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Frontiers in Public Health 2023The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a critical factor in women's health, which, in addition to physical inactivity, can be influenced by the body mass index (BMI),...
INTRODUCTION
The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a critical factor in women's health, which, in addition to physical inactivity, can be influenced by the body mass index (BMI), stress, and mental state, among others. The study aimed to assess the severity of PMS symptoms among young women regarding physical inactivity, BMI, mental state, and perceived stress level.
METHODS
A total of 198 female participants between the ages of 18-45 took part in a 6-month cross-sectional online questionnaire study. The average age of the participants was 25.37 ± 4.80 years. To assess physical activity, stress, mental state, and premenstrual symptoms, we employed standard questionnaires, including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and the Premenstrual Assessment Form-Short Form (PAF-SF). The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 28.0 software, with a significance level set at < 0.05.
RESULTS
During the analysis, we observed a significant relationship ( = 0.020) between regular exercise and the severity of PMS symptoms, as well as between mental state and PMS symptoms ( < 0.001). Furthermore, our findings revealed a significant negative correlation between regular physical activity and perceived stress levels (r = -0.179; = 0.012), as well as between regular exercise and the participants' mental state (r = -0.157; = 0.027). Additionally, we identified a significant difference ( < 0.001) among the six subgroups formed based on the PAF-SF and average PSS questionnaire results. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between the PAF-SF case and control groups in terms of BMI averages ( = 0.019).
DISCUSSION
The research findings indicate that the severity of PMS symptoms is influenced by regular physical activity, mental state, and stress.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Body Mass Index; Premenstrual Syndrome; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 37601197
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1223787 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2021Childhood maltreatment history has known relationships with various mental and physical diseases; however, little is known about its association with premenstrual...
Childhood maltreatment history has known relationships with various mental and physical diseases; however, little is known about its association with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). In this study, we investigated the association between childhood maltreatment history and PMS among young women in Japan. In a Japanese city, we approached 3815 women aged 10-60 years who visited a gynecology clinic and one general practice clinic. A questionnaire on childhood maltreatment history and PMS was administered to them. We observed that women with histories of childhood maltreatment demonstrated a significantly increased risk of PMS compared with those without such histories (odds ratio: 1.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-1.81). Particularly, women with childhood physical or emotional abuse demonstrated a stronger association with PMS, whereas other forms of childhood maltreatment (emotional neglect, witnessing of intimate-partner violence, or sexual abuse) were not associated with PMS. Our results illustrate that childhood maltreatment may be a risk factor for PMS.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Child; Child Abuse; Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Japan; Middle Aged; Premenstrual Syndrome; Young Adult
PubMed: 33477613
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020781 -
BMC Women's Health Jun 2021Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a very common problem with symptoms that can negatively affect normal daily life. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the...
BACKGROUND
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a very common problem with symptoms that can negatively affect normal daily life. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PMS symptoms and their relationship with psychosocial status and lifestyle of female students at An-Najah National University in Palestine. A sample of 398 female students was randomly selected to participate in the study. Arabic Premenstrual Scale (A-PMS) was used for PMS assessment. Psychosocial variables were determined using the DASS-21 Arabic version, and dietary habits were measured using a 24 item self-reported questionnaire. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests using SPSS software version 23.
RESULTS
The 398 participants (100%) suffered from some kind of PMS symptoms; 398 (100%) had physical symptoms, 397 (99.7%) had psychological symptoms, and 339 (85.2%) had behavioral PMS symptoms. All PMS symptoms were significantly associated with student psychosocial status (p < 0.01). Preferring a certain type of food during menstruation was significantly related to psychological PMS symptoms (p < 0.001), and physical symptoms (p < 0.01). Following a diet was significantly related to physical symptoms (p < 0.05) and behavioral symptoms (p < 0.001). Moreover, drinking herbal tea was significantly related to physical symptoms (p < 0.001) and behavioral symptoms (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The findings of the study revealed a relatively high prevalence of PMS syndrome with a significant relationship with dietary habits and psychosocial status.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Life Style; Premenstrual Syndrome; Prevalence; Surveys and Questionnaires; Universities
PubMed: 34090416
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01374-6 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2021Most women experience some premenstrual symptoms during their reproductive years. Yet, this is an under-researched health issue, particularly in the context of work....
Most women experience some premenstrual symptoms during their reproductive years. Yet, this is an under-researched health issue, particularly in the context of work. This study aimed to: (i) understand the prevalence and severity of premenstrual symptoms experienced by working females, and their association with key work outcomes; (ii) explore factors that may be influencing these symptoms and their severity; and (iii) examine how organizations might help staff with premenstrual symptoms that may be impacting their working lives. An online, anonymous survey collected quantitative and qualitative data from 125 working women in the UK. Over 90% of the sample reported some premenstrual symptoms; 40% experienced premenstrual symptoms moderately or severely. Higher symptom severity was significantly ( < 0.05) associated with poor presenteeism, intention to reduce working hours, and higher work absence (time off work, being late, leaving early). Moderate/severe symptoms were significantly associated with several individual-related variables: lower perceived general health, higher alcohol consumption, poorer sleep quality, anxiety, depression, hormonal contraception, and using fewer coping approaches towards premenstrual symptoms (avoiding harm, adjusting energy levels); and work-related variables: poorer work-life balance, lower levels of psychological resilience, higher perceived work demands, less control over work. Disclosure of premenstrual symptoms and sickness absence because of premenstrual symptoms was very low, typically because of perceptions of appropriateness as a reason for work absence, gender of line managers (male), and it being a personal or embarrassing topic. Staff with moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms were statistically more likely to disclose reason for absence than those with milder symptoms. Recommendations and suggestions for employers and line managers include the need to train staff to improve knowledge about women's experience of premenstrual symptoms, to be able to communicate effectively with women and to provide tailored support and resources for those who need it. Implications for future research, policy and practice are discussed.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Premenstrual Syndrome; Presenteeism; Prevalence; Surveys and Questionnaires; Workplace
PubMed: 33807463
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073647 -
Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience :... Nov 2000The inclusion of research diagnostic criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition,... (Review)
Review
The inclusion of research diagnostic criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, recognizes the fact that some women have extremely distressing emotional and behavioural symptoms premenstrually. PMDD can be differentiated from premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which presents with milder physical symptoms, headache, and more minor mood changes. In addition, PMDD can be differentiated from premenstrual magnification of physical or psychological symptoms of a concurrent psychiatric or medical disorder. As many as 75% of women with regular menstrual cycles experience some symptoms of PMS, according to epidemiologic surveys. PMDD is much less common; it affects only 3% to 8% of women in this group. The etiology of PMDD is largely unknown, but the current consensus is that normal ovarian function (rather than hormone imbalance) is the cyclical trigger for PMDD-related biochemical events within the central nervous system and other target organs. The serotonergic system is in a close reciprocal relation with the gonadal hormones and has been identified as the most plausible target for interventions. Thus, beyond conservative treatment options such as lifestyle and stress management, other non-antidepressant treatments, or the more extreme intervneitons that eliminate ovulation altogether, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are emerging as the most effective treatment option. Results from several randomized, placebo-controlled trials in women with PMDD have clearly demonstrated that SSRIs have excellent efficacy and minimal side effects. More recently, several preliminary studies indicate that intermittent (premenstrual only) treatment with selective SSRIs is equally effective in these women and, thus, may offer an attractive treatment option for a disorder that is itself intermittent.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Female; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome; Prognosis; Reproduction; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 11109297
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Jan 1979
Topics: Body Weight; Female; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome
PubMed: 570439
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2023The study aimed to determine potential risk factors associated with Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.
AIM
The study aimed to determine potential risk factors associated with Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.
METHODS
Three hundred two female student participants who were 18-45 years old completed a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and a Vietnamese Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool. We then followed up participants during at least two menstrual cycles using the Daily Record of Severity of Problems. The Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder diagnosis was established using The Carolina Premenstrual Assessment Scoring System, based on the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
RESULTS
According to the Carolina Premenstrual Assessment Scoring System, 35 out of 302 students (11.6%; 95%CI: 8.2-15.7%) met the diagnosis of PMS (31 students) or PMDD (4 students). We found that age at menarche (PR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.63-0.96), having negative Rh blood type (PR = 4.43, 95%CI: 1.95 to 10.08), being moderately depressed or higher (PR = 2.81, 95%CI: 1.24 to 6.36), and consuming caffeine more than three times per week were statistically associated with having Premenstrual Syndrome or Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder after adjusting for other variables.
CONCLUSION
The prominent risk factors for Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder were negative Rhesus blood type, menarche age, caffeine consumption, and self-reported depression.
Topics: Humans; Female; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; Cross-Sectional Studies; Students, Medical; Caffeine; Premenstrual Syndrome
PubMed: 36701282
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278702 -
Neuropsychopharmacology Reports Jun 2023Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a clinical condition with physical and psychological symptoms affecting female students' quality of life, social activity, and school...
OBJECTIVE
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a clinical condition with physical and psychological symptoms affecting female students' quality of life, social activity, and school performance. Since most studies have focused on adult women, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of moderate-severe PMS, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), and their related factors in high school students.
METHODS
The participants of this cross-sectional study, conducted in 2019, were 900 high school students in Sari, north of Iran. They were selected by census method from six high schools. Data were collected using Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool and General Health Questionnaire.
RESULTS
The prevalence of moderate-severe PMS and PMDD were 33.9% and 12.3%, respectively. According to the logistic regression model, dysmenorrhea was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of moderate-severe PMS [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.356, confidence interval (CI): 1.706-3.254, p < 0.0001] and PMDD (AOR: 1.924, CI: 1.186-3.120, p = 0.0008). Moreover, optimal general health was associated with a lower prevalence of moderate-severe PMS (AOR: 0.326, CI: 0.221-0.480, p < 0.0001) and PMDD (AOR: 0.309, CI: 0.161-0.593, p < 0.0001). The findings revealed that a family history of PMS and adding excess salt to the food were associated with a higher prevalence of PMDD (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Although many high school students do not meet the criteria for PMDD, many experience PMS, which could be diminished with proper diet and improved general health.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; Cross-Sectional Studies; Quality of Life; Prevalence; Premenstrual Syndrome; Students
PubMed: 37154790
DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12338 -
BMC Women's Health Nov 2023Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects women's physical and mental health. Depression, stress, sleep disturbance, and eating attitude problems have been known to influence...
BACKGROUND
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects women's physical and mental health. Depression, stress, sleep disturbance, and eating attitude problems have been known to influence PMS. Furthermore, restrictions of daily life due to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to changes in sleep patterns and eating attitudes. Thus, it is necessary to closely examine how these factors affect PMS. This study aimed to examine the levels of PMS, stress, depression, sleep disturbance, and eating attitude problems among female college students who experience dysmenorrhea and determine the factors associated with PMS.
METHODS
A cross-sectional online survey design was conducted using a convenience sample of 143 female college students in C City, South Korea. Data were collected from September 1 to 19, 2021 in South Korea using an online self-administered survey. Differences in participants' level of PMS according to physical health variables (e.g., smoking, water intake, menstrual pain intensity) and psychological issues (i.e., stress, depression, sleep disturbances, and eating attitude problems) were assessed with independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVAs. Correlational analyses between these variables were also conducted. Additionally, multiple regression was performed to identify the factors influencing PMS.
RESULTS
PMS severity was between normal (27.3%) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) (72.7%). PMS was associated positively with depression (r = .284, p = 001), stress (r = .274, p = .001), sleep disturbance (r = .440, p < .001), and eating attitude problems (r = .266, p = .001). Additionally, menstrual pain intensity (β = 0.204), sleep disturbances (β = 0.375), and eating attitude problems (β = 0.202) were found to influence PMS. The regression model was significant (F = 16.553, p < .001) with an explanatory power of 24.7%.
CONCLUSIONS
Considering the influencing factors of PMS identified in this study, interventions for participants experiencing PMS should be made. We propose that further study should be conducted to examine whether the severity of PMS changes according to menstrual pain, the pattern and degree of its change, and the paths through which sleep quality and eating attitude problems affect PMS.
Topics: Female; Humans; Dysmenorrhea; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pandemics; Premenstrual Syndrome; Students
PubMed: 37950208
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02752-y -
PloS One 2019To assess whether tobacco smoking is associated with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and its most severe form, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD).
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether tobacco smoking is associated with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and its most severe form, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD).
DESIGN
Case-control study with incident cases using the Spanish public healthcare system.
SETTING
3 major public hospitals and one family counseling and planning center.
POPULATION
Women consulting for troubles related to menstruation and for other motives such as screening for uterine cancer, contraception counseling or desire for pregnancy.
METHODS
Logistic regression.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Odds Ratios of PMS and PMDD.
RESULTS
285 incident PMS cases and 285 age-matched controls on the one hand, and 88 incident PMDD cases and 176 controls on the other hand participated in the study. The odds of premenstrual disorders was higher in current smokers compared with never smokers: Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.78, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.20-2.63 for PMS and OR = 2.92, 95%CI: 1.55-5.50 for PMDD. For PMS, women who smoke 1 to 5 cigarettes/day presented an OR = 2.82, 95%CI: 1.57-5.06 and those who smoke more than 15 cigarettes/day an OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 0.99-6.40. Compared to non-smokers, current and ex-smokers who smoked < 3 pack-years presented an OR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.04-3.08 for PMS, and an OR = 3.06, 95%CI: 1.27-7.35 for PMDD. Smokers of 3 to 8 pack-years presented an OR = 2.34, 95%CI: 1.33-4.13 for PMS and OR = 3.56, 95%CI: 1.55-8.17 for PMDD. These results were confirmed by the exposure-effect curve obtained from a cubic spline model.
CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that smokers are more likely to develop PMS and PMDD.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; Premenstrual Syndrome; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Tobacco Smoking; Tobacco Use; Young Adult
PubMed: 31226148
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218794