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The Biochemical Journal Sep 1952
Topics: Animals; Protein Deficiency; Proteins; Rats; Vitamin A
PubMed: 13018199
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging May 2009It has been shown that wound healing in the rat is associated with increased protein synthesis at the site of the wound 48 hours after surgical trauma. The aim of the...
OBJECTIVES
It has been shown that wound healing in the rat is associated with increased protein synthesis at the site of the wound 48 hours after surgical trauma. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of protein malnutrition prior to abdominal surgery on the capacity for muscle protein synthesis both at the site of the wound and in undamaged abdominal muscle.
DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS
Thirty-two rats were randomly assigned to a low or high protein diet (3% and 20% casein respectively). After two weeks, half the rats in each group underwent abdominal surgery. Forty-eight hours after the operation all the animals were killed and tissues were analysed for RNA and protein contents.
RESULTS
The capacity for protein synthesis, as indicated by the RNA:protein ratio, was increased at the site of the healing wound. The low protein diet caused a decrease in the capacity for protein synthesis in unoperated animals but did not prevent the increase associated with wound healing.
CONCLUSION
The capacity to increase protein synthesis during wound healing is protected against the effects of malnutrition, indicating that it has a high biological priority.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Animals; Caseins; Chelating Agents; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Dietary Proteins; Eating; Female; Muscle Proteins; Protein Deficiency; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; RNA; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Wound Healing
PubMed: 19390746
DOI: 10.1007/s12603-009-0076-z -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 1969No significant differences between the serum protein concentrations of the totally starved pigs and control animals given a milk protein supplemented diet were found....
No significant differences between the serum protein concentrations of the totally starved pigs and control animals given a milk protein supplemented diet were found. Serum lipid levels rose in the totally starved group. During the first 42 days of the experimental period sharp falls in serum protein concentrations were noted in the protein deprived pigs. The losses were greatest in the albumin and two β-globulin fractions, γ-globulin levels rose but at a much slower rate than in the control group. In the pigs which were refed a protein containing diet during the second 42 day period, the concentrations of all the serum protein fractions except for γ-globulin had reached control levels by the end of the investigation. The pigs which continued with the protein free diet showed further losses of albumin, a reduction in some α-globulin fractions and a cessation of net γ-globulin synthesis. The trends observed by measurements of protein bound carbohydrate were similar to those obtained from polypeptide determinations indicating quantitative rather than qualitative changes in the serum proteins. The reduction in the serum lipid concentrations of the pigs undergoing protein starvation was largely accounted for by losses of α- and β-lipoproteins. The protein deprived pigs maintained their initial body weight, while a continuous fall in weight was found in the totally starved group and a continuous increase in the control pigs.
Topics: Albumins; Animals; Beta-Globulins; Blood Proteins; Diet; Lipids; Male; Protein Deficiency; Starvation; Swine
PubMed: 4190687
DOI: 10.1186/BF03548271 -
The American Journal of Case Reports May 2021BACKGROUND Lipedema is a common condition that presents as excessive fat deposition in the extremities, initially sparing the trunk, ankles, and feet, and is found...
A 41-Year-Old Woman with Excessive Fat of the Lower Body Since Puberty with Progression to Swollen Ankles and Feet Despite Caloric Restriction, Due to Lipedema and Protein-Calorie Malnutrition: A Case of Stage 3 Lipedema.
BACKGROUND Lipedema is a common condition that presents as excessive fat deposition in the extremities, initially sparing the trunk, ankles, and feet, and is found mainly in women, usually occurring after puberty or pregnancy. Lipedema can progress to include lipo-lymphedema of the ankles and feet. This report is of a 41-year old woman with Stage 3 lipedema and lipo-lymphedema with excessive fat of the lower body since puberty, with progression to swollen ankles and feet despite dietary caloric restriction. CASE REPORT A 41-year-old woman noticed increased fat in her legs since age 12. Her weight and leg size increased until age 21, when she reached a maximum weight of 165 kg, and underwent a Roux-En-Y gastric bypass. Over 12 months, she lost 74.8 kg. Her trunk significantly reduced in weight, but her legs did not. Fifteen years later, during recovery from hysterectomy surgery, she became progressively weaker and swollen over her entire body. Laboratory test results showed hypoalbuminemia (2.0 g/dL), lymphopenia, and hypolipoproteinemia. She was diagnosed with protein and calorie malnutrition with marked gut edema requiring prolonged parenteral nutrition. After restoration of normal protein, her health returned and her pitting edema resolved, but her extremities remained enlarged. She was subsequently diagnosed with lipedema. CONCLUSIONS This report demonstrates that early and correct diagnosis of lipedema is important, as women who believe the condition is due to obesity may suffer the consequences of calorie or protein-calorie deficiency in an attempt to lose weight.
Topics: Adult; Ankle; Caloric Restriction; Child; Edema; Female; Humans; Lipedema; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Puberty; Young Adult
PubMed: 33958571
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.930306 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... Oct 2008The aim of present study was to assess the association between serum zinc and oxidant/antioxidant status in children with protein energy malnutrition. Serum zinc, total...
The aim of present study was to assess the association between serum zinc and oxidant/antioxidant status in children with protein energy malnutrition. Serum zinc, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde were measured spectrophotometrically in 100 children (6 mo to 5 y); out of these, 50 children were malnourished and 50 children served as controls. Serum zinc levels were found to be significantly low in the malnourished (p<0.001). Serum zinc levels in Grade I and Grade II malnourished were 82.7 and 67.7 microg/dL respectively and in Grade III and IV combined was 53.2 microg/dL as compared to 109.5 microg/dL in the control group. These levels were significantly lower in children who had skin lesions than in those without such lesions (p<0.001). Total antioxidant capacity was found to be significantly lowered in malnourished children (Grade I=1.3 mmol/L, Grade II=1.1 mmol/L, Grade III and IV=0.5 mmol/L) as compared to 2.0 mmol/L in the control group (p<0.001). The malondialdehyde concentration in malnourished children was significantly higher (p<0.001) (Grade I=1.6 nmol/mL, Grade II=1.9 nmol/mL, Grade III and IV=2.9 nmol/mL) as compared to 1.3 nmol/mL in controls. Total antioxidant capacity and hypoalbuminaemia were also correlated positively with low serum zinc level. Serum trace element deficiency leading to depleted antioxidant protection may be a contributing factor to the pathophysiology of protein energy malnutrition and replacement of these elements in the management of this condition might be important.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hypoalbuminemia; Infant; Malondialdehyde; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Serum Albumin; Zinc
PubMed: 19001771
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.54.392 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Nov 1984
Review
Topics: Enteral Nutrition; Food, Formulated; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Postoperative Complications; Protein-Energy Malnutrition
PubMed: 6438619
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.60.709.779 -
Journal of Dairy Science Oct 2012The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of supplementing a metabolizable protein (MP)-deficient diet with rumen-protected (RP) Lys, Met, and...
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of supplementing a metabolizable protein (MP)-deficient diet with rumen-protected (RP) Lys, Met, and specifically His on dairy cow performance. The experiment was conducted for 12 wk with 48 Holstein cows. Following a 2-wk covariate period, cows were blocked by DIM and milk yield and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets, based on corn silage and alfalfa haylage: control, MP-adequate diet (ADMP; MP balance: +9 g/d); MP-deficient diet (DMP; MP balance: -317 g/d); DMP supplemented with RPLys (AminoShure-L, Balchem Corp., New Hampton, NY) and RPMet (Mepron; Evonik Industries AG, Hanau, Germany; DMPLM); and DMPLM supplemented with an experimental RPHis preparation (DMPLMH). The analyzed crude protein content of the ADMP and DMP diets was 15.7 and 13.5 to 13.6%, respectively. The apparent total-tract digestibility of all measured nutrients, plasma urea-N, and urinary N excretion were decreased by the DMP diets compared with ADMP. Milk N secretion as a proportion of N intake was greater for the DMP diets compared with ADMP. Compared with ADMP, dry matter intake (DMI) tended to be lower for DMP, but was similar for DMPLM and DMPLMH (24.5, 23.0, 23.7, and 24.3 kg/d, respectively). Milk yield was decreased by DMP (35.2 kg/d), but was similar to ADMP (38.8 kg/d) for DMPLM and DMPLMH (36.9 and 38.5kg/d, respectively), paralleling the trend in DMI. The National Research Council 2001model underpredicted milk yield of the DMP cows by an average (±SE) of 10.3 ± 0.75 kg/d. Milk fat and true protein content did not differ among treatments, but milk protein yield was increased by DMPLM and DMPLMH compared with DMP and was not different from ADMP. Plasma essential amino acids (AA), Lys, and His were lower for DMP compared with ADMP. Supplementation of the DMP diets with RP AA increased plasma Lys, Met, and His. In conclusion, MP deficiency, approximately 15% below the National Research Council requirements from 2001, decreased DMI and milk yield in dairy cows. Supplementation of the MP-deficient diet with RPLys and RPMet diminished the difference in DMI and milk yield compared with ADMP and additional supplementation with RPHis eliminated it. As total-tract fiber digestibility was decreased with the DMP diets, but DMI tended to increase with RP AA supplementation, we propose that, similar to monogastric species, AA play a role in DMI regulation in dairy cows. Our data implicate His as a limiting AA in high-producing dairy cows fed corn silage- and alfalfa haylage-based diets, deficient in MP. The MP-deficient diets clearly increased milk N efficiency and decreased dramatically urinary N losses.
Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Female; Histidine; Lactation; Lysine; Methionine; Milk; Milk Proteins; Protein Deficiency; Rumen
PubMed: 22863104
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5581 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Feb 2005Human adult diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes have been epidemiologically linked to poor fetal growth and development. Male...
Human adult diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes have been epidemiologically linked to poor fetal growth and development. Male offspring of rat dams fed a low-protein (LP) diet during pregnancy and lactation develop diabetes with concomitant alterations in their insulin-signaling mechanisms. Such associations have not been studied in female offspring. The aim of this study was to determine whether female LP offspring develop diabetes in later life. Control and LP female offspring groups were obtained from rat dams fed a control (20% protein) or an isocaloric (8% protein) diet, respectively, throughout pregnancy and lactation. Both groups were weaned and maintained on 20% normal laboratory chow until 21 mo of age when they underwent intravenous glucose tolerance testing (IVGTT). Fasting glucose was comparable between the two groups; however, LP fasting insulin was approximately twofold that of controls (P < 0.02). Glucose tolerance during IVGTT was comparable between the two groups; however, LP peak plasma insulin at 4 min was approximately threefold higher than in controls (P < 0.001). LP plasma insulin area under the curve was 1.9-fold higher than controls (P < 0.02). In Western blots, both muscle protein kinase C-zeta expression and p110beta-associated p85alpha in abdominal fat were reduced (P < 0.05) in LPs. Hyperinsulinemia in response to glucose challenge coupled with attenuation of certain insulin-signaling molecules imply the development of insulin resistance in LP muscle and fat. These observations suggest that intrauterine protein restriction leads to insulin resistance in females in old age and, hence, an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Fetal Nutrition Disorders; Gene Expression; Hyperinsulinism; Muscle Proteins; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Protein Deficiency; Protein Kinase C; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 15514105
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00206.2004 -
Infection and Immunity Mar 1998Previous research has suggested that dietary protein deficiency alters resistance to experimental pulmonary tuberculosis, in part, by affecting the distribution and...
Previous research has suggested that dietary protein deficiency alters resistance to experimental pulmonary tuberculosis, in part, by affecting the distribution and trafficking of antigen-reactive T cells. In this study, guinea pigs were maintained on either a protein-deficient (10% ovalbumin) or control (30% ovalbumin) diet and infected 4 to 6 weeks later with a low dose of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by the respiratory route. Monoclonal antibodies directed against the CD4 or CD8 markers on guinea pig lymphocytes were used in a flow cytofluorometric assay to determine the proportion of each subset in the peripheral circulation, spleen, and bronchotracheal lymph nodes at 4 weeks after infection. In uninfected guinea pigs, only the spleen exhibited an effect of diet on T-cell distribution, with small but consistent reductions in the proportions of both CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. However, following infection, protein deficiency exerted a profound effect on T-cell distribution. Malnourished, tuberculous guinea pigs harbored only 20 and 60% of the T cells (as a proportion of total lymphoid cells) found in the spleen and blood, respectively, of their well-nourished counterparts. Normal relative proportions of CD4 and CD8 cells were observed, however. In striking contrast, the bronchotracheal lymph nodes of protein-deprived guinea pigs with tuberculosis contained more than twice the numbers of T cells of control guinea pigs, and the normal CD4-to-CD8 ratio was reversed. Peripheral T-cell function, as measured by the delayed hypersensitivity skin test to tuberculin, and antigen-induced lymphoproliferation in vitro were markedly suppressed in protein-malnourished animals. Conversely, purified protein derivative-induced (but not concanavalin A-induced) proliferation was significantly enhanced in cultures of lymph node cells from protein-deprived tuberculous animals. Taken together, these results suggest that immunological abnormalities and loss of antimycobacterial resistance in the lungs of protein-deficient guinea pigs may be explained, in part, by sequestration of antigen-reactive T cells in the lymph nodes draining the site of infection.
Topics: Animals; Female; Guinea Pigs; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Protein Deficiency; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 9488377
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.66.3.927-931.1998 -
Annals of Surgery Nov 1974It has been suggested that colonic healing is impaired in malnourished subjects, but there have been no biochemical studies of the effect of malnutrition on colonic...
It has been suggested that colonic healing is impaired in malnourished subjects, but there have been no biochemical studies of the effect of malnutrition on colonic healing. The effects of malnutrition on the colon and the healing of colonic anastomoses were studied in rats fed a protein-free diet. Test animals were compared with control animals of similar age, and control animals of similar weight. There was a significant reduction in the body weight, total serum proteins and serum albumin of animals starved of protein. Malnutrition resulted in a reduction in the weight of the uninjured colon, and an increase in the colonic collagen concentration. There was a significant reduction in the collagen content of the colon in animals starved of protein for seven weeks, and the collagen content of anastomoses in these animals was significantly lower than the value in control animals. Anastomotic edema occurred during colon healing in animals starved for seven weeks. Measurements of colonic bursting pressure were an inaccurate guide to colonic healing. It is concluded that severe malnutrition resulting in 34% loss of body weight had an adverse effect on colonic healing.
Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Blood Proteins; Body Weight; Caseins; Cellulose; Colectomy; Collagen; Colon; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Proteins; Male; Postoperative Complications; Protein Deficiency; Rats; Serum Albumin; Starch; Stress, Mechanical; Vitamins; Wound Healing
PubMed: 4418508
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-197411000-00010