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Journal of Bacteriology Nov 1992We cloned and sequenced the Prevotella loescheii gene plaA, which encodes a lectin-like adhesin that mediates the coaggregation of P. loescheii 1295 with Streptococcus... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We cloned and sequenced the Prevotella loescheii gene plaA, which encodes a lectin-like adhesin that mediates the coaggregation of P. loescheii 1295 with Streptococcus oralis 34. A probe derived from the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified adhesin was used to identify the plaA gene from a P. loescheii genomic library constructed in lambda GEM-11. Sequence analysis of plaA indicates that the initial translation product contains a 22-amino-acid leader. The reading frame of the plaA gene is interrupted after amino acid 28 of the mature protein by a TAA termination codon. Amplification of the P. loescheii genomic DNA in the region surrounding this codon by the polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing of the cloned DNA fragment established that this stop codon was not an experimental artifact. A frameshift beginning 29 bp downstream of the ochre terminator was required to access the only large open reading frame in the gene. Amino acid sequences of six purified peptides derived by limited proteolysis of adhesin with endoproteinase Lys-C matched the downstream amino acid sequence derived by translation of the large open reading frame. The gene coding sequence of 2.4 kb contains sufficient information for the synthesis of an 89-kDa protein. A putative rho-independent terminator (delta G = -25.5 kcal/mol [ca. -107 kJ/mol]) was detected 38 bp downstream from the plaA stop codon.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Proteins; Bacteroides; Base Sequence; Blotting, Southern; Calorimetry; Cloning, Molecular; Codon; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Frameshift Mutation; Genes, Bacterial; Genomic Library; Lectins; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Oligonucleotide Probes; Open Reading Frames; Plasmids; Protein Conformation; Restriction Mapping; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Terminator Regions, Genetic
PubMed: 1429455
DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.22.7328-7336.1992 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Oct 2014Smoking has been reported to increase the risk of periodontal disease by disrupting the balance of immune responses and tissue repair processes; however, this risk... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Smoking has been reported to increase the risk of periodontal disease by disrupting the balance of immune responses and tissue repair processes; however, this risk varies among smokers. Cotinine levels in saliva are routinely used to measure the level of smoking, and reflect the quantity of nicotine, and other smoking-related xenobiotics that challenge host systems. This study delineated characteristics of inflammatory mediators in saliva and serum antibody responses to both periodontal pathogens and commensal bacteria in smokers as they related to cotinine levels.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This case-control study (n = 279) examined salivary inflammatory mediator responses [interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-10, prostaglandin E2, myeloperoxidase and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1], and serum IgG antibody responses to three periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomyce-temcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola) and five commensal oral microorganisms (Veillonella parvula, Streptococcus sanguis, Prevotella loescheii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Capnocytophaga ochracea).
RESULTS
The patients were stratified into health (n = 30), gingivitis (n = 55) and periodontitis (n = 184); cotinine levels correlated with reported smoking habits in health, less so with gingivitis, and were not correlated in periodontitis. Of the inflammatory mediators/acute phase proteins, only IL-1ß levels were positively associated (p < 0.001) with the pack years and cotinine levels. As might be predicted, patients with periodontitis smoked more (p < 0.001) and had higher levels of cotinine. IL-1ß and antibody to A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and T. denticola were significantly higher in the patients with periodontitis than either patients with gingivitis or who were healthy.
CONCLUSIONS
Generally, antibody to the pathogens and commensals was lower with decreased cotinine levels. Smoking exacerbated differences in both inflammatory mediators and three antibody in periodontal disease compared to healthy subjects.
Topics: Actinomyces; Adult; Aged; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Antibodies, Bacterial; Capnocytophaga; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Dinoprostone; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Peroxidase; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella; Saliva; Smoking; Streptococcus sanguis; Treponema denticola; Veillonella; Young Adult
PubMed: 24283398
DOI: 10.1111/jre.12146 -
Infection and Immunity Apr 1992Prevotella loescheii PK1295 can grow on native hemoglobin as a source of heme. Supernatants of P. loescheii cultures hemolysed human erythrocytes and degraded native...
Prevotella loescheii PK1295 can grow on native hemoglobin as a source of heme. Supernatants of P. loescheii cultures hemolysed human erythrocytes and degraded native hemoglobin. These combined activities may provide heme (or iron) for the growth of P. loescheii and other dental plaque bacteria.
Topics: Cell Division; Heme; Hemoglobins; Hemolysis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques
PubMed: 1548099
DOI: 10.1128/iai.60.4.1721-1723.1992 -
IDCases 2020Brain abscess (BA) is a rare and life-threatening disease which remains to be a challenge for physicians despite recent advances in both the diagnosis and treatment...
OBJECTIVES
Brain abscess (BA) is a rare and life-threatening disease which remains to be a challenge for physicians despite recent advances in both the diagnosis and treatment strategies. Appropriate management of brain abscesses requires a combined surgical and medical approach to prevent associated life-threatening complications. In clinical practice, new diagnostic techniques, such as metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG), can help physicians identify the causative pathogens of brain abscesses in order to provide early pathogen-targeted therapy.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Here, we report a case of a 27-year-old Chinese woman with a Prevotella loescheii brain abscess into ventricular system. The diagnosis of the causative pathogen was identified by mNGS of abscess drainage fluid, leading to precise and targeted antimicrobial therapy and successful management of the abscess. We, therefor, avoided devastating consequences of the intraventricular rupture of the brain abscess.
CONCLUSION
Appropriate management of BA requires a combination of both surgical and medical approaches. The increasing availability of molecular diagnostic techniques, such as the mNGS that is used to elucidate the microbial composition of the abscesses for definitive diagnosis, is likely to drive the future development of optimal treatment strategies for BA.
PubMed: 32337158
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00758 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Aug 2008This is a case report of septic arthritis of the knee due to Prevotella loescheii, in a patient with advanced arthrosis. Two weeks beforehand he had undergone a dental...
This is a case report of septic arthritis of the knee due to Prevotella loescheii, in a patient with advanced arthrosis. Two weeks beforehand he had undergone a dental root extraction without antibiotic prophylaxis. His knee had become inflamed 48 hours after extraction and he was started on ibuprofen and steroid treatment (prescribed by his primary health care doctor). With a provisional diagnosis of septic arthritis, synovial fluid was taken for study. Antimicrobial therapy was commenced with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and the patient progressed satisfactorily. Prevotella loescheii was identified by anaerobic culture. A site of origin for the infection was never found. Joint infection is generally secondary to haematogenous dissemination of bacteria from habitual sites such as odontogenic locations. We suggest that patients with inflammatory arthropathies should be considered as candidates for antibiotic prophylaxis in oral surgery and invasive dental procedures. We suggest, in these cases, the use of antibiotic with spectrum against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
Topics: Aged; Arthritis, Infectious; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Humans; Knee Joint; Male; Prevotella; Tooth Extraction
PubMed: 18667985
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 1991A rapid method for presumptive identification of black-pigmented gram-negative anaerobic rods was developed. Using filter paper spot tests for indole production,...
A rapid method for presumptive identification of black-pigmented gram-negative anaerobic rods was developed. Using filter paper spot tests for indole production, sialidase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-fucosidase, and trypsinlike enzyme activities, 100% of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Bacteroides levii and 89% of Prevotella corporis isolates were correctly identified to the species level. Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Porphyromonas endodontalis could not be differentiated from each other but could be distinguished from all other species tested. Similarly, Prevotella denticola, Prevotella loescheii, and Prevotella melaninogenica could not be differentiated from each other. The methods described are based on 4-methylumbelliferone derivatives of the various substrates and are simple to perform, rapid (less than 15 min), and applicable to difficult-to-cultivate anaerobic rods.
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glucosidases; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; Hymecromone; Indoles; Neuraminidase; Pigmentation; alpha-L-Fucosidase
PubMed: 1774320
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.29.9.1955-1958.1991 -
Pharmaceutics May 2023Alternative methods to reduce infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens and their virulence factors, biofilm formations, have arisen to reduce the pressure on...
Alternative methods to reduce infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens and their virulence factors, biofilm formations, have arisen to reduce the pressure on existing or currently developed disinfectants and antimicrobial agents. The current strategies for reducing the severity of periodontal pathogen-caused disease by using beneficial bacteria and their metabolites are highly desirable. Probiotic strains of lactobacilli related to foods from Thai-fermented foods were selected and their postbiotic metabolites (PM) were isolated with inhibitory activity on periodontal pathogens and their biofilm formation. The PM from PD18 (PD18 PM) with the highest antagonistic effect against , , and was selected from 139 isolates. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) values of PD18 PM against the pathogens ranged from 1:2 to 1:4. The PD18 PM demonstrated the ability to prevent the biofilm formation of and by showing a significant reduction in viable cells, high percentages of biofilm inhibition at 92.95 and 89.68%, and the highest effective contact times at 5 and 0.5 min, respectively. PD18 PM showed potential as a promising natural adjunctive agent to inhibit periodontal pathogens and their biofilms.
PubMed: 37242661
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051419 -
Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2015The objective of this experiment was to test the effect of a Met analog, 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid (HMTBa), on ruminal fermentation and microbial protein...
The objective of this experiment was to test the effect of a Met analog, 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid (HMTBa), on ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis, nutrient digestibility, urinary N losses, and performance of dairy cows. Eight multiparous lactating Holstein dairy cows were assigned to 4 levels of HMTBa [0 (control), 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15% (dry matter basis)] in a replicated 4×4 Latin square trial. Experimental periods were 28 d, including 21 d for adaptation. Ruminal ammonia and microbial N were labeled through a 6-d intraruminal infusion of (15)NH4Cl, and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen was estimated using the reticular sampling technique. Treatment had no effect on dry matter intake (28.4 to 29.8kg/d), milk yield (44.1 to 45.3kg/d), feed efficiency, and milk composition. Total-tract apparent digestibility of nutrients was generally not affected by treatment, except digestibility of crude protein and starch decreased quadratically with HMTBa supplementation. Fecal, but not urinary, and total excreta N losses were increased quadratically by HMTBa. Ruminal pH, ammonia concentration, protozoal counts, and the major volatile fatty acids were not affected by treatment. Microbial N outflow from the rumen was linearly increased by HMTBa. 2-Hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid linearly increased the proportion of Fecalibacterium and quadratically decreased the proportion of Eubacterium in ruminal contents. Of the individual bacterial species, HMTBa increased or tended to increase Prevotella loescheii and Prevotella oralis. 2-Hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid linearly increased the concentration (and yield) of 15:0 in milk fat. In the conditions of this crossover experiment, HMTBa had no effect on feed intake and performance of dairy cows, decreased dietary crude protein digestibility, and increased microbial N outflow from the rumen.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Bacteria; Butyric Acid; Cattle; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Fats; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Female; Fermentation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactation; Methionine; Milk; Nitrogen; Rumen
PubMed: 25434334
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8904 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Jun 1999OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Rapid ID 32A system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Etoile, France) for the identification of anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli, excluding the Bacteroides...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Rapid ID 32A system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Etoile, France) for the identification of anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli, excluding the Bacteroides fragilis group. METHODS: Five hundred and twenty-eight identified clinical isolates of non-B. fragilis group anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli were tested in the Rapid ID 32A system, and identifications were compared with those obtained with conventional biochemical tests and gas-liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The Rapid ID 32A system correctly identified 280 (60.9%) of the 460 isolates tested for which taxa were included in the database, without the need for additional testing. A further 97 (21.1%) isolates were correctly identified to species level following the performance of complementary tests recommended by the manufacturer. Fifty-nine (12.8%) isolates were identified at the genus level only, and 21 (4.6%) were misidentified at the species level. Three isolates of Prevotella were not identified by the system. Of the 68 isolates belonging to taxa not included in the database, no identification was obtained for 33 (48.5%), while 35 (51.5%) were misidentified. CONCLUSIONS: The Rapid ID 32A system provided a rapid and reliable method for the identification of non-B. fragilis group, anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli to the genus level, while the success of species-level identification varied with different taxa. There was poor discrimination between Fusobacterium nucleatum and F. necrophorum, between Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Porphyromonas endodontalis, and between Prevotella buccalis, Prevotella denticola, Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella melaninogenica and Prevotella oralis. The need to perform conventional complementary tests on 149 (32.4%) of the 460 isolates compromised the usefulness of the system for rapid species identification.
PubMed: 11856276
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.1999.tb00150.x -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 1986The RapID-ANA System (Innovative Diagnostics Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) was used to test 102 strains of 14 species of phenotypically similar bile-inhibited Bacteroides...
The RapID-ANA System (Innovative Diagnostics Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) was used to test 102 strains of 14 species of phenotypically similar bile-inhibited Bacteroides from humans. Bacteroides oris, Bacteroides veroralis, Bacteroides buccalis, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides loescheii, and Bacteroides denticola had very similar enzyme activity profiles. Clear differentiation of these six species by the RapID-ANA System was not possible, but tests for arginine aminopeptidase and beta-glucosidase were helpful. Bacteroides oralis, Bacteroides intermedius, Bacteroides corporis, Bacteroides disiens, Bacteroides bivius, Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides asaccharolyticus, and Bacteroides buccae each had unique enzyme activity profiles. No consistent differences in enzyme activities were found between the two DNA homology groups within Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides loescheii, or Bacteroides intermedius. Tests for glycine aminopeptidase, alpha-galactosidase, arginine aminopeptidase, alpha-fucosidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, reduction of triphenyltetrazolium, and production of indole were helpful in the differentiation of the species studied.
Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Aminopeptidases; Bacteroides; Bile; Humans; Hydrolases; Prevotella melaninogenica; Species Specificity; Tetrazolium Salts; Tryptophanase; alpha-Galactosidase; alpha-L-Fucosidase
PubMed: 2871042
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.23.2.289-293.1986