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American Journal of Physiology. Renal... Oct 2021Intraurethral inoculation of mice with uropathogenic (CP1) results in prostate inflammation, fibrosis, and urinary dysfunction, recapitulating some but not all of the...
Intraurethral inoculation of mice with uropathogenic (CP1) results in prostate inflammation, fibrosis, and urinary dysfunction, recapitulating some but not all of the pathognomonic clinical features associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). In both patients with LUTS and CP1-infected mice, we observed increased numbers and activation of mast cells and elevated levels of prostate fibrosis. Therapeutic inhibition of mast cells using a combination of a mast cell stabilizer, cromolyn sodium, and the histamine 1 receptor antagonist cetirizine di-hydrochloride in the mouse model resulted in reduced mast cell activation in the prostate and significant alleviation of urinary dysfunction. Treated mice showed reduced prostate fibrosis, less infiltration of immune cells, and decreased inflammation. In addition, as opposed to symptomatic CP1-infected mice, treated mice showed reduced myosin light chain-2 phosphorylation, a marker of prostate smooth muscle contraction. These results show that mast cells play a critical role in the pathophysiology of urinary dysfunction and may be an important therapeutic target for men with BPH/LUTS. LUTS-associated benign prostatic hyperplasia is derived from a combination of immune activation, extracellular matrix remodeling, hyperplasia, and smooth muscle cell contraction in prostates of men. Using a mouse model, we describe the importance of mast cells in regulating these multiple facets involved in the pathophysiology of LUTS. Mast cell inhibition alleviates both pathology and urinary dysfunction in this model, suggesting the potential for mast cell inhibition as a therapeutic that prevents and reverses pathology and associated symptomology.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents; Cetirizine; Cromolyn Sodium; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Fibrosis; Humans; Male; Mast Cells; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Prostate; Prostatic Diseases; Urination
PubMed: 34423679
DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00116.2021 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2013Prostatic parenchymal calculi are common, usually incidental, findings on morphological examinations. They are typically asymptomatic and may be present in association...
Prostatic parenchymal calculi are common, usually incidental, findings on morphological examinations. They are typically asymptomatic and may be present in association with normal glands, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer. However giant prostatic calculi are rare. Less than 20 cases have been reported in the literature. We present the case of a 35-year-old man with two giant prostatic calculi that replaced the entire gland. He underwent an open cystolithotomy, two giant stones were removed from the prostate, and we used a lithotripsy in situ for extraction of stone fragments.
Topics: Adult; Calcium Phosphates; Calculi; Hematuria; Humans; Male; Prostatic Diseases; Urethral Obstruction; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Retention
PubMed: 23565316
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2013.14.69.2376 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2008
Topics: Biopsy, Needle; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Diseases
PubMed: 18986556
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Medica Indonesiana Jan 2011The role of inflammation in prostate diseases is suggested by the presence of inflammatory cells within the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and Prostate Cancer (PC).... (Review)
Review
The role of inflammation in prostate diseases is suggested by the presence of inflammatory cells within the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and Prostate Cancer (PC). Inflammation suggests influence a balance between prostate cell growth and apoptosis by increasing microenvironment around prostate factors such as cytokines, COX-2 and oxidative stress. These factors stimulate proliferation and minimize cell apoptosis. In vitro studies showed an over expression of these inflammatory markers in BPH and PC compared normal tissue. There were also inflammatory marker differences between BPH and PC, which was more severe inflammation process in PC. Another basic difference was a gene polymorphism in PC. Targeting the microenvironment may represent a promising therapeutic approach for prostate disease. Many epidemiological studies showed a beneficial effect of drug that influences inflammation such as non steroidal anti-Inflammatory drugs, antioxidant compound in food or supplements and vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists. These drugs need more investigation to prove their function as chemoprevention of prostatic disease.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Chemoprevention; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Cytokines; Disease Progression; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Oxidative Stress; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Receptors, Calcitriol; Risk Factors
PubMed: 21339547
DOI: No ID Found -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... 2011Understanding the relationship between ethnicity and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) could identify the population that should be targeted for intervention and...
Understanding the relationship between ethnicity and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) could identify the population that should be targeted for intervention and prevention program regarding prostate disease. In this study, we therefore examine the effects of aging and ethnicity on fPSA, measured in serum by chemiluminescent assay (CLIA) method of 351 men visiting Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) for fPSA test from December to March. Medicinal records abstracts were used to obtain information regarding the ethnicity and age of the cases. Those cases whose age and surname could not be obtained were excluded in our study. The subjects were stratified in four ethnic groups viz; Indo-Nepalese, Tibeto-Nepalese, Indigenous and Other based on the origin. The relationship between age and fPSA level was analysed using bivariate coorelation. The age and the fPSA level of the cases were expressed in Mean ± SEM. The association among different age-group and ethnicity with fPSA were analysed using one way ANOVA. The mean fPSA and mean age of the subjects were 1.74 ± 0.22 and 66.84 ± 0.64 respectively. fPSA level was fairly correlated with the age (r=0.146, p=<0.01). The mean fPSA level (ng/ml) among the four age category (<45, 45-60, 60-75 and >75) were 0.49 ± 0.13, 0.69 ± 0.10, 1.94 ± 0.04 and 2.33 ± 0.43 respectively. The difference in mean fPSA level among four different age-groups was statistically significant (p=0.031). Analysis showed no correlation between the fPSA level and the ethnicity. These data suggest that the fPSA level is associated with the age.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Early Detection of Cancer; Ethnicity; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Nepal; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 22320948
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Men's Health 2023Prostate abscess, a rare condition often associated with prostate bacterial infections, often occurs in immunosuppressive individuals and manifests as fever and lower... (Review)
Review
Prostate abscess, a rare condition often associated with prostate bacterial infections, often occurs in immunosuppressive individuals and manifests as fever and lower urinary tract symptoms. Clinical practice lacks standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols for prostate abscesses, resulting in predominantly empirical approaches with uncertain outcomes. This study presents a case of a giant prostate abscess, diagnosed in a patient exhibiting fever, lower urinary tract symptoms (including dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, and weakness), and anal pain. The diagnosis was confirmed through prostate magnetic resonance imaging and transrectal color ultrasound examinations. Treatment included targeted anti-infective therapy (based on the urine culture results), urine flow diversion (suprapubic bladder puncture stomy), ultrasound-guided perineal puncture drainage of the prostatic abscess, intermittent abscess cavity irrigation, and urethral electroprostatectomy. The patient experienced a complete recovery and significantly improved quality of life. This successful case underscores several key points: (1) the importance of targeted anti-infective therapy based on etiological findings in prostate abscess treatment; (2) early urine flow diversion, precise puncture drainage, and intermittent abscess cavity irrigation may be one of crucial elements in abscess management; (3) the potential significance of transurethral prostate resection following abscess resolution in preventing recurrence. It is hoped that this case report offers new valuable insights for diagnosing and treating prostate abscesses. Slightly different from previous treatment experience, we extra used early urine diversion, intermittent abscess cavity irrigation, and etiological electroprostatectomy, which might also hold promise as potential therapies.
Topics: Male; Humans; Abscess; Prostate; Quality of Life; Prostatic Diseases; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
PubMed: 38130088
DOI: 10.1177/15579883231219570 -
Urologic Oncology Jan 2021Prostate cancer and cardiovascular (CV) disease share several risk factors, with the incidence of both rising with increasing age. Systemic prostate cancer therapies may... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Prostate cancer and cardiovascular (CV) disease share several risk factors, with the incidence of both rising with increasing age. Systemic prostate cancer therapies may increase CV risk. For example, gonadotropic releasing hormone agonists have been associated with increased development of CV risk factors, and potentially with CV disease. For men with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), the opportunity to mitigate CV risk by appropriate selection of therapy (i.e., use of newer agents such as androgen receptor inhibitors) may be possible. The phase 3 PROSPER, SPARTAN, and ARAMIS trials for enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide, the 3 approved androgen receptor inhibitors for men with nmCRPC, were all associated with increased metastasis-free survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Our objective in writing this review is to improve awareness of the relationship between long-term androgen deprivation and increased risk for CV disease and inform treatment decision making for patients with mCRPC who also have CV comorbidities.
METHODS
The PubMed database was searched from 2010 to November 5, 2019 for articles pertaining to androgen receptor inhibitors, androgen inhibition, apalutamide, darolutamide, enzalutamide, CV, and CaP.
RESULTS
We found literature describing the relationship between androgen inhibition and CV disease and risks. Given the increased risk of CV disease due to exposure to gonadotropic releasing hormone agonist therapy alone, understanding the potential for additional CV risks is important for patients with CV comorbidities when an androgen receptor inhibitor is added to their treatment. Another important consideration is the possibility of drug-drug interactions with comedications.
CONCLUSION
Management strategies for patients with mCRPC also treated for comorbidities including CV disease require appropriate selection of therapy, diet, and exercise to meet the needs of the individual patient profile.
Topics: Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Interactions; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32958445
DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.08.003 -
Asian Journal of Andrology Mar 2010Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a nonmalignant adenomatous enlargement of the periurethral prostate gland. It is a common disease in older men. In addition to man,... (Review)
Review
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a nonmalignant adenomatous enlargement of the periurethral prostate gland. It is a common disease in older men. In addition to man, spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia occurs in chimpanzee and the dog. Alternatives to these spontaneous models are induced benign prostatic hyperplasia, xenografts and in vitro models. Xenografts may be induced by cells cultured in vitro or by the heterotransplantation of primary surgical specimens into immunosuppressed mice. The purpose of this review is to integrate data from more than 30 years of heterotransplantation research in the study of benign hyperplasia of the prostate. Heterotransplantation has provided data regarding the histopathology, morphology, tissue markers, androgen receptor expression, tissue kinetics, take rate and tissue vasculature for this prostate disease. There are advantages, as well as limitations, that have been identified for human prostate disease heterotransplants versus xenotransplantation of cultured cells. Overall, heterotransplanted tissue is better at retaining tissue morphology, pathology, secretory activity, expression of tissue markers and human vasculature of the patient's original specimen. Furthermore, heterotransplanted tissue preserves the three-dimensional tissular architecture of the prostate to maintain critical stromal-epithelial cell interactions.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Nude; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Transplantation, Heterologous
PubMed: 19946317
DOI: 10.1038/aja.2009.77 -
Autoimmunity Reviews Mar 2024Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is considered as an age-related disease of men with an unknown etiopathophysiology. Chronic inflammation has been proposed as one of... (Review)
Review
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is considered as an age-related disease of men with an unknown etiopathophysiology. Chronic inflammation has been proposed as one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms. There is growing evidence for the involvement of autoimmune responses in an inflammatory setting in the prostate. Patients with autoimmune diseases show a significantly elevated prevalence of BPH. Conventional therapy options for BPH are limited, rendering surgery the ultimate alternative. However, immunosuppression via tumor necrosis factor alpha blocker appears to reduce symptoms in patients with BPH and concurrent autoimmune disease due to the reduction of epithelial hyperplasia and macrophage-induced inflammation. New diagnostic options using HEp-2 cells with overexpression of LEDGF/p75 or mitochondrial DNA as autoimmune targets could be used to identify BPH patients with autoimmune responses. Given the presumed involvement of autoimmune responses in BPH and the efficacy of immunosuppression in reducing BPH symptoms, BPH or subvariants of BPH may be candidates for a new autoimmune disease in males.
Topics: Humans; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Male; Autoimmune Diseases
PubMed: 38168573
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103511 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2021The incidence of chronic aging-associated diseases, especially cardiovascular and prostatic diseases, is increasing with the aging of society. Evidence indicates that... (Review)
Review
The incidence of chronic aging-associated diseases, especially cardiovascular and prostatic diseases, is increasing with the aging of society. Evidence indicates that cardiovascular diseases usually coexist with prostatic diseases or increase its risk, while the pathological mechanisms of these diseases are unknown. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of both cardiovascular and prostatic diseases. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers are higher in patients with cardiovascular diseases, and these also contribute to the development of prostatic diseases, suggesting cardiovascular diseases may increase the risk of prostatic diseases via oxidative stress. This review summarizes the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular and prostatic diseases and also focuses on the main shared pathways underlying these diseases, in order to provide potential prevention and treatment targets.
Topics: Aging; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Male; Oxidative Stress; Prostatic Diseases
PubMed: 34336107
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5896136