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Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2023Globally, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) ranks the third most commonly diagnosed malignant disease, one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
CONTEXT
Globally, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) ranks the third most commonly diagnosed malignant disease, one of the leading causes of cancer deaths.
AIMS
To study the spectrum of clinicopathological characteristics of sporadic colorectal carcinoma and to assess mismatch repair gene deficiency by the expression pattern of the proteins assessed by immunohistochemistry.
SETTING AND DESIGN
Observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty-two surgically resected specimens of CRC received from January 2018 to May 2019 were studied for clinical, morphological, MSI status.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
IBM SPSS 23.
RESULTS
A total of 50% of the cases belonged to younger and 50% to the older population, with male predominance being 53.8%. The most common histologic type was adenocarcinoma (88.5%). The majority was found to be well-differentiated carcinoma (50%). The majority cases were of the T3 stage accounting to 38.5%. A total of 24 out of 52 cases (46.15%) had an absent expression of at least one mismatch repair (MMR) protein. A significant correlation was found between the young age group and microsatellite instability (MSI) with a P value of 0.001. A significant association was found between MSI and tumor differentiation with P value of 0.018. A significant association was found between MSH6 and histological type with P value of 0.012. A significant association was found between MSI and tumor stage with P value of 0.032.
CONCLUSIONS
This study shows a significantly higher number of sporadic colon cancers involving the young age group, and younger cases showed significant association with MSI. This alarming trend needs validation by studies involving larger populations and can be helpful prognostically as well as in formulating chemotherapeutic regimens.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Immunohistochemistry; DNA Mismatch Repair; Neoplasm Staging; Colorectal Neoplasms; Microsatellite Instability; Protein Deficiency
PubMed: 37077064
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_531_21 -
Nutrients Apr 2019Considerable efforts have been directed towards stimulating healthy ageing regarding protein intake and malnutrition, yet large-scale consumer studies are scarce and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Considerable efforts have been directed towards stimulating healthy ageing regarding protein intake and malnutrition, yet large-scale consumer studies are scarce and fragmented. This study aims to profile older adults in the European Union (EU) according to appetite (poor/good) and protein intake (lower/higher) strata, and to identify dietary and physical activity behaviours. A survey with older (aged 65 years or above) adults ( = 1825) in five EU countries (Netherlands, United Kingdom, Finland, Spain and Poland) was conducted in June 2017. Four appetite and protein intake strata were identified based on simplified nutritional appetite questionnaire (SNAQ) scores (≤14 versus >14) and the probability of a protein intake below 1.0 g/kg adjusted BW/day (≥0.3 versus <0.3) based on the 14-item Pro55+ screener: "appi"-Poor appetite and lower level of protein intake (12.2%); "APpi"-Good appetite but lower level of protein intake (25.5%); "apPI"-Poor appetite but higher level of protein intake (14.8%); and "APPI"-Good appetite and higher level of protein intake (47.5%). The stratum of older adults with a poor appetite and lower level of protein intake (12.2%) is characterized by a larger share of people aged 70 years or above, living in the UK or Finland, having an education below tertiary level, who reported some or severe financial difficulties, having less knowledge about dietary protein and being fussier about food. This stratum also tends to have a higher risk of malnutrition in general, oral-health related problems, experience more difficulties in mobility and meal preparation, lower confidence in their ability to engage in physical activities in difficult situations, and a lower readiness to follow dietary advice. Two multivariate linear regression models were used to identify the behavioural determinants that might explain the probability of lower protein intake, stratified by appetite status. This study provides an overview and highlights the similarities and differences in the strata profiles. Recommendations for optimal dietary and physical activity strategies to prevent protein malnutrition were derived, discussed and tailored according to older adults' profiles.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Appetite Regulation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet, Healthy; Dietary Proteins; Europe; European Union; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Female; Healthy Aging; Humans; Male; Nutrition Surveys; Nutritional Status; Protective Factors; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Social Determinants of Health; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 30987278
DOI: 10.3390/nu11040777 -
Nutrients Sep 2021Protein imbalance during pregnancy affects women in underdeveloped and developing countries and is associated with compromised offspring growth and an increased risk of...
Protein imbalance during pregnancy affects women in underdeveloped and developing countries and is associated with compromised offspring growth and an increased risk of metabolic diseases in later life. We studied in a porcine model the glucose and urea metabolism, and circulatory hormone and metabolite profile of offspring exposed during gestation, to maternal isoenergetic low-high (LP-HC), high-low (HP-LC) or adequate (AP) protein-carbohydrate ratio diets. At birth, LP-HC were lighter and the plasma acetylcarnitine to free carnitine ratios at 1 day of life was lower compared to AP offspring. Plasma urea concentrations were lower in 1 day old LP-HC offspring than HP-LC. In the juvenile period, increased insulin concentrations were observed in LP-HC and HP-LC offspring compared to AP, as was body weight from HP-LC compared to LP-HC. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were lower in 80 than 1 day old HP-LC offspring, and glucagon concentrations lower in 80 than 1 day old AP and HP-LC offspring. Plasma urea and the ratio of glucagon to insulin were lower in all 80 than 1 day old offspring. Aminoacyl-tRNA, arginine and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism, histidine and beta-alanine metabolism differed between 1 and 80 day old AP and HP-LC offspring. Maternal protein imbalance throughout pregnancy did not result in significant consequences in offspring metabolism compared to AP, indicating enormous plasticity by the placenta and developing offspring.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Carnitine; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Proteins; Female; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Metabolome; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Deficiency; Swine; Triglycerides; Urea
PubMed: 34579160
DOI: 10.3390/nu13093286 -
The Biochemical Journal Jan 1984Although protein turnover in skeletal muscle is increased in hyperthyroidism and decreased in hypothyroidism, a deficient protein intake tends to increase serum T3...
Although protein turnover in skeletal muscle is increased in hyperthyroidism and decreased in hypothyroidism, a deficient protein intake tends to increase serum T3 (tri-iodothyronine) while decreasing muscle protein turnover. To determine whether this diet-induced decrease in protein turnover can occur independent of thyroid status, we have examined muscle protein turnover and nitrogen conservation in hyperthyroid rats fed on a protein-free diet. After inducing hyperthyroidism by giving 20 micrograms of T3/100g body wt. daily for 7 days, groups of euthyroid and hyperthyroid animals were divided into subgroups fed on basal and protein-free diets. Muscle protein turnover was measured by N tau-methylhistidine excretion and [14C]tyrosine infusion. Urinary nitrogen output of euthyroid and hyperthyroid animals fed on the protein-free diet was also measured. Although hyperthyroidism increased the baseline rates of muscle protein synthesis and degradation, it did not prevent a decrease in these values in response to protein depletion. Furthermore, hyperthyroid rats showed greatly decreased nitrogen excretion in response to the protein-free diet, although not to values for euthyroid rats. These findings suggest that protein depletion made the experimental animals less responsive to the protein-catabolic effects of T3.
Topics: Animals; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Methylhistidines; Muscle Proteins; Nitrogen; Protein Deficiency; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Triiodothyronine; Tyrosine
PubMed: 6696742
DOI: 10.1042/bj2170471 -
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi =... Oct 2021A 15-day-old boy was admitted to the hospital due to repeated convulsions for 14 days. The main clinical manifestations were uncontrolled seizures, hypoergia, feeding...
A 15-day-old boy was admitted to the hospital due to repeated convulsions for 14 days. The main clinical manifestations were uncontrolled seizures, hypoergia, feeding difficulties, limb hypotonia, and bilateral hearing impairment. Clinical neurophysiology showed reduced brainstem auditory evoked potential on both sides and burst-suppression pattern on electroencephalogram. Measurement of very-long-chain fatty acids in serum showed that C26:0 was significantly increased. Genetic testing showed a pathogenic compound heterozygous mutation, c.101C>T(p.Ala34Val) and c.1448_1460del(p.Ala483Aspfs*37), in the gene. This article reports a case of D-bifunctional protein deficiency caused by gene mutation and summarizes the epidemiological and clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease, with a focus on the differential diagnosis of this disease from Ohtahara syndrome.
Topics: Genetic Testing; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Muscle Hypotonia; Mutation; Peroxisomal Multifunctional Protein-2; Protein Deficiency
PubMed: 34719423
DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2107158 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 1970The influence of protein deficiency, rehabilitation and total starvation on the free amino acid levels in the blood plasma of pigs has been investigated. It was found...
The influence of protein deficiency, rehabilitation and total starvation on the free amino acid levels in the blood plasma of pigs has been investigated. It was found that the concentration of most amino acids was reduced during protein deficiency. The levels of leucine, isoleucine and valine were diminished by the greatest proportion, followed by threonine, tyrosine and citrulline. During the first few weeks of protein deficiency the levels of lysine, histidine and arginine were slightly increased, but later decreased below control values. Concentrations of glycine and alanine were altered in a similar way except that the initial increase was much more pronounced. The concentrations of most of these amino acids returned to control levels after rehabilitation. Total starvation led to an increase in concentration of leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine and to a smaller extent phenylalanine, lysine, citrulline and arginine. The concentration of glycine, alanine and glutamic acid were very much reduced. The level of urea in the circulation dropped reversibly during protein deficiency and increased very much during total starvation.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Protein Deficiency; Starvation; Swine; Urea
PubMed: 5424832
DOI: 10.1186/BF03547999 -
Nutritional Neuroscience Jun 2016This study assessed the effect of varying prenatal protein levels on the development of homing behavior in rat pups. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the effect of varying prenatal protein levels on the development of homing behavior in rat pups.
METHODS
Long-Evans rats were fed one of the four isocaloric diets containing 6% (n = 7 litters), 12% (n = 9), 18% (n = 9), or 25% (n = 10) casein prior to mating and throughout pregnancy. At birth, litters were fostered to well-nourished control mothers fed a 25% casein diet during pregnancy, and an adequate protein diet (25% casein) was provided to weaning. On postnatal days 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13, homing behaviors, including activity levels, rate of successful returns to the nest quadrant and latencies to reach the nest over a 3-minute test period were recorded from two starting positions in the home cage. Adult body and brain weights were obtained at sacrifice (postnatal day 130 or 200).
RESULTS
Growth was impaired in pups whose mothers were fed a 6% or, to a lesser extent, a 12% casein diet relative to pups whose mothers were fed the 18 and 25% casein diets. The 6 and 12% prenatal protein levels resulted in lower activity levels, with the greatest reduction on postnatal day 13. However, only the 6% pups had reduced success and higher latencies in reaching the nest quadrant when compared with pups from the three other nutrition groups. Latency in reaching the nest quadrant was significantly and negatively associated with adult brain weight.
DISCUSSION
Home orientation is a sensitive measure of developmental deficits associated with variations in prenatal protein levels, including levels of protein deficiency that do not lead to overt growth failure.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Caseins; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Dietary Proteins; Female; Fetal Development; Growth Disorders; Homing Behavior; Male; Organ Size; Paternal Exposure; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Protein Deficiency; Random Allocation; Rats, Long-Evans; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Weight Gain
PubMed: 25603489
DOI: 10.1179/1476830515Y.0000000001 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Oct 1985
Review
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Body Composition; Central Nervous System; Digestive System; Endocrine Glands; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Prognosis; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Proteins
PubMed: 3932990
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.61.720.915 -
Gut Aug 1985Linear and stereological morphometric methods were applied to the jejunal and ileal mucosa of young, adult, and old male Wistar rats submitted to protein deficiency and...
Linear and stereological morphometric methods were applied to the jejunal and ileal mucosa of young, adult, and old male Wistar rats submitted to protein deficiency and rehabilitation. The animals were fed ad libitum a 2% casein diet during 42 days and then received a 20% casein diet for 30 days. Food intake, body weights, and plasma protein concentrations were recorded. In the young protein deficient rats values of mucosal height, surface area, and volume of the lamina propria were significantly lower than those of their age controls in both jejunum and ileum. In adults the differences were less marked and in the old rats all parameters were found to be unaltered by the protein deficient diet. The surface-to-volume ratio showed no significant differences between control and protein deficient in all three age groups, meaning that villus pattern did not change with protein deficiency. On rehabilitation, a striking difference between jejunum and ileum was observed in the young rats; all parameters returned to control levels in the jejunum, while they remained lower than those of their controls in the ileum.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Body Weight; Ileum; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Microvilli; Protein Deficiency; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains
PubMed: 4018648
DOI: 10.1136/gut.26.8.816 -
Brazilian Journal of Medical and... Nov 2010Maternal dietary protein restriction during pregnancy is associated with low fetal birth weight and leads to renal morphological and physiological changes. Different... (Review)
Review
Maternal dietary protein restriction during pregnancy is associated with low fetal birth weight and leads to renal morphological and physiological changes. Different mechanisms can contribute to this phenotype: exposure to fetal glucocorticoid, alterations in the components of the renin-angiotensin system, apoptosis, and DNA methylation. A low-protein diet during gestation decreases the activity of placental 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, exposing the fetus to glucocorticoids and resetting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the offspring. The abnormal function/expression of type 1 (AT1(R)) or type 2 (AT2(R)) AngII receptors during any period of life may be the consequence or cause of renal adaptation. AT1(R) is up-regulated, compared with control, on the first day after birth of offspring born to low-protein diet mothers, but this protein appears to be down-regulated by 12 days of age and thereafter. In these offspring, AT2(R) expression differs from control at 1 day of age, but is also down-regulated thereafter, with low nephron numbers at all ages: from the fetal period, at the end of nephron formation, and during adulthood. However, during adulthood, the glomerular filtration rate is not altered, due to glomerulus and podocyte hypertrophy. Kidney tubule transporters are regulated by physiological mechanisms; Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase is inhibited by AngII and, in this model, the down-regulated AngII receptors fail to inhibit Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, leading to increased Na(+) reabsorption, contributing to the hypertensive status. We also considered the modulation of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors during nephrogenesis, since organogenesis depends upon a tight balance between proliferation, differentiation and cell death.
Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Birth Weight; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney; Kidney Glomerulus; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Deficiency; Receptors, Angiotensin; Renin-Angiotensin System
PubMed: 21049242
DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500113