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Oncotarget Aug 2016As there are millions of cancer deaths every year, it is of great value to identify applicable prognostic biomarkers. As an important alarm, the prognostic role of high... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
As there are millions of cancer deaths every year, it is of great value to identify applicable prognostic biomarkers. As an important alarm, the prognostic role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in cancer remains controversial. We aim to assess the association of HMGB1 expression with prognosis in cancer patients. Systematic literature searches of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were performed for eligible studies of HMGB1 as prognostic factor in cancer. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the influence of HMGB1 expression on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in cancer patients. 18 studies involving 11 different tumor types were included in meta-analysis. HMGB1 overexpression was significantly associated with poorer OS (HR: 1.99; 95% CI, 1.71-2.31) and PFS (HR: 2.26; 95% CI, 1.65-3.10) irrespective of cancer types including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and cervical carcinoma. Subgroup analyses indicated geographical area and size of studies did not affect the prognostic effects of HMGB1 for OS. Morever, HMGB1 overexpression had a consistent correlation with poorer OS when detected by immunohistochemistry in tissues and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum, whereas the correlation did not exist by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in tissues. HMGB1 overexpression is associated with poorer prognosis in patients with various types of cancer, suggesting that it is a prognostic factor and potential biomarker for survival in cancer.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Disease-Free Survival; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Geography; HMGB1 Protein; Humans; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27391431
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10413 -
The Oncologist Apr 2022Many candidate surrogate endpoints are currently assessed using a 2-level statistical approach, which consists in checking whether (1) the potential surrogate is... (Review)
Review
Many candidate surrogate endpoints are currently assessed using a 2-level statistical approach, which consists in checking whether (1) the potential surrogate is associated with the final endpoint in individual patients and (2) the effect of treatment on the surrogate can be used to reliably predict the effect of treatment on the final endpoint. In some situations, condition (1) is fulfilled but condition (2) is not. We use concepts of causal inference to explain this apparently paradoxical situation, illustrating this review with 2 contrasting examples in operable breast cancer: the example of pathological complete response (pCR) and that of disease-free survival (DFS). In a previous meta-analysis, pCR has been shown to be a strong and independent prognostic factor for event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) after neoadjuvant treatment of operable breast cancer. Yet, in randomized trials, the effects of experimental treatments on pCR have not translated into predictable effects on EFS or OS, making pCR an "individual-level" surrogate, but not a "trial-level" surrogate. In contrast, DFS has been shown to be an acceptable surrogate for OS at both the individual and trial levels in early, HER2-positive breast cancer. The distinction between the prognostic and predictive roles of a tentative surrogate, not always made in the literature, avoids unnecessary confusion and allows better understanding of what it takes to validate a surrogate endpoint that is truly able to replace a final endpoint.
Topics: Biomarkers; Breast Neoplasms; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Prognosis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35380717
DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac006 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Sep 2021
Topics: ErbB Receptors; Humans; Prognosis
PubMed: 32891454
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.07.085 -
Technology in Cancer Research &... 2022Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumor globally in terms of morbidity and mortality. The presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an independent... (Review)
Review
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumor globally in terms of morbidity and mortality. The presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in cervical cancer patients. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system was revised in 2018. An important revision designates patients with regional LNM as stage IIIC, pelvic LNM only as stage IIIC1, and para-aortic LNM as stage IIIC2. However, the current staging system is only based on the anatomical location of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs). It does not consider other LN status parameters, which may limit its prognostic significance to a certain extent and needs further exploration and confirmation in the future. The purpose of this review is to summarize the choice of treatment for stage IIIC cervical cancer and the effect of different LN status parameters on prognosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 35341413
DOI: 10.1177/15330338221086403 -
Cancer Medicine Mar 2023We investigated risk factors influencing the outcome of unexpected ovarian carcinomas. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
We investigated risk factors influencing the outcome of unexpected ovarian carcinomas.
METHODS
We reviewed the ovarian carcinoma patients treated at atertiary medical institution between 2000 and 2017 and analyze the clinico-pathological characteristics, treatment strategies, recurrence status, and outcome.
RESULTS
A total of 112 women (65 primary laparoscopic surgery [LSC] and 47 laparotomic surgery [LAPA]) were included in the analysis. The LSC group had smaller ovarian tumors (10.5 ± 7.3 cm vs. 16.6 ± 8.7 cm, p = 0.031) and higher incidence of subsequent staging surgery (56.9% vs. 25.5%, p = 0.0001) compared to the LAPA group. There were 98/112 (86.6%) of early stages (I/II) diseases. The difference between the recurrent rate (27.7% vs. 31.9%), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were not significant among surgical groups. In the multivariate analysis, FIGO stage (stage II hazard ratio [HR] 6.61, p = 0.007; stage III HR 8.40, p = 0.002) was the only prognostic factor for DFS. FIGO stage (stage II HR 20.78, p = 0.0001; stage III HR 7.99, p = 0.017), histological type (mucinous HR 12.49, p = 0.036), and tumor grade (grade 3 HR 35.01, p = 0.003) were independent prognostic factors for OS, while women with latency >28 days from primary to staging surgery had significantly poorer OS (p = 0.008). Women with latency >28 days between primary surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy had similar DFS (p = 0.31) and a trend of poorer OS (p = 0.064).
CONCLUSIONS
The prognosis of unexpected ovarian cancer is independent from the primary surgical procedure and comprehensive staging surgery should be performed at close proximity after the diagnosis of unexpected ovarian malignancy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Prognosis; Neoplasm Staging; Ovarian Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Disease-Free Survival; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36366751
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5415 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... 2015Sarcopenia, characterized by a decline of skeletal muscle plus low muscle strength and/or physical performance, has emerged to be an important prognostic factor for... (Review)
Review
Sarcopenia, characterized by a decline of skeletal muscle plus low muscle strength and/or physical performance, has emerged to be an important prognostic factor for advanced cancer patients. It is associated with poor performance status, toxicity from chemotherapy, and shorter time of tumor control. There is limited data about sarcopenia in cancer patients and associated factors. Moreover, the knowledge about the changes of muscle mass during chemotherapy and its impact to response and toxicity to chemotherapy is still lacking. This review aimed to provide understanding about sarcopenia and to emphasize its importance to cancer treatment.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 26745041
DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8075 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2023Anesthetic drugs had been reported may impact the bio-behavior of the tumor. Propofol and sevoflurane are common anesthetics in the operation for glioblastoma (GBM)....
OBJECTIVES
Anesthetic drugs had been reported may impact the bio-behavior of the tumor. Propofol and sevoflurane are common anesthetics in the operation for glioblastoma (GBM). This study aims to establish a co-expression prognostic-related genes signature base on propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in GBM.
METHOD
GPM tissues with different anesthetics gene expression profiles (GSE179004) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Core modules and central genes associated with propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia were identified by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and establish a risk score prognostic model. Immune cell signature analysis in TCGA datasets was predicted via CIBERSORT. At last, serum methylation level of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter was detected in GPM patient in different time during perioperative period.
RESULTS
The burlywood1 group screened was significantly associated with sevoflurane-treated GBM tissue. 22 independent prognostic differential genes were construct a prognostic-related genes risk score in GBM, and showed good predictive ability. The risk score was strongly correlated with the age of the patients, but not with the sex of the patients. In addition, the differential responses to immunotherapy in high and low risk groups were analyzed, indicating that sevoflurane signature genes were consistent in the classification of gliomas. High-risk patients have high T-cell damage score and are less sensitive to immunotherapy. At last, serum methylation level of MGMT promoter was decreased in GBM patients during propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia.
CONCLUSIONS
Propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia associated impact on the gene expression of GBM, included the methylation level of MGMT promoter. Propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia-based risk score prognostic model, which has good prognostic power and is an independent prognostic factor in GBM patients. Therefore, this model can be used as a new biomarker for judging the prognosis of GBM patients.KEY MESSAGESPropofol and sevoflurane anesthesia-based risk score prognostic model has good prognostic power and is an independent prognostic factor in GBM patients.High Propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia-based risk score GBM patients have high T-cell damage scores and are less sensitive to immunotherapy.Serum methylation level of MGMT promoter decrease during propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia in GBM patients.
Topics: Humans; Glioblastoma; Propofol; Sevoflurane; Prognosis; Anesthesia; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 36856519
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2171109 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Feb 2017More than 90% of all thyroid cancers are differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) with a 10 year survival rate greater than 90%. The commonly used risk stratification... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
More than 90% of all thyroid cancers are differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) with a 10 year survival rate greater than 90%. The commonly used risk stratification systems for DTC include: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), AGES (Age, histologic Grade, Extent of tumor, Size), AMES (Metastasis) and MACIS (Completeness of resection, local Invasion). Other systems are also utilized. Several new factors that may be involved in DTC risk stratification have emerged in recent studies, with other "traditional" factors being challenged.
OBJECTIVES
To present recent updates in the literature on new potential prognostic factors for DTC.
METHODS
We conducted a literature review and analysis of publications regarding DTC prognostic factors or risk stratification published in the last 10 years.
RESULTS
Several new factors with potential prognostic implications for DTC were noted, including family history, lymph node involvement parameters, positive PET-CT findings, multifocal disease, thyroglobulin level and several molecular markers including BRAF. Increasing age is associated with poorer outcome in DTC; however, recent studies suggest that the cutoff point of 45 years may be contested. Furthermore, several studies have shown contradictory results regarding male gender as a negative prognostic factor, thus questioning its prognostic significance.
CONCLUSIONS
A number of new factors with potential prognostic implications for DTC have emerged and should be addressed. However, their role and possible inclusion in new staging systems has yet to be determined.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Humans; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Survival Rate; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 28457063
DOI: No ID Found -
Oral Oncology Dec 2022The carotid space is an integral part of the parapharyngeal space, with ambiguous prognostic value for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to...
OBJECTIVES
The carotid space is an integral part of the parapharyngeal space, with ambiguous prognostic value for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of carotid space involvement (CSI) and propose a treatment strategy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective study enrolled 792 patients with biopsy-confirmed, non-distant metastatic NPC staged by magnetic resonance imaging before treatment. We used multivariable Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier methods to assess the association between the variables and survival outcomes. A matched-pair method (1:1) was used to compare the survival differences between the patients with CSI treated with induction chemotherapy (ICT)and that of those who were not.
RESULTS
The incidence rate of CSI was 21.7 % (172/792). Multivariate analysis revealed that CSI was not an independent prognostic factor for survival outcomes in the 792 patients with NPC; however, the Chi-square test showed a different distribution of treatment strategies with ICT for patients with and without CSI. After stratification by ICT, CSI was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) (p = 0.049) in patients without ICT, but not for distant metastasis-free, local recurrence-free, or progression-free survival (p˃0.05). Additionally, ICT improved OS in patients with CSI (hazard ratio, 0.42; p = 0.019). Matched pair analysis showed that patients with CSI gained prolonged OS from ICT compared with the non-ICT group (88.4 % vs 69.4 %, p = 0.028).
CONCLUSION
CSI was an independent negative prognostic factor for OS in patients with NPC without ICT and might be an imaging marker for identifying eligible candidates for ICT.
Topics: Humans; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Induction Chemotherapy; Parapharyngeal Space; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 36343502
DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106230 -
British Journal of Cancer Nov 2018Cancer prognostic biomarkers have shown disappointing clinical applicability. The objective of this study was to classify and estimate how study results are...
BACKGROUND
Cancer prognostic biomarkers have shown disappointing clinical applicability. The objective of this study was to classify and estimate how study results are overinterpreted and misreported in prognostic factor studies in oncology.
METHODS
This systematic review focused on 17 oncology journals with an impact factor above 7. PubMed was searched for primary clinical studies published in 2015, evaluating prognostic factors. We developed a classification system, focusing on three domains: misleading reporting (selective, incomplete reporting, misreporting), misleading interpretation (unreliable statistical analysis, spin) and misleading extrapolation of the results (claiming irrelevant clinical applicability, ignoring uncertainty).
RESULTS
Our search identified 10,844 articles. The 98 studies included investigated a median of two prognostic factors (Q1-Q3, 1-7). The prognostic factors' effects were selectively and incompletely reported in 35/98 and 24/98 full texts, respectively. Twenty-nine articles used linguistic spin in the form of strong statements. Linguistic spin rejecting non-significant results was found in 34 full-text results and 15 abstract results sections. One in five articles had discussion and/or abstract conclusions that were inconsistent with the study findings. Sixteen reports had discrepancies between their full-text and abstract conclusions.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides evidence of frequent overinterpretation of findings of prognostic factor assessment in high-impact medical oncology journals.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 30353050
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0305-5