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MBio Oct 2019Swarmer cells of the Gram-negative uropathogenic bacteria and become long (>10 to 100 μm) and multinucleate during their growth and motility on polymer surfaces. We...
Swarmer cells of the Gram-negative uropathogenic bacteria and become long (>10 to 100 μm) and multinucleate during their growth and motility on polymer surfaces. We demonstrated that the increasing cell length is accompanied by a large increase in flexibility. Using a microfluidic assay to measure single-cell mechanics, we identified large differences in the swarmer cell stiffness (bending rigidity) of (5.5 × 10 N m) and (1.0 × 10 N m) compared to vegetative cells (1.4 × 10 N m and 2.2 × 10 N m, respectively). The reduction in bending rigidity (∼2-fold to ∼26-fold) was accompanied by a decrease in the average polysaccharide strand length of the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall from 28 to 30 disaccharides to 19 to 22 disaccharides. Atomic force microscopy revealed a reduction in peptidoglycan thickness from 1.5 nm (vegetative cells) to 1.0 nm (swarmer cells), and electron cryotomography indicated changes in swarmer cell wall morphology. and swarmer cells became increasingly sensitive to osmotic pressure and susceptible to cell wall-modifying antibiotics (compared to vegetative cells)-they were ∼30% more likely to die after 3 h of treatment with MICs of the β-lactams cephalexin and penicillin G. The adaptive cost of "swarming" was offset by the increase in cell susceptibility to physical and chemical changes in their environment, thereby suggesting the development of new chemotherapies for bacteria that leverage swarming for the colonization of hosts and for survival. and are bacteria that infect humans. To adapt to environmental changes, these bacteria alter their cell morphology and move collectively to access new sources of nutrients in a process referred to as "swarming." We found that changes in the composition and thickness of the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall make swarmer cells of and more flexible (i.e., reduce cell stiffness) and that they become more sensitive to osmotic pressure and cell wall-targeting antibiotics (e.g., β-lactams). These results highlight the importance of assessing the extracellular environment in determining antibiotic doses and the use of β-lactam antibiotics for treating infections caused by swarmer cells of and .
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chemical Phenomena; Locomotion; Mechanical Phenomena; Microbial Viability; Microfluidics; Osmotic Pressure; Peptidoglycan; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Proteus mirabilis; Single-Cell Analysis; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 31594808
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00210-19 -
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology Oct 2007Proteus mirabilis is a common causative agent of cystitis and pyelonephritis in patients with urinary catheters or structural abnormalities of the urinary tract. Several... (Review)
Review
Proteus mirabilis is a common causative agent of cystitis and pyelonephritis in patients with urinary catheters or structural abnormalities of the urinary tract. Several types of fimbriae, which are potentially involved in adhesion to the uroepithelium, can be expressed simultaneously by P. mirabilis: mannose-resistant/Proteus-like (MR/P) fimbriae, P. mirabilis fimbriae (PMF), uroepithelial cell adhesin (UCA), renamed by some authors nonagglutinating fimbriae (NAF), and ambient-temperature fimbriae (ATF). Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of biofilm formation on catheter material and MR/P fimbriae are involved in this process. The considerable serious pathology caused by P. mirabilis in the urinary tract warrants the development of a prophylactic vaccine, and several studies have pointed to MR/P fimbriae as a potential target for immunization. This article reviews P. mirabilis fimbriae with regard to their participation in uropathogenesis, biofilm formation and as vaccine targets.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Vaccines; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Humans; Mannose; Proteus mirabilis; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 17640292
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2007.00284.x -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2021-mediated CAUTIs are usually initiated by the adherence of bacteria to a urinary catheter surface. In this paper, three isolates of different origin and exhibiting...
-mediated CAUTIs are usually initiated by the adherence of bacteria to a urinary catheter surface. In this paper, three isolates of different origin and exhibiting different adhesion abilities were investigated in search of any changes in lipidome components which might contribute to adhesion to catheters. Using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS techniques, 21 fatty acids and 27 phospholipids were identified in the examined cells. The comparison of the profiles of phospholipids and fatty acids obtained for catheter-attached cells and planktonic cells of the pathogens indicated C11:0 and PE 37:2 levels as values which could be related to adhesion to a catheter, as well as C16:1, PE 32:0, PE 33:0, PE 38:2, PG 33:1, PG 34:0, PE 30:1, PE 32:1 and PG 30:2 levels as values which could be associated with cell hydrophobicity. Based on DiBAC (3) fluorescence intensity and an affinity to -xylene, it was found that the inner membrane depolarization, as well as strong cell-surface hydrophobicity, were important for adhesion to a silicone catheter. A generalized polarization of Laurdan showed lower values for cells attached to the catheter surface than for planktonic cells, suggesting lower packing density of membrane components of the adherent cells compared with tightly packed, stiffened membranes of the planktonic cells. Taken together, these data indicate that high surface hydrophobicity, fluidization and depolarization of cell membranes enable colonization of a silicone urinary catheter surface.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Fatty Acids; Humans; Phospholipids; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Urinary Catheters
PubMed: 34445157
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168452 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023is a Gram-negative Gammaproteobacterium and a major causative agent of urinary tract infections in humans. It is characterized by its ability to switch between swimming...
is a Gram-negative Gammaproteobacterium and a major causative agent of urinary tract infections in humans. It is characterized by its ability to switch between swimming motility in liquid media and swarming on solid surfaces. Here, we used cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging to reveal the structure of the flagellar motor of at nanometer resolution in intact cells. We found that has a motor that is structurally similar to those of and , lacking the periplasmic elaborations that characterize other more specialized gammaproteobacterial motors. In addition, no density corresponding to stators was present in the subtomogram average suggesting that the stators are dynamic. Finally, several assembly intermediates of the motor were seen that support the inside-out assembly pathway.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Electron Microscope Tomography; Escherichia coli; Flagella; Proteus mirabilis; Salmonella enterica; Molecular Motor Proteins
PubMed: 37176000
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098292 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2017Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) are the principal hospital-acquired infections. is characterized by several virulence factors able...
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) are the principal hospital-acquired infections. is characterized by several virulence factors able to promote adhesion and biofilm formation and ameliorate the colonization of urinary tract and the formation of crystalline biofilms on the abiotic surface of the urinary catheters. Since, to date, the role of in the etiopathogenesis of different types of urinary tract infections is not well established, in this study we sought to characterize two different clinically isolated strains of (PM1 and PM2) with distinctive phenotypes and analyzed various virulence factors possibly implicated in the ability to induce UTIs and CAUTIs. In particular, we analyzed motility, biofilm formation both on abiotic and biotic surfaces of PM1 and PM2 and paralleled these parameters with the ability to induce an inflammatory response in an epithelial cell model. Results showed that PM1 displayed major motility and a capacity to form biofilm and was associated with an anti-inflammatory response of host cells. Conversely, PM2 exhibited lack motility and a had slower organization in biofilm but promoted an increase of proinflammatory cytokine expression in infected epithelial cells. Our study provides data useful to start uncovering the pathologic basis of -associated urinary infections. The evidence of different virulence factors expressed by PM1 and PM2 highlights the possibility to use precise and personalized therapies targeting specific virulence pathways.
Topics: Biofilms; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunomodulation; Phenotype; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Urinary Tract Infections; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 28212280
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020414 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Sep 2020Given the need to understand the virulence profile of Proteus mirabilis isolates from cellulitis in broiler chickens and their ability to cause lesions, the present...
Given the need to understand the virulence profile of Proteus mirabilis isolates from cellulitis in broiler chickens and their ability to cause lesions, the present study aimed to characterize genotypically and phenotypically the virulence profiles of two strains of P. mirabilis isolated from cellulitis in broilers, as well as to evaluate their ability to experimentally reproduce the lesions in vivo. The strain with the highest virulence potential (LBUEL-A33) possessed mrpA, pmfA, ucaA, atfA (fimbriae), zapA, ptA (proteases), hpmA (hemolysin), and ireA (siderophore) genes, formed a very strong biofilm, and expressed the pattern of aggregative adhesion and cytotoxicity in Vero cells. The strain with the lowest virulence potential (LBUEL-A34) did not present the pmfA and ucaA genes, but expressed the pattern of aggregative adhesion, formed a strong biofilm, and did not show cytotoxicity. Both strains developed cellulitis in an animal model within 24 h post-inoculation (PI), and the degree of lesions was not significantly altered up to 120 h PI. The LBUEL-A33 strain was also inoculated in combination with an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC 046), and the lesions showed no significant changes from the individual inoculation of these two strains. Histological analysis showed that the LBUEL-A33 strain developed characteristic cellulitis lesions. Thus, both strains of P. mirabilis isolated in our study have several virulence factors and the ability to develop cellulitis in broilers.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Cellulitis; Chickens; Chlorocebus aethiops; Poultry Diseases; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Virulence
PubMed: 32067208
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00240-1 -
Archives of Razi Institute Dec 2022belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae and is capable of transforming in shape from rod to elongated and swarming motility by flagella. It is an opportunity for...
belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae and is capable of transforming in shape from rod to elongated and swarming motility by flagella. It is an opportunity for bacteria and can cause different clinical diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to assay and detect a sequence of genes that encode for antibiotic resistance in multidrug resistance clinical isolates of , including , , qnrA, , and secondly to investigate the relationship in the phylogenetic tree among these genes in Iraq comparison with global strains in NCBI. The study included the identifying of 500 clinical samples depending on morphological and biochemical tests and confirming diagnosis by the VITEK-2 Compact system. The confirmed isolates of were 95 clinical isolates (19%). Antibiotic susceptibility test of all these isolates was done using twelve antibiotics tested using Amoxicillin, Aztreonam, Imipenem, Cefoxitin, Amikacin, Ceftazidem, Ciprofloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Gentamicin, Sulphamethazol-trimethoprim, Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The results showed that multidrug resistance isolates contained the genes in different levels as follow gene (90%), gene (80%) , gene (100%), gene (80%). These genes were sequenced and detected phylogenetic relationships among these genes and global genes were documented in NCBI. The results showed that some Iraqi isolates contain genetic variation compared to global strains. Therefore, this variation was detected and registered in NCBI of all five antibiotic resistance genes mentioned above and accepted under accession numbers of gene (LC613168.1), gene (LC613166.1), gene (LC613169.1), gene (LC613170.1).
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Phylogeny; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis
PubMed: 37274906
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2022.358489.2230 -
Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research... Oct 2020The objectives of this study were to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical significance of in canine bacteriuria and to identify the risk factors...
The objectives of this study were to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical significance of in canine bacteriuria and to identify the risk factors associated with urinary tract infections. This is a retrospective observational study of 48 -positive canine urinary cultures. Only 22 of the 48 isolates (45.8%) were non-susceptible to at least one tested antimicrobial. Most isolates (98%) were susceptible to enrofloxacin, 93.7% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and 85.4% to ampicillin, cephalothin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Five multidrug-resistant isolates were detected (10.4%). A significant increase in antimicrobial resistance was observed over the study period. Positive cultures were associated with bacterial cystitis in 36 of 39 dogs (92.3%), pyelonephritis in 2 of 39 dogs (5.1%), and one dog had both bacterial cystitis and pyelonephritis (2.5%). There was no subclinical bacteriuria. Most urinary tract infections were complicated as risk factors were identified in 37 of 39 dogs (94.8%). The most commonly identified risk factors were the presence of a contaminated peri-vulvar area with urine/feces or a hypoplastic vulva. To conclude, bacteriuria was associated with upper and lower urinary tract infections in this study and was found more frequently in complicated bacterial cystitis. Multidrug-resistant isolates and increased antimicrobial resistance have been identified over the last 10 years, but most isolates remain susceptible to first-line antimicrobials such as amoxicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Male; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Retrospective Studies; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 33012973
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Mar 2020Pathogenic bacteria can enter into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state under unfavourable conditions. Proteus mirabilis is responsible for dire clinical...
Pathogenic bacteria can enter into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state under unfavourable conditions. Proteus mirabilis is responsible for dire clinical consequences including septicaemia, urinary tract infections and pneumonia, but is not a species previously known to enter VBNC state. We suggested that stress-induced P. mirabilis can enter a VBNC state in which it retains virulence. P. mirabilis isolates were incubated in extreme osmotic pressure, starvation, low temperature and low pH to induce a VBNC state. Resuscitation was induced by temperature upshift and inoculation in tryptone soy broth with Tween 20 and brain heart infusion broth. Cellular ultrastructure and gene expression were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. High osmotic pressure and low acidity caused rapid entry into VBNC state. Temperature upshift caused the highest percentage of resuscitation (93%) under different induction conditions. In the VBNC state, cells showed aberrant and dwarf morphology, virulence genes and stress response genes (envZ and rpoS) were expressed (levels varied depending on strain and inducing factors). This is the first-time characterization of VBNC P. mirabilis. The ability of P. mirabilis pathogenic strains to enter a stress-induced VBNC state can be a serious public health threat.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Microbial Viability; Proteus mirabilis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 32030883
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15031 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2024OXA-48-like enzymes represent the most frequently detected carbapenemases in Enterobacterales in Western Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. In contrast to other...
OXA-48-like enzymes represent the most frequently detected carbapenemases in Enterobacterales in Western Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. In contrast to other species, the presence of OXA-48-like in leads to an unusually susceptible phenotype with low MICs for carbapenems and piperacillin-tazobactam, which is easily missed in the diagnostic laboratory. So far, there is little data available on the genetic environments of the corresponding genes, -like, in In this study susceptibility phenotypes and genomic data of 13 OXA-48-like-producing were investigated (OXA-48, = 9; OXA-181, = 3; OXA-162, = 1). Ten isolates were susceptible to meropenem and ertapenem and three isolates were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam. The gene was chromosomally located in 7/9 isolates. Thereof, in three isolates was inserted into a genomic island. Of the three isolates harbouring one was located on an IncX3 plasmid and two were located on a novel MOB plasmid, pOXA-P12, within the new transposon Tn. In 5/6 isolates with plasmidic location of like, the plasmids could conjugate to recipients . , -carrying plasmids could conjugate from other Enterobacterales into a recipient. These data show a high diversity of -like genetic environments compared to other Enterobacterales, where genetic environments are quite homogenous. Given the difficult-to-detect phenotype of OXA-48-like-producing and the location of -like on mobile genetic elements it is likely that OXA-48-like-producing can disseminate, escape most surveillance systems, and contribute to a hidden spread of OXA-48-like.
Topics: Proteus mirabilis; beta-Lactamases; Bacterial Proteins; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Humans; Proteus Infections; Plasmids; Genomic Islands; Carbapenems
PubMed: 38712879
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2353310