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World Journal of Urology Jan 2022To objectively determine whether there is potential thermal tissue damage during Tm:YAG laser-based LUTS treatment.
PURPOSE
To objectively determine whether there is potential thermal tissue damage during Tm:YAG laser-based LUTS treatment.
METHODS
Our experimental model was comprised of a prostatic resection trainer placed in a 37 °C water bath. In a hollowed-out central area simulating the urethral lumen, we placed a RigiFib 800 fibre, irrigation inflow regulated with a digital pump, and a type K thermocouple. A second thermocouple was inserted 0.5/1 cm adjacently and protected with an aluminum barrier to prevent it from urethral fluid. We investigated continuous and intermittent 120 W and 80 W laser application with various irrigation rates in eight measurement sessions lasting up to 14 min. Thermal measurements were recorded continuously and in real-time using MatLab. All experiments were repeated five times to balance out variations.
RESULTS
Continuous laser application at 120 W and 125 ml/min caused a urethral ∆T of ~ 15 K and a parenchymal temperature increase of up to 7 K. With 50 ml/min irrigation, a urethral and parenchymal ∆T of 30 K and 15 K were reached, respectively. Subsequently and in absence of laser application, prostatic parenchyma needed over 16 min to reach baseline body temperature. At 80 W lower temperature increases were reached compared to similar irrigation but higher power.
CONCLUSIONS
We showed that potentially harming temperatures can be reached, especially during high laser power and low irrigation. The heat generation can also be conveyed to the prostate parenchyma and deeper structures, potentially affecting the neurovascular bundles. Further clinical studies with intracorporal temperature measurement are necessary to further investigate this potentially harming surgical adverse effect.
Topics: Hot Temperature; Humans; Lasers, Solid-State; Male; Models, Theoretical; Prostate; Prostatectomy
PubMed: 34476596
DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03805-3 -
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Apr 2019
Topics: Glycine; Humans; Isotonic Solutions; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Sorbitol; Therapeutic Irrigation; Transurethral Resection of Prostate
PubMed: 30967521
DOI: 10.4097/kja.19078 -
British Journal of Cancer Feb 2022Prostate cancer is a global cancer burden and considerable effort has been made through the years to identify biomarkers for the disease. Approximately a decade ago, the... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer is a global cancer burden and considerable effort has been made through the years to identify biomarkers for the disease. Approximately a decade ago, the potential of analysing extracellular vesicles in liquid biopsies started to be envisaged. This was the beginning of a new exciting area of research investigating the rich molecular treasure found in extracellular vesicles to identify biomarkers for a variety of diseases. Vesicles released from prostate cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment carry molecular information about the disease that can be analysed in several biological fluids. Numerous studies document the interest of researchers in this field of research. However, methodological issues such as the isolation of vesicles have been challenging. Remarkably, novel technologies, including those based on nanotechnology, show promise for the further development and clinical use of extracellular vesicles as liquid biomarkers. Development of biomarkers is a long and complicated process, and there are still not many biomarkers based on extracellular vesicles in clinical use. However, the knowledge acquired during the last decade constitutes a solid basis for the future development of liquid biopsy tests for prostate cancer. These are urgently needed to bring prostate cancer treatment to the next level in precision medicine.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids; Early Detection of Cancer; Extracellular Vesicles; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Male; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Precision Medicine; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 34811504
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01610-8 -
PloS One 2016Measures of cellular gene expression or behavior, when performed on individual cells, inevitably reveal a diversity of behaviors and outcomes that can correlate with...
Measures of cellular gene expression or behavior, when performed on individual cells, inevitably reveal a diversity of behaviors and outcomes that can correlate with normal or diseased states. For virus infections, the potential diversity of outcomes are pushed to an extreme, where measures of infection reflect features of the specific infecting virus particle, the individual host cell, as well as interactions between viral and cellular components. Single-cell measures, while revealing, still often rely on specialized fluid handling capabilities, employ end-point measures, and remain labor-intensive to perform. To address these limitations, we consider a new microwell-based device that uses simple pipette-based fluid handling to isolate individual cells. Our design allows different experimental conditions to be implemented in a single device, permitting easier and more standardized protocols. Further, we utilize a recently reported dual-color fluorescent reporter system that provides dynamic readouts of viral and cellular gene expression during single-cell infections by vesicular stomatitis virus. In addition, we develop and show how free, open-source software can enable streamlined data management and batch image analysis. Here we validate the integration of the device and software using the reporter system to demonstrate unique single-cell dynamic measures of cellular responses to viral infection.
Topics: Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; DEAD Box Protein 58; DEAD-box RNA Helicases; Epithelial Cells; Fluorescent Dyes; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Reporter; Green Fluorescent Proteins; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3; Interferon Regulatory Factor-7; Interferon Type I; Kinetics; Luminescent Proteins; Male; Prostate; Proteins; RNA-Binding Proteins; Receptors, Immunologic; Signal Transduction; Single-Cell Analysis; Software; Vesiculovirus; Red Fluorescent Protein
PubMed: 26752057
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145081 -
The National Medical Journal of India 1994Tuberculosis of the prostate is rare and is thought to be either due to haematogenous dissemination or secondary to renal infection. We describe, possibly for the first...
Tuberculosis of the prostate is rare and is thought to be either due to haematogenous dissemination or secondary to renal infection. We describe, possibly for the first time, two male patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had tuberculous abscesses in the prostate discovered at post-mortem examination. Only one of them had mild urinary symptoms and neither had evidence of urogenital tuberculosis before death. We suggest that in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome tuberculous infection of the prostate should be sought by microscopic examination of the urine, semen and prostatic fluid obtained after massage.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Male; Prostatic Diseases; Tuberculosis, Male Genital
PubMed: 7950947
DOI: No ID Found -
Fertility and Sterility May 1978The concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and zinc were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations of all three cations were found to be strongly...
The concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and zinc were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations of all three cations were found to be strongly correlated with one another and with acidity (pH). Analysis of the relative concentrations in prostatic fluid, split ejaculates, and whole seminal plasma confirmed an almost exclusively prostatic origin of these cations. Semen quality, as judged by motility, vitality, concentration, and morphology of spermatozoa, was inversely related to cation concentrations. Therefore, we recommend adoption of the measurement of seminal divalent cations as part of the routine andrologic examination.
Topics: Body Fluids; Calcium; Cations, Divalent; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Magnesium; Male; Prostate; Semen; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Zinc
PubMed: 27390
DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)43281-4 -
Archives of Medical Science : AMS Apr 2015Inflammation is associated with promotion of the initiation of various malignancies, partly due to bacterial infection-induced microenvironmental changes. However, the...
INTRODUCTION
Inflammation is associated with promotion of the initiation of various malignancies, partly due to bacterial infection-induced microenvironmental changes. However, the exact association between microbiota in urine, seminal fluid and the expressed prostatic secretions and benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer is not clear.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In the present study, we investigated the type of microbiota in the expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by the polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) method using universal bacterial primers. In order to understand the possible association between various bacteria and prostate cancer, quantitative real-time PCR assay was performed to quantify the amount of strains of bacteria in urine, EPS and seminal fluid.
RESULTS
The prostate cancer group had a significantly increased number of Bacteroidetes bacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Firmicutes bacteria, Lachnospiraceae, Propionicimonas, Sphingomonas, and Ochrobactrum, and a decrease in Eubacterium and Defluviicoccus compared to the BPH group. The number of Escherichia coli in the prostate cancer group was significantly decreased in urine and increased in the EPS and seminal fluid, while the number of Enterococcus was significantly increased in the seminal fluid with little change in urine and EPS.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on these results, we suggest that there are significant changes in the microbial population in EPS, urine and seminal fluid of subjects with prostate cancer and BPH, indicating a possible role for these bacteria in these two conditions.
PubMed: 25995756
DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.50970 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2013Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common type of tumour disease in men. Early diagnosis of cancer of the prostate is very important, because the sooner the cancer is... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common type of tumour disease in men. Early diagnosis of cancer of the prostate is very important, because the sooner the cancer is detected, the better it is treated. According to that fact, there is great interest in the finding of new markers including amino acids, proteins or nucleic acids. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is commonly used and is the most important biomarker of CaP. This marker can only be detected in blood and its sensitivity is approximately 80%. Moreover, early stages cannot be diagnosed using this protein. Currently, there does not exist a test for diagnosis of early stages of prostate cancer. This fact motivates us to find markers sensitive to the early stages of CaP, which are easily detected in body fluids including urine. A potential is therefore attributed to the non-protein amino acid sarcosine, which is generated by glycine-N-methyltransferase in its biochemical cycle. In this review, we summarize analytical methods for quantification of sarcosine as a CaP marker. Moreover, pathways of the connection of synthesis of sarcosine and CaP development are discussed.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Databases, Factual; Glycine N-Methyltransferase; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Array Analysis; Sarcosine
PubMed: 23880848
DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713893 -
Central European Journal of Urology 2011Postoperative blood loss after prostate surgery is thought to be associated with an increase in urinary fibrinolytic activity. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is both a potent...
INTRODUCTION
Postoperative blood loss after prostate surgery is thought to be associated with an increase in urinary fibrinolytic activity. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is both a potent inhibitor of plasminogen and urokinase activators and a low molecular weight substance that is excreted unchanged in the urinary tract and can be administered both orally and intravenously. We investigated the effect of TXA on the amount of blood loss during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty patients with registry numbers ending in even numbers were allocated to the treatment group; those ending in odd numbers were used as controls and received no treatment. The treatment group received 10 mg/kg TXA by intravenous infusion during the first half hour of the operation, while the control group of patients received no medication. Serum hemoglobin was measured before and after surgery. The volume and hemoglobin concentration of the irrigation fluid, resected prostate weight, and duration of resection were recorded.
RESULTS
The mean loss of hemoglobin per gram of resected prostate tissue was 1.25 g in the TXA group and 2.84 g in the control group. Total hemoglobin loss in the irrigating fluid and hemoglobin loss per 1 gram of prostate tissue was lower in the group of patients given TXA than in the control group (p = 0.018 and p <0.001).
CONCLUSION
Reduced bleeding during TURP as a result of TXA treatment may lead to better surgical conditions and, as a consequence, shorter operative times and lower irrigating fluid volumes.
PubMed: 24578884
DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2011.03.art13 -
Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 2014MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are a growing class of small non-coding RNAs that exhibit widespread dysregulation in prostate cancer. We profiled miRNA expression in syngeneic human...
MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are a growing class of small non-coding RNAs that exhibit widespread dysregulation in prostate cancer. We profiled miRNA expression in syngeneic human prostate cancer cell lines that differed in their metastatic potential in order to determine their role in aggressive prostate cancer. miR-888 was the most differentially expressed miRNA observed in human metastatic PC3-ML cells relative to non-invasive PC3-N cells, and its levels were higher in primary prostate tumors from cancer patients, particularly those with seminal vesicle invasion. We also examined a novel miRNA-based biomarker source called expressed prostatic secretions in urine (EPS urine) for miR-888 expression and found that its levels were preferentially elevated in prostate cancer patients with high-grade disease. These expression studies indicated a correlation for miR-888 in disease progression. We next tested how miR-888 regulated cancer-related pathways in vitro using human prostate cancer cell lines. Overexpression of miR-888 increased proliferation and migration, and conversely inhibition of miR-888 activity blocked these processes. miR-888 also increased colony formation in PC3-N and LNCaP cells, supporting an oncogenic role for this miRNA in the prostate. Our data indicates that miR-888 functions to promote prostate cancer progression and can suppress protein levels of the tumor suppressor genes RBL1 and SMAD4. This miRNA holds promise as a diagnostic tool using an innovative prostatic fluid source as well as a therapeutic target for aggressive prostate cancer.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Male; MicroRNAs; Neoplasm Grading; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107; Smad4 Protein
PubMed: 24200968
DOI: 10.4161/cc.26984