
PubMed: 37563588
DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01934-0 -
Annual Review of Public Health May 2024The term prediabetes describes blood glucose levels above the normal range but below the threshold to diagnose type 2 diabetes. Several population health initiatives... (Review)
Review
The term prediabetes describes blood glucose levels above the normal range but below the threshold to diagnose type 2 diabetes. Several population health initiatives encourage a test and treat approach for prediabetes. In this approach, screening and identification of individuals with prediabetes should be followed by prompt referral to structured lifestyle modification programs or pharmacologic interventions that have been shown to prevent or delay the progression to type 2 diabetes in clinical trials. Here we provide a critical review of evidence for this test and treat approach by examining health outcomes associated with prediabetes and the availability and effectiveness of lifestyle modification approaches that target prediabetes. We also describe current limitations to the reach and uptake of evidence-based treatment options for prediabetes. Finally, we highlight lessons learned from identifying and labeling other preconditions to consider challenges and opportunities that may arise with increasing awareness of prediabetes as part of routine preventive care.
Topics: Humans; Prediabetic State; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Mass Screening; Life Style; Risk Reduction Behavior; Blood Glucose
PubMed: 38109519
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-023417 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Dec 2014To determine the prevalence and time course of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in individuals with newly diagnosed prediabetes or diabetes mellitus after acute... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
To determine the prevalence and time course of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in individuals with newly diagnosed prediabetes or diabetes mellitus after acute pancreatitis.
METHODS
Relevant literature cited in three major biomedical journal databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scopus) was reviewed independently by two authors. There were no language constraints but the search was limited to human studies. Studies included were cohort studies of adult patients who were discharged after an attack of acute pancreatitis. Patients were excluded if they were under 18 years of age or had a previous diagnosis of prediabetes or diabetes mellitus, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, or chronic pancreatitis. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of concomitant pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in patients who were diagnosed with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus after an attack of acute pancreatitis. Subgroup analysis was conducted for patients who were diagnosed with prediabetes only and those who were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus only. Subgroup analysis looking at the time course of concomitant pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency was also conducted. Pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all outcome measures and P-values < 0.05 were deemed statistically significant.
RESULTS
Eight clinical studies comprising of 234 patients met all eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of newly diagnosed prediabetes or diabetes in individuals after acute pancreatitis was 43% (95%CI: 30%-56%). The pooled prevalence of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in individuals after acute pancreatitis was 29% (95%CI: 19%-39%). The prevalence of concomitant pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in individuals with newly diagnosed prediabetes or diabetes was 40% (95%CI: 25%-55%). The prevalence of concomitant pancreatic exocrine insufficiency among individuals with prediabetes alone and diabetes mellitus alone was 41% (95%CI: 12%-75%) and 39% (95%CI: 28%-51%), respectively. Further analysis showed that the prevalence of concomitant pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in individuals with prediabetes or diabetes decreases over time after an attack of acute pancreatitis.
CONCLUSION
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency occurs in 40% of individuals with newly diagnosed prediabetes or diabetes mellitus after acute pancreatitis. Further studies are needed to investigate the pathogenesis of diabetes in this setting.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency; Humans; Islets of Langerhans; Pancreas, Exocrine; Pancreatitis; Prediabetic State; Prevalence; Time Factors
PubMed: 25493036
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i45.17196 -
Association between magnesium concentrations and prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific Reports Dec 2021Studies on the association between serum magnesium level and prediabetes yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was designed to examine the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Studies on the association between serum magnesium level and prediabetes yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was designed to examine the association between serum magnesium levels and prediabetes. Online databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched up to October, 2020. A total of 10 studies that reported mean and standard deviation (SD) of magnesium levels in prediabetes and healthy control group were identified. Random effects models were used to pool weighted mean differences (WMDs) of serum magnesium levels. Pooled-analysis showed that subjects with prediabetes had significantly lower serum magnesium levels compared with healthy controls (WMD = - 0.07 mmol/L; 95% CI - 0.09, - 0.05 mmol/L, P < 0.001). A significant heterogeneity observed across included studies (I = 95.6%, P < 0.001). However, different subgroup analysis did not detect the potential source of observed heterogeneity. Withdrawal of each individual study had no effect on the overall results. The present meta-analysis showed that circulating magnesium levels in people with prediabetes were significantly lower than healthy controls, confirming that magnesium deficiency may play a role in development and progression of prediabetes. Further studies with larger sample size and robust design are warranted to confirm present results.
Topics: Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 34937856
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03915-3 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is currently one of the fastest growing health challenging, a non-communicable disease result of the XXI century lifestyle. Given its growing... (Review)
Review
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is currently one of the fastest growing health challenging, a non-communicable disease result of the XXI century lifestyle. Given its growing incidence and prevalence, it became increasingly imperative to develop new technologies and implement new biomarkers for early diagnosis in order to promote lifestyle changes and thus cause a setback of the disease. Promising biomarkers have been identified as predictive of T2D development; however, none of them have yet been implemented in clinical practice routine. Moreover, many prediabetic biomarkers can also represent potential therapeutical targets in disease management. Previous studies have identified the most popular biomarkers, which are being thoroughly investigated. However, there are some biomarkers with promising preliminary results with limited associated studies; hence there is still much to be understood about its mechanisms and associations in T2D pathophysiology. This work identifies and discusses the promising results of Galectin-3, Ophthalmate and Fetuin-A.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Incidence; Life Style; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 35321333
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.805837 -
Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical... Nov 2016Our aim was to determine the incidence of prediabetes and risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This...
Our aim was to determine the incidence of prediabetes and risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This prospective, observational study included 148 women with PCOS, without Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and CVD present at baseline. In the fasting blood samples, we measured lipids, glucose, and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), steroids, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and parathyroid hormone. The follow-up period was 3 years. At baseline, prevalent prediabetes was present in 18 (12%) of PCOS cases and it progressed to T2DM in 5 (3%) of the cases. Incident prediabetes during the follow-up was noted in 47 (32%) women or 4.7 per 1000 persons/year. Prediabetes was associated with elevated body mass index (BMI) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.089, confidence interval [CI]: 1.010; 1.174, p = 0.026), high baseline levels of CRP (OR = 3.286, CI: 1.299; 8.312, p = 0.012), homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance (IR) (OR = 2.628, CI: 1.535; 4.498, p < 0.001), and high lipid accumulation product (LAP) (OR = 1.009, CI: 1.003; 1.016, p = 0.005). Furthermore, prediabetes was associated with low 25-OHD (OR = 0.795, CI: 0.724; 0.880, p ≤ 0.05). In addition, cardiovascular risk in PCOS women with prediabetes was high (hazard ratio = 1.092, CI: 1.036; 1.128, p < 0.001). We showed association of prediabetes with high BMI, IR, markers of inflammation, LAP, and low serum 25-OHD concentration. IR appears to be more relevant than the other predictors of prediabetes risk in this study. PCOS women are considered as a high-risk population for prediabetes.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Incidence; Insulin Resistance; Lipids; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Prediabetic State; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Young Adult
PubMed: 27648989
DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2016.1428 -
Journal of the American College of... Feb 2012Pre-diabetes represents an elevation of plasma glucose above the normal range but below that of clinical diabetes. Pre-diabetes can be identified as either impaired... (Review)
Review
Pre-diabetes represents an elevation of plasma glucose above the normal range but below that of clinical diabetes. Pre-diabetes can be identified as either impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The latter is detected by oral glucose tolerance testing. Both IFG and IGT are risk factors for type 2 diabetes, and risk is even greater when IFG and IGT occur together. Pre-diabetes commonly associates with the metabolic syndrome. Both in turn are closely associated with obesity. The mechanisms whereby obesity predisposes to pre-diabetes and metabolic syndrome are incompletely understood but likely have a common metabolic soil. Insulin resistance is a common factor; systemic inflammation engendered by obesity may be another. Pre-diabetes has only a minor impact on microvascular disease; glucose-lowering drugs can delay conversion to diabetes, but whether in the long run the drug approach will delay development of microvascular disease is in dispute. To date, the drug approach to prevention of microvascular disease starting with pre-diabetes has not been evaluated. Pre-diabetes carries some predictive power for macrovascular disease, but most of this association appears to be mediated through the metabolic syndrome. The preferred clinical approach to cardiovascular prevention is to treat all the metabolic risk factors. For both pre-diabetes and metabolic syndrome, the desirable approach is lifestyle intervention, especially weight reduction and physical activity. When drug therapy is contemplated and when the metabolic syndrome is present, the primary consideration is prevention of cardiovascular disease. The major targets are elevations of cholesterol and blood pressure.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Prediabetic State; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior
PubMed: 22322078
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.080 -
Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research 2022Prediabetes (PDM) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. The present study evaluated the association between diabetes status...
BACKGROUND
Prediabetes (PDM) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. The present study evaluated the association between diabetes status and radial artery (RA) atherosclerosis using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in ACS patients.
METHODS
A total of 335 ACS patients who underwent RA OCT were categorized into the DM group, the PDM group, and the normal glucose metabolism (NGM) group. OCT characteristics and clinical variables were compared.
RESULTS
RA atherosclerotic plaques were more frequent in the PDM and DM groups than in the NGM group (38.7% vs. 33.3% vs. 16.1%, = 0.001). Lipid and calcified plaque occurrence were significantly more common in the DM group, followed by the PDM and NGM groups (19.3% vs. 14.6% vs. 6.5%, = 0.027; 11.8% vs. 6.5% vs. 1.1%, = 0.009). The prevalence of microvessels in the PDM group was significantly higher (42.7% vs 23.7%, = 0.017) than in the NGM group but was comparable to the DM group. Multivariate analysis revealed that HbA1c level and age were independent predictors of RA plaque formation and eccentric intimal hyperplasia (all <0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
RA atherosclerosis characteristics differ according to diabetes status. HbA1c level could be a useful marker for RA atherosclerosis progression in ACS patients.
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Atherosclerosis; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Vessels; Diabetes Mellitus; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Prediabetic State; Radial Artery; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 35184608
DOI: 10.1177/14791641221078108 -
Journal of Dentistry May 2023The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated to increase with age and can reach 3.5%. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed...
OBJECTIVE
The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated to increase with age and can reach 3.5%. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes in the elderly patients who attended a dental clinic and to find common risk factors.
METHODS
Male patients, older than 50 years, attended their first dental visit to the School of Dentistry for a period of two years, and it was proposed to evaluate undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Periodontal, biochemical, microbiological examinations, nutritional profile, and physical activity were performed.
RESULTS
A total of 106 patients were examined, 6 (5.6%) had diabetes, and 37 (34.9%) had prediabetes without prior diagnosis. The severity of periodontitis was greater in patients with diabetes. Most of the patients were overweight and had increased systolic blood pressure. Patients with prediabetes and periodontitis had a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Tannerella forsythia was present in more patients with periodontitis, and the prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is practically absent in groups with periodontitis, except for the group with diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS
In the population studied, the prevalence of patients without a diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes was very high and underestimated. The increased severity of periodontitis in patients with diabetes and in conjunction with the high level of cortisol seen in patients with periodontitis, especially those with diabetes, emphasize the dysregulation of the immunoinflammatory system.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
It is essential to add all this data to our dental practice to cover patient health with a broader landscape.
Topics: Humans; Male; Aged; Prediabetic State; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prevalence; Periodontitis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36948381
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104480