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Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry :... 2017HSPB6(Heat shock protein B6), is also referred to as P20/HSP20. Unlike other many other members of sHSP(small Heat shock protein) family, which tend to form... (Review)
Review
HSPB6(Heat shock protein B6), is also referred to as P20/HSP20. Unlike other many other members of sHSP(small Heat shock protein) family, which tend to form high-molecular-mass oligomers, in solution, human HSPB6 only forms dimers. However, it still exhibits chaperon-like activity comparable with that of HSPB5. It is expressed ubiquitously, with high and constitutive expression in muscular tissues. sHSPs characteristically function as molecular chaperones and HSPB6 also has a molecular chaperone activity. HSPB6 is up-regulated in response to diverse cellular stress or damage and protect cells from otherwise lethal conditions. HSPB6 is widely recognized as a principle mediator of cardioprotective signaling and recent studies have unraveled the protective role of HSPB6 in disease or injury to the central nervous system. Moreover, accumulating evidence has implicated HSPB6 as a key mediator of diverse vital physiological processes, such as smooth muscle relaxation, platelet aggregation. The versatility of HSPB6 can be explained by its direct involvement in regulating different client proteins and its ability to form heterooligomer with other sHSPs, which seems to be dependent on HSPB6 phosphorylation. This review focuses on the properties including expression and regulation pattern, phosphorylation, chaperon activity, multiple cellular targets of HSPB6, as well as its possible role in physical and pathological conditions.
Topics: Animals; Cardiotonic Agents; Cytoplasm; HSP20 Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Molecular Chaperones; Muscle, Smooth; Neoplasms; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Platelet Aggregation; Protein Processing, Post-Translational
PubMed: 29132139
DOI: 10.1159/000484889 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2016
Topics: Humans; Ion Channels; Liver; Liver Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Protective Agents; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 27092207
DOI: 10.1155/2016/9037051 -
Nutrients Feb 2019Mulberry plants belonging to the Moraceae family have been grown for the purpose of being the nutrient source for silk worm and raw materials for the preparation of... (Review)
Review
Mulberry plants belonging to the Moraceae family have been grown for the purpose of being the nutrient source for silk worm and raw materials for the preparation of jams, marmalades, vinegars, juices, wines, and cosmetics. L. (black mulberry) is native to Southwestern Asia, and it has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for animals and humans. In this article, recent research progress on various biological and pharmacological properties of extracts, fractions, and isolated active constituents from different parts of are reviewed. exhibited a wide-spectrum of biological and pharmacological therapeutic effects including antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-melanogenic, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anticancer activities. also showed protective effects against various human organs and systems, mainly based on its antioxidant capacity. These findings strongly suggest that can be used as a promising nutraceutical resource to control and prevent various chronic diseases.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Morus; Plant Preparations; Plants, Medicinal; Protective Agents
PubMed: 30791521
DOI: 10.3390/nu11020437 -
Evaluating protective and therapeutic effects of alpha-lipoic acid on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.Cell Death & Disease Aug 2018Cisplatin, a small platinum-containing molecule, is a widely used, highly effective anticancer drug. However, severe side effects have been found in cancer patients...
Cisplatin, a small platinum-containing molecule, is a widely used, highly effective anticancer drug. However, severe side effects have been found in cancer patients treated with cisplatin, including nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity. These cisplatin-induced side effects can have a major impact on patient quality of life, including social development problems in pediatric patients that develop hearing loss. Previous studies have suggested that the major cause of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), one of the most effective antioxidants, is known to be involved in the cellular antioxidant system and may have a protective effect on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. However, the therapeutic effect of ALA on damaged hearing function and its detailed mechanism of action are not fully understood. This study focused on determining whether ALA has a potential as a protective and/or therapeutic agent for cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Histological and physiological analyses were performed using cisplatin-treated mouse cochlea and HEI-OC1 culture cells in pre- and post-treatment with ALA in vitro and in vivo. We found that ALA contributes to protecting mitochondrial function by preventing ROS accumulation and inhibiting apoptotic cell death. Importantly, post-treatment with ALA consistently showed an almost equal restorative effect to pretreatment, in vitro and in vivo, supporting the possible use of ALA as a therapeutic agent for cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. This study is the first report on a strong therapeutic potential of ALA to rescue ototoxic hearing loss caused by cisplatin, and our data provide key evidence that ALA may act as a reducing agent for glutathione disulfide to increase glutathione levels on behalf of glutathione reductase. This result was consistent in both cultured cells and the mouse model, which improves the clinical value of ALA for therapy of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cisplatin; Ear, Inner; Female; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Hair Cells, Auditory; Hearing Loss; Male; Mice; Protective Agents; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Reactive Oxygen Species; Spiral Ganglion; Stria Vascularis; Thioctic Acid; bcl-2-Associated X Protein
PubMed: 30068942
DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0888-z -
Free Radical Biology & Medicine Jun 2007Cyclic nitroxides are a diverse group range of stable free radicals that have unique antioxidant properties. Because of their ability to interact with free radicals,... (Review)
Review
Cyclic nitroxides are a diverse group range of stable free radicals that have unique antioxidant properties. Because of their ability to interact with free radicals, they have been used for many years as biophysical tools. During the past 15-20 years, however, many interesting biochemical interactions have been discovered and harnessed for therapeutic applications. Biologically relevant effects of nitroxides have been described, including their ability to degrade superoxide and peroxide, inhibit Fenton reactions, and undergo radical-radical recombination. Cellular studies defined the activity of nitroxides in vitro. By modifying oxidative stress and altering the redox status of tissues, nitroxides have been found to interact with and alter many metabolic processes. These interactions can be exploited for therapeutic and research use, including protection against ionizing radiation, as probes in functional magnetic resonance imaging, cancer prevention and treatment, control of hypertension and weight, and protection from damage resulting from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Although much remains to be done, many applications have been well studied and some are currently being tested in clinical trials. The therapeutic and research uses of nitroxide compounds are reviewed here with a focus on the progress from initial development to modern trials.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cells; Disease; Humans; Nitrogen Oxides; Preventive Medicine; Protective Agents
PubMed: 17462532
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.030 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2016Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver lesions ranging from hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, and... (Review)
Review
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver lesions ranging from hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The high global prevalence of NAFLD has underlined the important public health implications of this disease. The pathogenesis of NAFLD involves the abnormal accumulation of free fatty acids, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and a proinflammatory state in the liver. Schisandrin B (Sch B), an active dibenzooctadiene lignan isolated from the fruit of (a traditional Chinese herb), was found to possess antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, anti-ER stress, and anti-inflammatory activities in cultured hepatocytes and in rodent livers . Whereas a long-term, low dose regimen of Sch B induces an antihyperlipidemic response in obese mice fed a high fat diet, a single bolus high dose of Sch B increases serum/hepatic lipid levels in mice. This differential action of Sch B is likely related to a dose/time-dependent biphasic response on lipid metabolism in mice. The hepatoprotection afforded by Sch B against oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation has been widely reported. The ensemble of results suggests that Sch B may offer potential as a therapeutic agent for NAFLD. The optimal dose and duration of Sch B treatment need to be established in order to ensure maximal efficacy and safety when used in humans.
Topics: Animals; Cyclooctanes; Humans; Lignans; Models, Biological; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Polycyclic Compounds; Protective Agents
PubMed: 27847552
DOI: 10.1155/2016/6171658 -
IET Nanobiotechnology 2024This study followed the PRISMA reporting guidelines to present the results. A comprehensive search was performed on electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of... (Review)
Review
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study followed the PRISMA reporting guidelines to present the results. A comprehensive search was performed on electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Science Direct. Initially, 413 articles were retrieved. After removing duplicates and applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were finally included in this systematic review.
RESULTS
The reviewed studies showed that selenium nanoparticles had anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. They effectively protected the kidneys, liver, and testicles from damage. Furthermore, there was evidence of efficient radioprotection for the organs examined without significant side effects.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review emphasizes the potential advantages of using selenium nanoparticles to prevent the negative effects of ionizing radiation. Importantly, these protective effects were achieved without causing noticeable side effects. These findings suggest the potential role of selenium nanoparticles as radioprotective agents, offering possible therapeutic applications to reduce the risks related to ionizing radiation exposure in medical imaging and radiotherapy procedures.
Topics: Selenium; Radiation-Protective Agents; Animals; Humans; Antioxidants; Nanoparticles; Metal Nanoparticles; Radiation Injuries
PubMed: 38863968
DOI: 10.1049/2024/5538107 -
Pharmacology 2021Our liver has a variety of vital functions including removing poisons, storing energy, immunological roles, and secretory and excretory functions. It may face some kinds... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Our liver has a variety of vital functions including removing poisons, storing energy, immunological roles, and secretory and excretory functions. It may face some kinds of diseases caused by viruses, hepatotoxic chemicals, drugs, alcohol, and inherited disorders. Oxidative stress and inflammation are in the core of mechanisms of liver damages induced by viruses or chemical agents.
SUMMARY
Morus nigra (M. nigra), generally known as black mulberry, exhibited wide-spectrum pharmacological effects including antidiabetic, antinociceptive, anticancer, and hepatoprotective activities. Different parts of this plant particularly the fruit and leaf have shown beneficial effects on hepatocytes in cell culture and animal models of liver damages induced by chemicals (e.g., CCl4), drugs (e.g., paracetamol), diet (e.g., high fat), diabetes, etc. The beneficial effects of M. nigra on the liver are attributed to the presence of considerable amounts of phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, flavonols, and phenolic acids. The present review is aimed to focus on the hepatoprotective activities of M. nigra and its phytochemicals and the mechanisms responsible for these activities. Key Messages: The evidence reviewed in this study can help design clinical trials on M. nigra in patients with liver disorders and develop a hepatoprotective herbal medicine.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Liver; Liver Diseases; Morus; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Protective Agents
PubMed: 33849010
DOI: 10.1159/000515032 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2012Skin is frequently exposed to a variety of environmental, chemical, and genotoxic agents that contribute to disease and carcinogenesis. Ultraviolet light (UVR) is the... (Review)
Review
Skin is frequently exposed to a variety of environmental, chemical, and genotoxic agents that contribute to disease and carcinogenesis. Ultraviolet light (UVR) is the main external stress that leads to immunosuppression, oxidative stress, premature aging, and tumor formation. Scientists and health professionals emphasize the importance of prevention strategies to circumvent such unfavorable outcomes. Plant polyphenols are a promising approach to disease prevention and treatment. Green tea is an abundant source of plant polyphenols that exhibit significant antioxidant, chemopreventive, and immunomodulatory effects in protecting the skin.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Chemoprevention; Humans; Polyphenols; Protective Agents; Skin; Tea
PubMed: 22792414
DOI: 10.1155/2012/560682 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias May 2017The endothelium is fundamental for the regulation of vascular tone and structure. Under disease conditions, including the presence of cardiovascular disease risk... (Review)
Review
The endothelium is fundamental for the regulation of vascular tone and structure. Under disease conditions, including the presence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, the endothelium loses its protective role and becomes a proatherosclerotic structure. In this article we searched for strategies from PUBMED and Science Direct databases using the following key words: endothelium, natural bioactive compounds, polyphenols and cardiovascular diseases. The search was restricted to english language papers. Studies have identified the contribution of diet to the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. In this context, high intakes of fruit and vegetables are associated with the decrease of cardiovascular diseases. Thus the most important fruit/vegetables and bioactive compounds to prevent endothelial diseases are berries, apples, virgin olive oil, tomatoes, soybeans, and polyphenols, carotenoids and unsaturated fatty acids, respectively. The bioactive compounds from fruit and vegetables provide endothelial protection through the following mechanisms: improved eNOS/NO bioavailability, attenuates oxidative stress, inhibited NF-κB pathway and decreased cell adhesion molecules expression. In this article natural bioactive compound mechanisms of endothelium protection are thoroughly reviewed.
Topics: Diet, Mediterranean; Endothelium, Vascular; Fruit; Humans; Protective Agents; Vegetables
PubMed: 28538813
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160509