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Advances in Physiology Education Jun 2016We have developed and validated a conceptual framework for understanding and teaching organismal homeostasis at the undergraduate level. The resulting homeostasis...
We have developed and validated a conceptual framework for understanding and teaching organismal homeostasis at the undergraduate level. The resulting homeostasis conceptual framework details critical components and constituent ideas underlying the concept of homeostasis. It has been validated by a broad range of physiology faculty members from community colleges, primarily undergraduate institutions, research universities, and medical schools. In online surveys, faculty members confirmed the relevance of each item in the framework for undergraduate physiology and rated the importance and difficulty of each. The homeostasis conceptual framework was constructed as a guide for teaching and learning of this critical core concept in physiology, and it also paves the way for the development of a concept inventory for homeostasis.
Topics: Educational Measurement; Faculty; Homeostasis; Humans; Physiology; Program Development; Reproducibility of Results; Students, Health Occupations; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 27105740
DOI: 10.1152/advan.00103.2015 -
American Journal of Pharmaceutical... May 2017An integrated curriculum that does not incorporate equally integrated assessment strategies is likely to prove ineffective in achieving the desired educational outcomes.... (Review)
Review
An integrated curriculum that does not incorporate equally integrated assessment strategies is likely to prove ineffective in achieving the desired educational outcomes. We suggest it is time for colleges and schools of pharmacy to re-engineer their approach to assessment. To build the case, we first discuss the challenges leading to the need for curricular developments in pharmacy education. We then turn to the literature that informs how assessment can influence learning, introduce an approach to learning assessment that is being used by several medical education programs, and provide some examples of this approach in operation. Finally, we identify some of the challenges faced in adopting such an integrated approach to assessment and suggest that this is an area ripe with research opportunities for pharmacy educators.
Topics: Curriculum; Education, Pharmacy; Educational Status; Formative Feedback; Humans; Learning; Program Development
PubMed: 28630518
DOI: 10.5688/ajpe81477 -
Perspectives on Medical Education Feb 2020The longitudinal integrated clerkship is a model of clinical medical education that is increasingly employed by medical schools around the world. These guidelines are... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The longitudinal integrated clerkship is a model of clinical medical education that is increasingly employed by medical schools around the world. These guidelines are a result of a narrative review of the literature which considered the question of how to maximize the sustainability of a new longitudinal integrated clerkship program.
METHOD
All four authors have practical experience of establishing longitudinal integrated clerkship programs. Each author individually constructed their Do's, Don'ts and Don't Knows and the literature that underpinned them. The lists were compiled and revised in discussion and a final set of guidelines was agreed. A statement of the strength of the evidence is included for each guideline.
RESULTS
The final set of 18 Do's, Don'ts and Don't Knows is presented with an appraisal of the evidence for each one.
CONCLUSION
Implementing a longitudinal integrated clerkship is a complex process requiring the involvement of a wide group of stakeholders in both hospitals and communities. The complexity of the change management processes requires careful and sustained attention, with a particular focus on the outcomes of the programs for students and the communities in which they learn. Effective and consistent leadership and adequate resourcing are important. There is a need to select teaching sites carefully, involve students and faculty in allocation of students to sites and support students and faculty though the implementation phase and beyond. Work is needed to address the Don't Knows, in particular the question of how cost-effectiveness is best measured.
Topics: Clinical Clerkship; Education, Medical, Graduate; Humans; Program Development; Program Evaluation
PubMed: 31953655
DOI: 10.1007/s40037-019-00558-z -
International Journal of Technology... Jan 2018The aim of this study was to describe the historical development of the HTAsiaLink network, draw lessons for other similar initiatives globally, and to analyze key...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to describe the historical development of the HTAsiaLink network, draw lessons for other similar initiatives globally, and to analyze key determinants of its success and challenges for its future development.
METHODS
This study is based on the collective and direct experiences of the founding members of the HTAsiaLink Network. Data were collected from presentations they made at various international forums and additional information was reviewed. Data analysis was done using the framework developed by San Martin-Rodriguez et al.Results and Conclusions:HTAsiaLink is a network of health technology assessment (HTA) agencies in Asia established in 2011 with the aim of strengthening individual and institutional HTA capacity, reducing duplication and optimizing resources, transfer and sharing of HTA-related lessons among members, and beyond. During its 6 years, the network has expanded, initiating several capacity building activities and joint-research projects, raising awareness of the importance of HTA within the region and beyond, and gaining global recognition while establishing relationships with other global networks. The study identifies the determinants of success of the collaboration. The systemic factors include the favorable outlook toward HTA as an approach for healthcare priority setting in countries with UHC mandates. On organizational factors, the number of newly established HTA agencies in the region with similar needs for capacity building and peer-to-peer support was catalytic for the network development. The interactional aspects include ownership, trust, and team spirit among network members. The network, however, faces challenges notably, financial sustainability and management of the expanded network.
Topics: Asia; Capacity Building; Cooperative Behavior; Diffusion of Innovation; Health Priorities; Humans; Information Dissemination; Program Development; Technology Assessment, Biomedical
PubMed: 29911515
DOI: 10.1017/S0266462318000223 -
Annals of Global Health 2021Partnerships are essential to creating effective global health leadership training programs. Global pandemics, including the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and more recently the...
INTRODUCTION
Partnerships are essential to creating effective global health leadership training programs. Global pandemics, including the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and more recently the COVID-19 pandemic, have tested the impact and stability of healthcare systems. Partnerships must be fostered to prepare the next generation of leaders to collaborate effectively and improve health globally.
OBJECTIVES
We provide key matrices that predict success of partnerships in building global health leadership capacity. We highlight opportunities and challenges to building effective partnerships and provide recommendations to promote development of equitable and mutually beneficial partnerships.
FINDINGS
Critical elements for effective partnership when building global health leadership capacity include shared strategic vision, transparency and excellent communication, as well as intentional monitoring and evaluation of the partnership, not just the project or program. There must be recognition that partnerships can be unpredictable and unequal, especially if the end is not defined early on. Threats to equitable and effective partnerships include funding and co-funding disparities between partners from high-income and low-income countries, inequalities, unshared vision and priorities, skewed decision-making levels, and limited flexibility to minimize inequalities and make changes. Further, imbalances in power, privilege, position, income levels, and institutional resources create opportunities for exploitation of partners, particularly those in low-income countries, which widens the disparities and limits success and sustainability of partnerships. These challenges to effective partnering create the need for objective documentation of disparities at all stages, with key milestones to assess success and the environment to sustain the partnerships and their respective goals.
CONCLUSIONS
Developing effective and sustainable partnerships requires a commitment to equality from the start by all partners and an understanding that there will be challenges that could derail otherwise well-intended partnerships. Guidelines and training on evaluation of partnerships exist and should be used, including generic indicators of equity, mutual benefit, and the added value of partnering.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Effective partnerships in building global health leadership capacity require shared strategic vision and intentional monitoring and evaluation of goalsInequalities in partnerships may arise from disparities in infrastructure, managerial expertise, administrative and leadership capacity, as well as limited mutual benefit and mutual respectTo promote equitable and effective partnerships, it is critical to highlight and monitor key measures for success of partnerships at the beginning of each partnership and regularly through the lifetime of the partnership.We recommend that partnerships should have legal and financial laws through executed memoranda of understanding, to promote accountability and facilitate objective monitoring and evaluation of the partnership itself.More research is needed to understand better the contextual predictors of the broader influence and sustainability of partnership networks in global health leadership training.
Topics: Communication; Global Health; Humans; International Cooperation; Leadership; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Public-Private Sector Partnerships; Stakeholder Participation
PubMed: 34307069
DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3214 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Feb 2012
Topics: Biomedical Research; Family Practice; Humans; Informed Consent; Primary Health Care; Program Development; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 22337736
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Graduate Medical Education Dec 2015Residency is an intense period. Challenges, including burnout, arise as new physicians develop their professional identities. Residency programs provide remediation, but...
BACKGROUND
Residency is an intense period. Challenges, including burnout, arise as new physicians develop their professional identities. Residency programs provide remediation, but emotional support for interns is often limited. Professional development coaching of interns, regardless of their performance, has not been reported.
OBJECTIVE
Design, implement, and evaluate a program to support intern professional development through positive psychology coaching.
METHODS
We implemented a professional development coaching program in a large residency program. The program included curriculum development, coach-intern interactions, and evaluative metrics. A total of 72 internal medicine interns and 26 internal medicine faculty participated in the first year. Interns and coaches were expected to meet quarterly; expected time commitments per year were 9 hours (per individual coached) for coaches, 5 1/2 hours for each individual coachee, and 70 hours for the director of the coaching program. Coaches and interns were asked to complete 2 surveys in the first year and to participate in qualitative interviews.
RESULTS
Eighty-two percent of interns met with their coaches 3 or more times. Coaches and their interns assessed the program in multiple dimensions (participation, program and professional activities, burnout, coping, and coach-intern communication). Most of the interns (94%) rated the coaching program as good or excellent, and 96% would recommend this program to other residency programs. The experience of burnout was lower in this cohort compared with a prior cohort.
CONCLUSIONS
There is early evidence that a coaching program of interactions with faculty trained in positive psychology may advance intern development and partially address burnout.
Topics: Burnout, Professional; Clinical Competence; Humans; Internal Medicine; Internship and Residency; Organizational Innovation; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Staff Development
PubMed: 26692977
DOI: 10.4300/JGME-D-14-00791.1 -
American Journal of Pharmaceutical... Oct 2014To evaluate the outcomes of alumni who were enrolled in a professional development seminar series during their doctor of pharmacy program.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the outcomes of alumni who were enrolled in a professional development seminar series during their doctor of pharmacy program.
DESIGN
A weekly development seminar series was administered over 5 semesters with the goal of bringing academic advisees together to help develop performance-based abilities, prepare them for entry into the profession after graduation, and provide exposure to different career opportunities.
ASSESSMENT
A survey instrument containing 39 Likert-type scale items, 2 open-ended questions, and a 10-item demographic survey was created and content-validated to assess the effect of the seminar series on alumni advisees' perceived outcomes and professional development since their graduation. The survey was electronically forwarded to advisees from the graduating classes of 2005 to 2012, and response data was collected with Qualtrics, a web-based survey service. A total of 36 percent of alumni responded to the survey. Respondents cited exposure to career alternatives and opportunities, development of presentation and communication skills, networking, and the importance of advisor/mentor relationships as benefits of the seminar series.
CONCLUSION
The professional development seminar series has demonstrated a positive impact on alumni advisees' career development and professional outcomes, most notably relating to career path exposure, communication skills, and advisor/mentor relationships.
Topics: Adult; Data Collection; Education, Pharmacy, Continuing; Female; Humans; Male; Pharmacists; Program Development; Young Adult
PubMed: 25386015
DOI: 10.5688/ajpe788150 -
Implementation Science : IS Sep 2015Implementation fidelity is critical to the internal and external validity of implementation research. Much of what is written about implementation fidelity addresses... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Implementation fidelity is critical to the internal and external validity of implementation research. Much of what is written about implementation fidelity addresses fidelity of evidence-informed interventions rather than fidelity of implementation strategies. The documentation and reporting of fidelity to implementation strategies requires attention. Therefore, in this scoping review, we identify the extent and quality of documentation and reporting of fidelity of implementation strategies that were used to implement evidence-informed interventions.
METHODS
A six-stage methodological framework for scoping studies guided our work. Studies were identified from the outputs of the Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) review group within the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. EPOC's primary focus, implementation strategies influencing provider behavior change, optimized our ability to identify articles for inclusion. We organized the retrieved articles from the systematic reviews by journal and selected the three journals with the largest number of retrieved articles. Using a data extraction tool, we organized retrieved article data from these three journals. In addition, we summarized implementation strategies using the EPOC categories. Data extraction pertaining to the quality of reporting the fidelity of implementation strategies was facilitated with an "Implementation Strategy Fidelity Checklist" based on definitions adapted from Dusenbury et al. We conducted inter-rater reliability checks for all of the independently scored articles. Using linear regression, we assessed the fidelity scores in relation to the publication year.
RESULTS
Seventy-two implementation articles were included in the final analysis. Researchers reported neither fidelity definitions nor conceptual frameworks for fidelity in any articles. The most frequently employed implementation strategies included distribution of education materials (n = 35), audit and feedback (n = 32), and educational meetings (n = 25). Fidelity of implementation strategies was documented in 51 (71 %) articles. Inter-rater reliability coefficients of the independent reviews for each component of fidelity were as follows: adherence = 0.85, dose = 0.89, and participant responsiveness = 0.96. The mean fidelity score was 2.6 (SD = 2.25). We noted a statistically significant decline in fidelity scores over time.
CONCLUSIONS
In addition to identifying the under-reporting of fidelity of implementation strategies in the health literature, we developed and tested a simple checklist to assess the reporting of fidelity of implementation strategies. More research is indicated to assess the definitions and scoring schema of this checklist. Careful reporting of details about fidelity of implementation strategies will make an important contribution to implementation science.
Topics: Documentation; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Observer Variation; Program Development
PubMed: 26345357
DOI: 10.1186/s13012-015-0320-3 -
Midwifery Mar 2018In 2015, the International Confederation of Midwives launched the Midwifery Services Framework: a new evidence-based tool to guide countries through the process of...
In 2015, the International Confederation of Midwives launched the Midwifery Services Framework: a new evidence-based tool to guide countries through the process of improving their sexual, reproductive, maternal and newborn health services through strengthening and developing the midwifery workforce. The Midwifery Services Framework is aligned with key global architecture for sexual, reproductive, maternal and newborn health and human resources for health, and with the recommendations of the 2014 Lancet Series on Midwifery. This second in a series of three papers describes the process of implementing the Midwifery Services Framework: the preparatory work, what happens at each stage of implementation and who should be involved at each stage. It gives an idea of the scale of the task, and the resources that will be required to implement the Midwifery Services Framework in a given country context. The paper will be of interest to health policy-makers, development partners and professional associations in countries considering different approaches to strengthening their sexual, reproductive, maternal and newborn health services, and it will help them to decide whether and when either full or partial/staged implementation of the Midwifery Services Framework will be an appropriate initiative to address identified deficits in their specific context, given the current and projected availability of resources.
Topics: Female; Humans; Maternal Health Services; Midwifery; Pregnancy; Program Development
PubMed: 29329025
DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2017.12.013