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Magyar Onkologia Mar 2019As a result of the growing incidence of cancer as well as increased survival of patients, an increasing number of people are living longer with cancer. In recent years,... (Review)
Review
As a result of the growing incidence of cancer as well as increased survival of patients, an increasing number of people are living longer with cancer. In recent years, research has shown that physical activity not only protects against a number of cancer types, but is also valuable for patients undergoing cancer treatment and during the rehabilitation phase, as well as for improving function and quality of life. Regular physical activity is an effective way to reduce the side effects of cancer, resulting in part from physical inactivity and in part from the disease itself. Too much rest can lead to a decrease in aerobic fitness, strength, mobility and unwanted weight gain in the patient. In prostate cancer patients, hormonal treatment especially accelerates this process. In this paper we summarize the available evidence concerning the role of exercise in prostate cancer prevention, treatment and rehabilitation.
Topics: Exercise; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Quality of Life
PubMed: 30889622
DOI: No ID Found -
The Prostate Feb 2019The 2018 Coffey-Holden Prostate Cancer Academy (CHPCA) Meeting, "Tumor Cell Heterogeneity and Resistance," was held in Los Angeles, California from June 21 to 24, 2018. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The 2018 Coffey-Holden Prostate Cancer Academy (CHPCA) Meeting, "Tumor Cell Heterogeneity and Resistance," was held in Los Angeles, California from June 21 to 24, 2018.
METHODS
The CHPCA Meeting is a unique, discussion-oriented scientific conference convened annually by the Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF), which focuses on the most critical topics in need of further study to advance the treatment of lethal prostate cancer. The 6th Annual CHPCA Meeting was attended by 70 investigators and concentrated on prostate cancer heterogeneity and treatment resistance.
RESULTS
The meeting focused on topics including: recognition of tumor heterogeneity, molecular drivers of heterogeneity, the role of the tumor microenvironment, the role of heterogeneity in disease progression, metastasis and treatment resistance, clinical trials designed to target resistance and tumor heterogeneity, and immunotherapeutic approaches to target and overcome tumor heterogeneity.
DISCUSSION
This review article summarizes the presentations and discussions from the 2018 CHPCA Meeting in order to share this knowledge with the scientific community and encourage new studies that will lead to improved treatments and outcomes for men with prostate cancer.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant
PubMed: 30381857
DOI: 10.1002/pros.23729 -
Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) Feb 2022The excessive accumulation of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol have been linked to prostate cancer (Pca). Here, we found that lipoproteins, apolipoproteins,...
The excessive accumulation of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol have been linked to prostate cancer (Pca). Here, we found that lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, triglycerides and free fatty acids are significantly higher in the peripheral blood of prostate cancer patients than in non-cancer patients. Furthermore, the expression of ACC1, FASN and HMGCR is significantly higher in prostate cancer tissues than that in non-cancer tissues, and positively correlated with the gleason score. Using genetically engineered mouse models, we found that in a mouse model of high grade prostatic intraneoplasia (HGPIN), a combination of fatty acid synthase (FASN) overexpression and cholesterol efflux pump (Abca1) knockout resulted in the progression of prostatic intraneoplasia (PIN) to invasive PCa with 100% penetrance, as well as an increase in prostate cancer stem cell (PCSC)population, accompanied by activation of PGE and TGF-β signaling pathway. Our study suggests that the steady rise in prostate cancer incidence and mortality among Chinese population during the last several decades may be attribute to a combinational effect of fatty acid and cholesterol, and reduction in dietary fat and cholesterol intake could slow down the progression from occult lesions to prostate cancer.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cholesterol; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Disease Susceptibility; Fatty Acids; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Mice; Prostatic Neoplasms; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34954451
DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.11.004 -
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Apr 2020From a clinical perspective, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a valuable target for both diagnosis and radioligand therapy (RLT) of prostate cancer. The term... (Review)
Review
From a clinical perspective, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a valuable target for both diagnosis and radioligand therapy (RLT) of prostate cancer. The term 'specific' has been used to characterize a histologic hallmark of overexpression in the membrane of most prostate cancer. Many PSMA ligands have been developed since the previous decade and have been used in several clinical trials and clinical studies. However, procedure, specification, protocol, interpretation criteria, radiation dose, and cost-effectiveness of PSMA ligands have not been fully explained. Regardless of worldwide use of promising PSMA-ligand PET and RLT, it has not been approved in Japan. Expedited introduction of PSMA-ligand PET and RLT to Japan and implementation of clinical study are eager for many patients with prostate cancer.
Topics: Humans; Ligands; Male; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 32147685
DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa004 -
Ontario Health Technology Assessment... 2017Men with low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer are typically asked to choose from a variety of treatment options, including active surveillance, radical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Men with low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer are typically asked to choose from a variety of treatment options, including active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, or brachytherapy. The Prolaris cell cycle progression test is intended to provide additional information on personal risk status to assist men with prostate cancer in their choice of treatment. To assist with assessing that new technology, this report synthesizes qualitative research on how men with prostate cancer use information to make decisions about treatment options.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis to retrieve and synthesize findings across primary qualitative studies that report on patient perspectives during prostate cancer treatment decision-making.
RESULTS
Of 8,610 titles and abstracts reviewed, 29 studies are included in this report. Most men diagnosed with prostate cancer express that their information-seeking pathway extends beyond the medical information received from their health care provider. They access other social resources to attain additional medical information, lived-experience information, and medical administrative information to help support their final treatment decision. Men value privacy, trust, honesty, control, power, organization, and open communication during interactions with their health care providers. They also emphasize the importance of gaining comfort with their treatment choice, having a chance to confirm their health care provider's recommendations (validation of treatment plan), and exercising their preferred level of independence in the treatment decision-making process.
CONCLUSIONS
Although each prostate cancer patient is unique, studies suggest that most patients seek extensive information to help inform their treatment decisions. This may happen before, during, and after the treatment choice is made. Given the amount of information patients may access, it is important that they also establish the trustworthiness of the various types and sources of information. When information conflicts, patients may be unsure about how to proceed. Open collaboration between patients and their health care providers can help patients manage and navigate their concerns so that their values and perspectives are captured in their treatment choices.
Topics: Cell Proliferation; Clinical Decision-Making; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Consumer Health Information; Gene Expression; Humans; Information Seeking Behavior; Male; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28572868
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Letters Jul 2022The vast majority of new prostate cancer diagnoses are low-grade tumors that are monitored by active surveillance rather than undergoing immediate treatment. However, a... (Review)
Review
The vast majority of new prostate cancer diagnoses are low-grade tumors that are monitored by active surveillance rather than undergoing immediate treatment. However, a subset of men will progress to advanced prostate cancer which may result in lethality, and these men are likely to benefit from early intervention to prevent or delay such progression. For this high-risk group, which includes aged men, men of African descent, and those with a hereditary predisposition to prostate cancer, informed risk stratification can be the cornerstone of clinical decision making and treatment intervention. In this review, we discuss the importance of a precision intervention approach that considers the cumulative risk for a given patient or population to develop prostate cancer or to progress to lethal disease, with particular focus on the interplay of major determinants of high-risk disease.
Topics: Aged; Clinical Decision-Making; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35490919
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215709 -
Future Oncology (London, England) 2015Despite radical treatment, many men with prostate cancer will develop recurrence of their disease. In an exciting era of new therapies for prostate cancer in general, we... (Review)
Review
Despite radical treatment, many men with prostate cancer will develop recurrence of their disease. In an exciting era of new therapies for prostate cancer in general, we focus on how these will specifically benefit those men with recurrent disease. We consider salvage treatments aimed at those with local recurrence confined to the prostate gland, therapies for those presenting with metastatic recurrence and the approach to men presenting with a rising prostate-specific antigen but no demonstrable disease (M0). In general, men with recurrent disease are often under-represented in randomized clinical trials. Consequently, evidence to guide treatment for these men is often lacking and this needs to be addressed in order to improve and better define our approach to this problem in the future.
Topics: Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Disease Management; Humans; Immunotherapy; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant; Retreatment; Salvage Therapy
PubMed: 26436556
DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.228 -
Current Opinion in Urology Sep 2017The goal of this article is to discuss current genomic testing options in localized prostate cancer. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The goal of this article is to discuss current genomic testing options in localized prostate cancer.
RECENT FINDINGS
There are multiple genomic tests currently available for men with localized prostate cancer. Prolaris, OncotypeDx, and Decipher can all be tested using biopsy tissue. Prolaris and Decipher are also available for men undergoing radical prostatectomy to predict subsequent disease progression.
SUMMARY
The Prolaris cell cycle progression score measured on biopsy predicts the risk of prostate cancer death in 10 years with conservative management, whereas, the primary endpoint for the OncotypeDx genomic prostate score is the risk of adverse disease at radical prostatectomy. Decipher measures genome-wide RNA expression, and its Genomic Classifier signature was initially designed to predict the risk of metastasis for men with adverse disease at radical prostatectomy, and more recently, a biopsy version was released. Recently, Decipher signatures predicting prostate cancer cell lineage and postoperative radiation sensitivity have also been described. Any of these tests can be used by men with localized prostate cancer to provide additional prognostic risk stratification to aid in treatment decisions.
Topics: Genomics; Humans; Male; Prognosis; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28661898
DOI: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000419 -
The Canadian Journal of Urology Oct 2020INTRODUCTION To interpret data and update the traditional categorization of prostate cancer in order to help treating clinicians make more informed decisions. These... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
INTRODUCTION To interpret data and update the traditional categorization of prostate cancer in order to help treating clinicians make more informed decisions. These updates include guidance regarding how to best use next generation imaging (NGI) with the caveat that the new imaging technologies are still a work in progress.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Literature review.
RESULTS
Critical goals in prostate cancer management include preventing or delaying emergence of distant metastases and progression to castration-resistant disease. Pathways for progression to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) involve transitional states: nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), and oligometastatic disease. Determination of clinical state depends in part on available imaging modalities. Currently, fluciclovine and gallium-68 (⁶⁸Ga) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) are the NGI approaches with the most favorable combination of availability, specificity, and sensitivity. PET imaging can be used to help guide treatment selection in most patients. NGI can help determine patients who are candidates for new treatments, most notably (next-generation androgen antagonists, eg, apalutamide, enzalutamide, darolutamide), that can delay progression to advanced disease.
CONCLUSIONS
It is important to achieve a consensus on new and more easily understood terminology to clearly and effectively describe prostate cancer and its progression to health care professionals and patients. It is also important that description of disease states make clear the need to initiate appropriate treatment. This may be particularly important for disease in transition to mCRPC.
Topics: Disease Progression; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant
PubMed: 33049187
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Causes & Control : CCC Aug 2013Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men. However, African American/Black men are 60 % more likely to be diagnosed with and 2.4 times more... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men. However, African American/Black men are 60 % more likely to be diagnosed with and 2.4 times more likely to die from prostate cancer, compared to Non-Hispanic White men. Despite the increased burden of this malignancy, no evidence-based recommendation regarding prostate cancer screening exists for the high-risk population. Moreover, in addition to screening and detection, African American men may constitute a prime population for chemoprevention. Early detection and chemoprevention may thus represent an integral part of prostate cancer control in this population. Importantly, recent research has elucidated biological differences in the prostate tumors of African American compared to European American men. The latter may enable a more favorable response in African American men to specific chemopreventive agents that target relevant signal transduction pathways. Based on this evolving evidence, the aims of this review are threefold. First, we aim to summarize the biological differences that were reported in the prostate tumors of African American and European American men. Second, we will review the single- and multi-target chemopreventive agents placing specific emphasis on the pathways implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. And lastly, we will discuss the most promising nutraceutical chemopreventive compounds. Our review underscores the promise of chemoprevention in prostate cancer control, as well as provides justification for further investment in this filed to ultimately reduce prostate cancer morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population of African American men.
Topics: Black or African American; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 23737026
DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0241-x