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Transcultural Psychiatry Aug 2023As psychological resilience has been increasingly recognized as contextually constructed, mixed methods studies that map out local ecologies of resilience have become... (Review)
Review
As psychological resilience has been increasingly recognized as contextually constructed, mixed methods studies that map out local ecologies of resilience have become increasingly common. However, the direct adaptation of quantitative tools for cross-cultural use based on qualitative findings has been relatively lacking. The current review aims to provide an overview of existing measures of resilience used cross-culturally and to synthesize the protective and promotive factors and processes (PPFP) of resilience identified within these measures into a single resource. A January 2021 search of PubMed for studies of the development of psychological resilience measures that excluded studies of non-psychological resilience yielded 58 unique measures. These measures contain 54 unique PPFP of resilience, ranging from individual to communal-level characteristics. This review is intended to serve as a complementary tool for adapting standardized measures for stakeholders requiring an assessment tool that is attuned to their context for mental health risk assessment and intervention evaluation.
Topics: Humans; Protective Factors; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Resilience, Psychological
PubMed: 37097913
DOI: 10.1177/13634615231167661 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Feb 2023Internalizing mental disorders are highly comorbid with one another, and evidence suggests that etiological processes contributing to these disorders often overlap. This... (Review)
Review
Internalizing mental disorders are highly comorbid with one another, and evidence suggests that etiological processes contributing to these disorders often overlap. This systematic umbrella review aimed to synthesize meta-analytic evidence from observational longitudinal studies to provide a comprehensive overview of potentially modifiable risk and protective factors across the depressive, anxiety, and eating disorder psychopathology domains. Six databases were searched from inception to August 2022. Only meta-analyses of longitudinal studies that accounted for baseline psychopathology (either via exclusion of baseline cases or statistical adjustment for baseline symptoms) were included. Methodological quality of meta-analyses was evaluated using the AMSTAR 2, and quality of evidence for each analysis was rated using GRADE. Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were conducted in duplicate by independent reviewers. The protocol for this review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020185575). Sixty-one meta-analyses were included, corresponding to 137 meta-analytic estimates for unique risk/protective factor-psychopathology relationships. Most potential risk/protective factors, however, were examined only in relation to depressive psychopathology. Concern over mistakes and self-esteem were the only risk and protective factors, respectively, identified as statistically significant across depressive, anxiety, and eating disorder psychopathology domains. Eight risk factors and four protective factors also emerged as having transdiagnostic relevance across depressive and anxiety domains. Results suggest intervention targets that may be valuable for preventing/treating the spectrum of internalizing psychopathology and reducing comorbidity. However, few factors were identified as transdiagnostically relevant across all three internalizing domains, highlighting the need for more research investigating similar sets of potential risk/protective factors across internalizing domains.
Topics: Humans; Protective Factors; Anxiety Disorders; Psychopathology; Anxiety; Comorbidity
PubMed: 36603318
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.025 -
Current Diabetes Reports Mar 2021To synthesize findings from studies of neurocognitive complications in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and highlight potential risk and protective factors. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To synthesize findings from studies of neurocognitive complications in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and highlight potential risk and protective factors.
RECENT FINDINGS
Emerging evidence suggests that hyperglycemia and time in range may be more important for brain development than episodes of hypoglycemia. Further, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the time of T1D diagnosis appears to be a particular risk factor for neurocognitive complications, particularly deficits in executive function skills and memory, with differences in cerebral white matter microstructure seen via advanced magnetic resonance imaging methods, and lower scores on measures of attention and memory observed among children who were diagnosed in DKA. Other factors that may influence neurocognitive development include child sleep, caregiver distress, and diabetes device use, presumably due to improved glycemic control. We highlight neurocognitive risk and protective factors for children with T1D and priorities for future research in this high-risk population.
Topics: Brain; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Protective Factors; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33715053
DOI: 10.1007/s11892-021-01380-w -
Journal of Diabetes Investigation Sep 2020Although hyperglycemia, high blood pressure and aging increase the risk of developing kidney complications, some diabetes patients exposed to these risk factors do not... (Review)
Review
Although hyperglycemia, high blood pressure and aging increase the risk of developing kidney complications, some diabetes patients exposed to these risk factors do not develop kidney disease, suggesting the presence of endogenous protective factors. There is a growing need to understand these factors determining protection of the kidney in order to improve the design of preventive strategies and to enhance the processes responsible for renoprotection. The aim of this review was to present the existing molecular and epidemiological data on factors showing protective effects in diabetic kidney disease, and to summarize the evidence regarding their potential in the area of future clinical diagnostics, therapeutics and early preventive strategies. These include transcriptomic and proteomic studies regarding the anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and regenerative factors that were associated with slower progression of renal function loss. Another focus is the new evidence regarding the evaluation of alterations in the regulatory epigenome and its involvement in the risk of diabetic kidney disease. Further effort is required to validate and extend these findings, and to define their potential for clinical implementation in the future.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease Progression; Humans; Prognosis; Protective Factors
PubMed: 32196975
DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13257 -
Andes Pediatrica : Revista Chilena de... Feb 2021Globally, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), represents more than 30% of all types of cancers in children aged between 0 and 9 years. In Peru, it has not been evaluated... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Globally, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), represents more than 30% of all types of cancers in children aged between 0 and 9 years. In Peru, it has not been evaluated whether exclusive breastfee ding (EB) is a protective factor for ALL.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the protective and risk factors associa ted with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children aged between 0 and 13 years in a national hospital in Lima, Peru.
PATIENTS AND METHOD
Observational, analytical study, case-control design. 112 cases diagnosed with ALL and 229 controls were evaluated. The data were collected by interviews with the mothers of both groups. The magnitude of the association between ALL and EB was estimated using the odds ratio (OR) and multivariate logistic regression in Stata v 12.
RESULTS
50.9% (57/112) of the cases and 51.5% (118/229) of the controls were male. The mean age of the cases was 6.7 ± 3.2 years and of the controls 5.7 ± 3.5 years. The mean age of the mothers of the cases was 35.9 ± 6.5 and of the controls was 34.1 ± 7.1 years. EB reduces the risk of ALL by 44% compared with those who did not receive it, OR 0.56, p = 0.017, 95% CI (0.35-0.90). Complete secondary education reduces the risk of ALL by 62%, OR 0.38 CI 95% (0.15-0.61).
CONCLUSIONS
Exclusive breastfeeding and the mother's complete secondary education are protective factors for the development of ALL in children and adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Breast Feeding; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Logistic Models; Male; Mothers; Odds Ratio; Peru; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution
PubMed: 34106181
DOI: 10.32641/andespediatr.v92i1.2617 -
Psychiatria Polska Oct 2022The main aim of the research was to identify factors associated with the occurrence of mental health problems in adolescents.
OBJECTIVES
The main aim of the research was to identify factors associated with the occurrence of mental health problems in adolescents.
METHODS
The study group consisted of elementary and junior high school students from Ilawa aged 13-15 years (N=574). The self-administered, anonymous questionnaire had been completed during school lessons. Two groups of mental health problems were included in the study: internalizing (depressive symptoms and emotional problems) and externalizing (use of psychoactive substances, aggressive behavior, delinquency), as well as a number of psychosocial factors (parental support and control, school bonding, peer influence, victimization, leisure activities). Hierarchical logistic regression models with Wald statistics were used to identify risk and protective factors.
RESULTS
Parental support and control appeared to be universal protective factors that reduce the risk of both internalizing and externalizing problems. On the other hand, being a victim of peer violence and spending a lot of time on e-contacts appeared to be risk factors for both groups of adolescent mental health problems. In addition, sex, negative peer influences, school bonding, and use of computer / video games were important factors in the regression models.
CONCLUSIONS
Prevention of mental health problems should be directed to education of parents in the skills of support and monitoring adolescents, strengthening the bonding to school and resilience to the negative influences of peer company.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Mental Health; Protective Factors; Violence; Crime Victims; Aggression; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37074855
DOI: 10.12740/PP/139519 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... 2021To review the literature regarding adolescent suicide risk and explore the associations between treatment compliance (expressed as a concept including measured adherence...
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature regarding adolescent suicide risk and explore the associations between treatment compliance (expressed as a concept including measured adherence to treatment and/or mental health service utilization) and risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior (SB), as well as the association between treatment compliance and reattempts.
METHODS
PubMed, LILACS, and Google Scholar were searched using the following terms: (adolescent*) AND (suicide*) AND (risk factor OR protective factors) AND (treatment compliance OR treatment attrition OR treatment adherence OR treatment drop out OR treatment retention OR mental health utilization). We retrieved studies that focused on the relation of treatment compliance to risk and protective factors for SB and that had only adolescent samples.
RESULTS
Of 4,841 articles, 30 original articles were selected for review. Most studies indicated high mental health service (MHS) utilization and poor treatment adherence by SB patients. Social minority status and conduct disorder were associated with less treatment adherence, while female sex, parental perceived need for treatment, and major depression were associated with greater treatment adherence. Inpatient and intensive emergency care after SA and family interventions improved MHS utilization and treatment compliance. However, we found no substantial protective effect of treatment compliance against reattempts.
CONCLUSION
Effective treatment planning for compliance requires considering psychopathology, treatment planning, and social, familial, and individual factors.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Patient Compliance; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide, Attempted; Suicide, Completed
PubMed: 33533823
DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1026 -
Research in Developmental Disabilities Jan 2022The lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has been a difficult period for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and their families.
BACKGROUND
The lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has been a difficult period for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and their families.
AIMS
The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of the quality of life (QoL) of children with ASD and their parents throughout the first lockdown, providing a snapshot of the impact of the pandemic on these families life.
METHOD AND PROCEDURES
A cohort of 243 parents of children with ASD (2-15 years old) completed an original online survey regarding the modification of ASD cores symptoms during lockdown, the type of interventions they had done before and during lockdown and the activities performed by the child. Respondents filled the PedsQL for themselves and their children.
OUTCOME AND RESULTS
The data obtained show a worsening of specific ASD core symptoms during lockdown and their role in predicting parents and children's QoL. Furthermore, protective factors for a better children's QoL as the Telehealth intervention, and some activities done at home during the lockdown as physical activity and play with parents are identified.
CONCLUSIONS
This study identifies the QoL's risk and protective factors for children with ASD and their families. Furthermore, reveals the fundamental role of the parents as children's QoL protective factor, suggesting a higher collaboration between families and health care providers, whilst potentially improving families and children's QoL.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; COVID-19; Child; Child, Preschool; Communicable Disease Control; Humans; Pandemics; Parents; Protective Factors; Quality of Life; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34826776
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104130 -
Systematic Reviews Aug 2021While one in three women around the world are estimated to have experienced intimate partner or sexual violence, these rates are often exacerbated during conflict and...
BACKGROUND
While one in three women around the world are estimated to have experienced intimate partner or sexual violence, these rates are often exacerbated during conflict and humanitarian crisis. This systematic review seeks to provide an overview of existing research on risk and protective factors associated with gender-based violence (GBV) in conflict and humanitarian settings.
METHODS
Studies will be searched from the following databases: PubMed (Medline); PsycINFO; Scopus; Global Health; and Cochrane Center trials registrar. In addition, targeted searches of the internet repositories for GBV will be conducted. We will include studies that are published between January 1995 and December 2020 and document risk or protective factors for gender-based violence against women and girls in conflict or humanitarian settings. Two reviewers will independently screen and extract data for the review, with a third reviewer arbitrating disputes and ensuring quality. A quality assessment of the included studies will be undertaken using a modified GRADE system. Narrative synthesis will be utilized to analyze the data.
DISCUSSION
The results of this study will inform the design and delivery of GBV prevention programs in conflict and humanitarian settings as well as contribute to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 5. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be utilized at the World Health Organization to inform efforts to prevent GBV in conflict and humanitarian settings.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
The protocol has been registered with PROSEPERO ( CRD42020198695 ).
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Female; Gender-Based Violence; Humans; Protective Factors; Sex Offenses; Sexual Behavior; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 34454625
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01795-2 -
BMJ Open Nov 2022Self-harm and suicide are major public health concerns among children and adolescents. Many risk and protective factors for suicide and self-harm have been identified...
INTRODUCTION
Self-harm and suicide are major public health concerns among children and adolescents. Many risk and protective factors for suicide and self-harm have been identified and reported in the literature. However, the capacity of these identified risk and protective factors to guide assessment and management is limited due to their great number. This protocol describes an ongoing systematic review and meta-analysis which aims to examine longitudinal studies of risk factors for self-harm and suicide in children and adolescents, to provide a comparison of the strengths of association of the various risk factors for self-harm and suicide and to shed light on those that require further investigation.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
We perform a systematic search of the literature using the databases EMBASE, PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL and HMIC from inception up to 28 October 2020, and the search will be updated before the systematic review publication. Additionally, we will contact experts in the field, including principal investigators whose peer-reviewed publications are included in our systematic review as well as investigators from our extensive research network, and we will search the reference lists of relevant reviews to retrieve any articles that were not identified in our search. We will extract relevant data and present a narrative synthesis and combine the results in meta-analyses where there are sufficient data. We will assess the risk of bias for each study using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and present a summary of the quantity and the quality of the evidence for each risk or protective factor.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
Ethical approval will not be sought as this is a systematic review of the literature. Results will be published in mental health journals and presented at conferences focused on suicide prevention.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42021228212.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Protective Factors; Self-Injurious Behavior; Risk Factors; Public Health; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 36428021
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058297