-
European Journal of Medical Research Sep 2022Prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are the most common prostate disorders in the UK, which cause considerable ill health in older men.... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Selective biomarkers for inflammation and infection are associated with post-operative complications following transperineal template prostate biopsy (TTPB): a single-centre observational clinical pilot-study.
BACKGROUND
Prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are the most common prostate disorders in the UK, which cause considerable ill health in older men. Transperineal template prostate biopsy (TTPB) has emerged as a reliable procedure for the histopathological diagnosis of PCa and BPH due to its higher cancer detection rates. Although antiseptic preparation and antibiotic prophylaxis are used to ensure safety in patients undergoing surgical intervention, post-operative complications, such as infection and bleeding are still unavoidable, resulting in re-admissions, with resource implications. Currently, there is no biomarker profile to predict outcomes or monitor patients during the post-operative course. The main aim of this single-centre observational clinical pilot-study was to investigate the role of inflammatory and infection biomarkers following TTPB and their association with post-operative complications.
METHODS
Forty-five patients scheduled for elective TTPB were recruited after informed consent at the Wrexham Maelor and Glan Clwyd Hospitals, North Wales, UK (n = 45). Prior to surgery, venous blood samples were collected at baseline and subsequently at 30, 120, and 240 min post-operatively. Urine samples were collected before and 120 min after the procedure. Serum procalcitonin (PCT), serum ferritin, and urine BMG analysis were done using enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA) and the magnetic Luminex multiplex performance assay was used to analyse IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α plasma concentrations. Data on clinical outcomes were collected from patients' medical records.
RESULTS
Following TTPB, significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases were observed in uBMG, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α. Significant decreases were observed in ferritin (p ≤ 0.05). No significant change was observed in PCT concentration (p ≥ 0.05). One patient developed an infection and severe haematuria post-operatively following TTPB.
CONCLUSION
Although not confirmative, changes seen in biomarkers such as uBMG, IL-10 and TNF-α in our observational clinical pilot-study may warrant further investigation, involving larger cohorts, to fully understand the role of these biomarkers and their potential association with post-operative complications such as infection and bleeding which can develop following TTPB for the diagnosis of PCa and BPH.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Ferritins; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Pilot Projects; Postoperative Complications; Procalcitonin; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 36154663
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00807-8 -
International Journal of Cancer May 2019We previously observed a positive association between seropositivity for the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and risk of clinically significant prostate cancer at...
We previously observed a positive association between seropositivity for the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and risk of clinically significant prostate cancer at diagnosis. Here, we examined whether T. vaginalis seropositivity was associated with increased prostate cancer-specific or all-cause mortality among prostate cancer patients. We studied 736 men with prostate cancer from the Physicians' Health Study (PHS) and 749 men with prostate cancer from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS). We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between T. vaginalis serostatus and progression to death from prostate cancer and from all causes. In PHS, 423 men died of any cause during a median follow-up of 13.8 years from the date of cancer diagnosis, among whom 131 died of prostate cancer. In HPFS, there were 287 deaths, including 77 deaths from prostate cancer, during a median follow-up of 12.8 years. We found no association between T. vaginalis serostatus and either prostate cancer mortality or all-cause mortality in either the PHS or HPFS. While previous studies suggest a possible role for T. vaginalis in the development of clinically significant prostate cancer, our findings do not support the hypothesis that T. vaginalis serostatus is associated with mortality among prostate cancer patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Trichomonas vaginalis
PubMed: 30242839
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31885 -
American Journal of Men's Health 2023Prostate abscess, a rare condition often associated with prostate bacterial infections, often occurs in immunosuppressive individuals and manifests as fever and lower... (Review)
Review
Prostate abscess, a rare condition often associated with prostate bacterial infections, often occurs in immunosuppressive individuals and manifests as fever and lower urinary tract symptoms. Clinical practice lacks standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols for prostate abscesses, resulting in predominantly empirical approaches with uncertain outcomes. This study presents a case of a giant prostate abscess, diagnosed in a patient exhibiting fever, lower urinary tract symptoms (including dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, and weakness), and anal pain. The diagnosis was confirmed through prostate magnetic resonance imaging and transrectal color ultrasound examinations. Treatment included targeted anti-infective therapy (based on the urine culture results), urine flow diversion (suprapubic bladder puncture stomy), ultrasound-guided perineal puncture drainage of the prostatic abscess, intermittent abscess cavity irrigation, and urethral electroprostatectomy. The patient experienced a complete recovery and significantly improved quality of life. This successful case underscores several key points: (1) the importance of targeted anti-infective therapy based on etiological findings in prostate abscess treatment; (2) early urine flow diversion, precise puncture drainage, and intermittent abscess cavity irrigation may be one of crucial elements in abscess management; (3) the potential significance of transurethral prostate resection following abscess resolution in preventing recurrence. It is hoped that this case report offers new valuable insights for diagnosing and treating prostate abscesses. Slightly different from previous treatment experience, we extra used early urine diversion, intermittent abscess cavity irrigation, and etiological electroprostatectomy, which might also hold promise as potential therapies.
Topics: Male; Humans; Abscess; Prostate; Quality of Life; Prostatic Diseases; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
PubMed: 38130088
DOI: 10.1177/15579883231219570 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2017This review discusses the biology and behavior of (), a dominant bacterium species of the skin biogeography thought to be associated with transmission, recurrence and... (Review)
Review
This review discusses the biology and behavior of (), a dominant bacterium species of the skin biogeography thought to be associated with transmission, recurrence and severity of disease. More specifically, we discuss the ability of to invade and persist in epithelial cells and circulating macrophages to subsequently induce bouts of sarcoidosis, low-grade inflammation and metastatic cell growth in the prostate gland. Finally, we discuss the possibility of infiltrating the brain parenchyma to indirectly contribute to pathogenic processes in neurodegenerative disorders such as those observed in Parkinson's disease (PD).
Topics: Animals; Epithelial Cells; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Macrophages; Male; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Propionibacterium acnes; Prostate; Sarcoidosis; Skin
PubMed: 28352613
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00081 -
BMC Genomics Feb 2019Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant neoplasm among men in many countries. Since most precancerous and cancerous tissues show signs of inflammation,...
BACKGROUND
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant neoplasm among men in many countries. Since most precancerous and cancerous tissues show signs of inflammation, chronic bacterial prostatitis has been hypothesized to be a possible etiology. However, establishing a causal relationship between microbial inflammation and PCa requires a comprehensive analysis of the prostate microbiome. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbiome in prostate tissue of PCa patients and investigate its association with tumour clinical characteristics as well as host expression profiles.
RESULTS
The metagenome and metatranscriptome of tumour and the adjacent benign tissues were assessed in 65 Chinese radical prostatectomy specimens. Escherichia, Propionibacterium, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were abundant in both metagenome and metatranscriptome, thus constituting the core of the prostate microbiome. The biodiversity of the microbiomes could not be differentiated between the matched tumour/benign specimens or between the tumour specimens of low and high Gleason Scores. The expression profile of ten Pseudomonas genes was strongly correlated with that of eight host small RNA genes; three of the RNA genes may negatively associate with metastasis. Few viruses could be identified from the prostate microbiomes.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study of the human prostate microbiome employing an integrated metagenomics and metatranscriptomics approach. In this Chinese cohort, both metagenome and metatranscriptome analyses showed a non-sterile microenvironment in the prostate of PCa patients, but we did not find links between the microbiome and local progression of PCa. However, the correlated expression of Pseudomonas genes and human small RNA genes may provide tantalizing preliminary evidence that Pseudomonas infection may impede metastasis.
Topics: Aged; Biodiversity; Computational Biology; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 30777011
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5457-z -
American Family Physician Feb 2002With the recent introduction of agents such as gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, the traditional gram-negative coverage of fluoroquinolones has been expanded to include... (Review)
Review
With the recent introduction of agents such as gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, the traditional gram-negative coverage of fluoroquinolones has been expanded to include specific gram-positive organisms. Clinical applications beyond genitourinary tract infections include upper and lower respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections, gynecologic infections, sexually transmitted diseases, and some skin and soft tissue infections. Most quinolones have excellent oral bioavailability, with serum drug concentrations equivalent to intravenous administration. Quinolones have few adverse effects, most notably nausea, headache, dizziness, and confusion. Less common but more serious adverse events include prolongation of the corrected QT interval, phototoxicity, liver enzyme abnormalities, arthropathy, and cartilage and tendon abnormalities. The new fluoroquinolones are rarely first-line agents and should be employed judiciously. Inappropriate use of agents from this important class of antibiotics will likely worsen current problems with antibiotic resistance. Applications of fluoroquinolones in biologic warfare are also discussed.
Topics: Ciprofloxacin; Drug Interactions; Humans; Male; Prostatitis; Quinolones; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 11858629
DOI: No ID Found -
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 2007The prostate is one of the main male sex accessory glands and the target of many pathological conditions affecting men of all ages. Pathological conditions of the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The prostate is one of the main male sex accessory glands and the target of many pathological conditions affecting men of all ages. Pathological conditions of the prostate gland range from infections, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) of a still unknown aetiology to benign hyperplasia and cancer. CP/CPPS is one of the most prevalent diseases in the urologic clinic and affects men younger than 50 years old. A significant advance in the understanding of CP/CPPS was made when an autoimmune response against prostate antigens was revealed in a considerable number of patients. During the last 30 years, extensive work has been done regarding the development and characterization of different rodent models of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP). It has been demonstrated that tolerance to prostate antigens can be disrupted in some strains of rats and mice and cellular and humoral responses to prostate antigens are elicited. A Th1 pattern has been described and the cellular response seems to be the major pathogenic mechanism involved. Immune cells infiltrate the gland and induce prostate lesions. The genetic background and hormonal imbalance are factors that could contribute to the onset of the disease in susceptible young males. Moreover, spontaneous autoimmune prostatitis could also occur with advanced age in susceptible strains. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding rodent models of EAP and the immunological alterations present in CP/CPPS patients. We also discuss the reliability of these experimental approaches as genuine tools for the study of human disease.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Male; Prostatitis
PubMed: 17635799
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01971.x -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Apr 2020Sexual transmission and persistence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the male reproductive tract has raised concerned for potential damaging effects on function. Animal studies...
BACKGROUND
Sexual transmission and persistence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the male reproductive tract has raised concerned for potential damaging effects on function. Animal studies have demonstrated that ZIKV virus can infect and damage the testis and epididymis, and these results has been correlated to lower sperm counts in ZIKV-infected humans. The prostate plays a vital role in the male reproductive tract, with acute and chronic prostatitis linked to male infertility.
METHODS
In this study, we evaluated the effects of ZIKV virus on the prostate in mice and nonhuman primates.
RESULTS
In mice, ZIKV infected the prostate and triggered inflammation that persisted even after virus clearance. Evidence of chronic prostatitis associated with ZIKV infection remained for several months. Similar histological findings were observed in the prostate of ZIKV-infected rhesus macaques.
CONCLUSIONS
These studies establish that ZIKV replicates in the prostate and can cause acute and chronic inflammatory and proliferative changes in mouse and nonhuman primate models.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Epididymis; Macaca mulatta; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Prostatitis; Semen; Testis; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 31616920
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz533 -
PloS One 2012Chronic inflammation in the prostate, seen as infiltration of inflammatory cells into the prostate gland in histological samples, affects approximately half the male...
Chronic inflammation in the prostate, seen as infiltration of inflammatory cells into the prostate gland in histological samples, affects approximately half the male population without indication of prostate disease, and is almost ubiquitous in patients diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia and cancer. Several studies have demonstrated the gram-positive bacterium Propionibacterium acnes to be frequently present in prostate tissue from men suffering from prostate disease. P. acnes has been shown to be associated with histological inflammation in human prostatectomy specimens, and also to induce strong inflammatory response in prostate-derived tissue culture models. The present paper describes a rat model for assessment of the pathogenic potential of P. acnes in prostate. Prostate glands of Sprague Dawley rats (n = 98) were exposed via an abdominal incision and live P. acnes or, in control rats, saline were injected into the ventral and dorso-lateral lobes. Rats were sacrificed 5 days, 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months post infection, and prostate tissue was analyzed for bacterial content and histological inflammation. Rat sera were assessed for levels of CRP and anti-P. acnes IgG. Live P. acnes could be recovered from the dorso-lateral lobes up to 3 months post infection, while the ventral lobes were cleared from bacteria at that time. In samples up to 3 months post infection, the dorso-lateral lobes exhibited intense focal inflammation. CRP and IgG levels were elevated throughout the span of the experiment, and reached maximum levels 3 weeks and 3 months post infection, respectively. We show that P. acnes have the potential to cause chronic infection in previously healthy prostate, and that the infection has potential to cause chronic histological inflammation in the infected tissue. The high prevalence of P. acnes in human prostate tissue calls for resolution of pathogenic details. The present rat model suggests that complications such as chronic inflammation may be induced by P. acnes infection.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Inflammation; Male; Propionibacterium acnes; Prostate; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 23240022
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051434 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Apr 2017Most men infected with are asymptomatic and can remain undiagnosed and untreated. This has been hypothesized to result in chronic persistent prostatic infection....
Most men infected with are asymptomatic and can remain undiagnosed and untreated. This has been hypothesized to result in chronic persistent prostatic infection. Adhesion of the protozoan organisms to mucosal cells is considered a first and prerequisite step for infection. Adhesion of to prostate epithelial cells has not yet been observed; however, there are several reports about inflammation of prostate epithelial cells induced by . The aim of this study was to investigate whether adhesion and cytotoxicity of are involved in inflammation of prostate epithelial cells. When RWPE-1 cells were infected with (1:0.4 or 1:4), adhesion of continuously increased for 24 hr or 3 hr, respectively. The cytotoxicity of prostate epithelial cells infected with (RWPE-1: =1:0.4) increased at 9 hr; at an infection ratio of 1:4, cytotoxicity increased after 3 hr. When the RWPE-1 to ratio was 1:0.4 or 1:4, production of IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2, and CXCL8 also increased. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was verified by measuring decreased E-cadherin and increased vimentin expression at 24 hr and 48 hr. Taken together, the results indicate that adhered to prostate epithelial cells, causing cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and EMT. Our findings suggest for the first time that may induce inflammation via adhesion to normal prostate epithelial cells.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Epithelial Cells; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Prostate; Prostatitis; Time Factors; Trichomonas Infections; Trichomonas vaginalis
PubMed: 28506046
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.213