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Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Sep 2023Emergence of carbapenemase and tigecycline resistance genes in pathogens threatens the efficacy of last-resort antibiotics. High attention should be paid to the spread...
OBJECTIVES
Emergence of carbapenemase and tigecycline resistance genes in pathogens threatens the efficacy of last-resort antibiotics. High attention should be paid to the spread and convergence of such resistance genes. This study reports an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Providencia rettgeri clinical strain co-harbouring carbapenemase genes bla, bla and the tmexCD3-toprJ1b gene cluster.
METHODS
The phenotype and genotype of P. rettgeri Pre20-95 were investigated by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation assay, stability testing and whole genome sequencing. Bioinformatics tools were used to uncover the genetic structures of its multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmid pPre20-95-1 and SXT/R391 integrative and conjugative element ICEPreChn20-95.
RESULTS
P. rettgeri strain Pre20-95 was isolated from a human clinical infection and displayed an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis identified a pPrY2001-like MDR plasmid, namely pPre20-95-1, co-harbouring bla and bla genes in Pre20-95. The multidrug resistance region of pPre20-95-1 was composed of a Tn6625-derived module and a ∆Tn1696 structure, and bla and bla were located in a composite Tn structure consisting of insertion sequences ISCR1 and ISAba125 and an In125-like class 1 integron, respectively. Furthermore, the novel RND efflux pump gene cluster tmexCD3-toprJ1b was identified on the SXT/R391 ICE ICEPreChn20-95 of its chromosome, and reverse PCR showed that it could form a circular intermediate for transmission.
CONCLUSION
Our findings highlight further dissemination of the tmexCD3-toprJ1b gene cluster into a clinical isolate of P. rettgeri and convergence with multiple carbapenemase genes, which increases the risk of the emergence of XDR strains and threatens the treatment of Enterobacterales bacterial infections.
Topics: Humans; Enterobacteriaceae Infections
PubMed: 37536658
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.07.018 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Mar 2020A molecular analysis was performed of two Providencia rettgeri (P. rettgeri) strains (Pr 297 and Pr 269) collected in 2007 and 2009 from wound swabs of patients admitted...
OBJECTIVES
A molecular analysis was performed of two Providencia rettgeri (P. rettgeri) strains (Pr 297 and Pr 269) collected in 2007 and 2009 from wound swabs of patients admitted to the intensive care units at Joseph Ravoangy Andrianavalona hospital and the Military Hospital in Antananarivo, Madagascar.
METHODS
The two P. rettgeri isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing. Whole genome sequencing was performed to characterise the antibiotic resistance genes, genomic islands and mobilomes (integrons, plasmids and insertion sequences).
RESULTS
All isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant. Antibiotic-resistant genes described were amongst eight different classes of antimicrobial agents. Thirty insertion sequences and twelve genomic islands were predicted in each genome. Class 1 and class 2 integrons were found in both genomes, with gene cassette regions encompassing arr-2 - cmlA5 - bla - ant (3")-Ia and dfrA1 - sat2 - ant (3")-Ia - orfX, respectively. IncA/C2, ColM and ColE1-like plasmids were described harbouring bla, qnrD and aac(6')-Ib-cr4 genes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Pr 297 and Pr 269 isolates were genetically identical and clustered with P. rettgeri strains described in the USA and Spain.
CONCLUSIONS
It is believed that this is the first molecular characterisation of wound infection pathogens from Madagascan patients and the first description of P. rettgeri co-producing CMY-30, OXA-10 and AAC(6')-Ib-cr4 enzymes. The diversity of the resistance determinants and mobile genetic elements was probably due to extensive horizontal gene transfer events, highlighting the need to conduct further molecular monitoring studies to understand the genomic plasticity of resistant bacteria in Madagascan hospitals.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genome, Bacterial; Genomic Islands; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Interspersed Repetitive Sequences; Madagascar; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Plasmids; Providencia; Spain; United States; Whole Genome Sequencing; Wound Infection
PubMed: 31325615
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.07.013 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Sep 2022New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacterales was first detected in Brazil in 2014, in a Providencia rettgeri isolate recovered from surveillance swabs... (Review)
Review
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacterales was first detected in Brazil in 2014, in a Providencia rettgeri isolate recovered from surveillance swabs in the Southern region. Since then, an increasing number of NDM enzymes have been reported in different species. Nevertheless, comprehensive data on the current epidemiology of NDM-producing Enterobacterales in Brazil are lacking. Therefore, this study reviewed the available information on the status of NDM-producing bacteria in Brazil. The main finding was the diversity of bacteria producing NDM, including Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Morganella, Proteus, Escherichia, and Providencia. Limited data on clonality are available, but a few studies report different clonal backgrounds in NDM-producing K. pneumoniae, likely indicating local outbreaks. Over the years, a rise in the number of reported strains in different locations has been verified; however, different biases may have contributed to this finding. Therefore, a national surveillance study is warranted to identify the actual prevalence and incidence of NDM-producing Enterobacterales in Brazil and their role in patient management and outcome.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brazil; Enterobacter; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 35690653
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00779-1 -
BMC Microbiology Nov 2020Providencia rettgeri is a nosocomial pathogen associated with urinary tract infections and related to Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI). In recent years isolates...
BACKGROUND
Providencia rettgeri is a nosocomial pathogen associated with urinary tract infections and related to Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI). In recent years isolates producing New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) and other β-lactamases have been reported that reduce the efficiency of clinical antimicrobial treatments. In this study, we analyzed antibiotic resistance, the presence of resistance genes and the clonal relationship of two P. rettgeri isolates obtained from male patients admitted to the same hospital in Bogotá - Colombia, 2015.
RESULTS
Antibiotic susceptibility profile evaluated by the Kirby-Bauer method revealed that both isolates were resistant to third-generation carbapenems and cephalosporins. Whole-genome sequencing (Illumina HiSeq) followed by SPAdes assembling, Prokka annotation in combination with an in-house Python program and resistance gene detection by ResFinder identified the same six β-lactamase genes in both isolates: bla, bla, bla, bla, bla and bla. Additionally, various resistance genes associated with antibiotic target alteration (arnA, PmrE, PmrF, LpxA, LpxC, gyrB, folP, murA, rpoB, rpsL, tet34) were found and four efflux pumps (RosAB, EmrD, mdtH and cmlA). The additional resistance to gentamicin in one of the two isolates could be explained by a detected SNP in CpxA (Cys191Arg) which is involved in the stress response of the bacterial envelope. Genome BLAST comparison using CGView, the ANI value (99.99%) and the pangenome (using Roary) phylogenetic tree (same clade, small distance) showed high similarity between the isolates. The rMLST analysis indicated that both isolates were typed as rST-61,696, same as the RB151 isolate previously isolated in Bucaramanga, Colombia, 2013, and the FDAARGOS_330 isolate isolated in the USA, 2015.
CONCLUSIONS
We report the coexistence of the carbapenemase genes bla, and bla, together with the β-lactamase genes bla, bla, bla and bla, in P. rettgeri isolates from two patients in Colombia. Whole-genome sequence analysis indicated a circulation of P. rettgeri rST-61,696 strains in America that needs to be investigated further.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Colombia; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Providencia; beta-Lactam Resistance; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 33183231
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02030-z -
BMC Microbiology Oct 2023This study aimed to investigate the clinical infection characteristics and analyze the resistance gene carrying status of carbapenem-resistant Providencia rettgeri via...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the clinical infection characteristics and analyze the resistance gene carrying status of carbapenem-resistant Providencia rettgeri via whole genome sequencing (WGS).
METHODS
Carbapenem-resistant P. rettgeri were collected from clinical patients between January 2020 and December 2021, and their susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial drugs was determined using the VITEK 2 Compact system and Kirby-Bauer (KB) disk diffusion method. The Illumina platform was used to perform WGS of the P. rettgeri isolates, and the resistance genes carried by the Carbapenem-resistant P. rettgeri strains were detected via ABRicate software. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by thirty-four strains including twenty-eight strains downloaded from NCBI database and the carbapenem-resistant six P. rettgeri strains in this study. Which based on genomic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) to understand the affinities of the carbapenem-resistant P. rettgeri strains.
RESULTS
Six carbapenem-resistant P. rettgeri strains were isolated from five different clinical departments using the blood, urine, sputum, and secretion specimens. These infected patients are middle-aged and elderly people with a history of severe trauma, tumors, hypertension, and various other underlying diseases, and invasive procedures. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing showed that all strains presented resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ertapenem, whereas they exhibited full susceptibility to cefepime and amikacin. Most strains demonstrated high resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides. Thirty-five resistance genes were identified by ABRicate. All carbapenem-resistant P. rettgeri strains carried aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, sulfonamide, and β-lactam resistance genes, and most importantly, all strains possessed the carbapenem resistance gene bla. The six P. rettgeri strains in this study and the 28 carbapenem-resistant P. rettgeri strains from the NCBI database were divided into four evolutionary groups. The WF3643, WF3849, WF3822, and WF3821 strains in this study were in the same evolutionary group (clade A), while the closely related WF3099 and WF3279 strains were in different evolutionary groups (clade B and clade D), respectively. The WF3099 strain was distantly related to the other five strains.
CONCLUSION
Carbapenem-resistant P. rettgeri strains were mostly isolated from middle-aged and older patients with a history of surgery or serious underlying diseases, and they were found to cause multisystem infections. All Carbapenem-resistant P. rettgeri strains in this study carried bla and multiple antimicrobial drug resistance genes. Furthermore, the P. rettgeri strains in this study were closely related, suggesting the possibility of nosocomial infections. Therefore, our study highlights the need for research on P. rettgeri to control the spread of these nosocomial infections.
Topics: Middle Aged; Aged; Humans; beta-Lactamases; Phylogeny; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbapenems; Aminoglycosides; Whole Genome Sequencing; Cross Infection; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37789331
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03032-3 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Jun 2019Bacterial diseases are one of the major problems in freshwater fish culture and have been linked to significant losses and high mortality rate. In this study, Nile...
Bacterial diseases are one of the major problems in freshwater fish culture and have been linked to significant losses and high mortality rate. In this study, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus was infected by Providencia rettgeri to evaluate the oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in the fish tissues. Juvenile Nile tilapia was divided into two groups, as follow: control (uninfected) and experimentally infected with 100 μL of P. rettgeri suspension containing 2.4 × 10 viable cells/fish, and the liver and kidney tissues were collected on days 7 and 14 post-infection (PI). Liver and kidney ROS and lipid peroxidation levels were high in infected fish on day 14 PI compared to control group, while superoxide dismutase activity was lower in liver (days 7 and 14 PI) and kidney (day 14 PI) compared to their respective control groups. Liver and kidney antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, non-proteic, and proteic thiols levels was lower in infected tilapia on day 14 PI compared to control group. Based on these results, P. rettgeri infection may elicit oxidative damage via increased ROS production, decreased ROS elimination and inhibits enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems; which may contribute directly to disease pathophysiology of infected animals.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Brazil; Cichlids; Disease Models, Animal; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Kidney; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Oxidative Stress; Providencia; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tilapia
PubMed: 30978428
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.04.007 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Soil salinity has adverse effects on soil microbial activity and nutrient cycles and therefore limits crop growth and yield. Amendments with halotolerant...
Soil salinity has adverse effects on soil microbial activity and nutrient cycles and therefore limits crop growth and yield. Amendments with halotolerant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and rock phosphate (RP) may improve properties of saline soil. In this study, we investigated the effects of RP either alone or in combination with PSB ( strain TPM23) on peanut growth and soil quality in a saline soil. With the combined application of RP and PSB, plant length and biomass (roots and shoots) and uptake of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and potassium (K) increased significantly. Soil Na and Cl contents decreased in the PR alone or PR combined with PSB treatment groups. There were strongly synergistic effects of RP and PSB on soil quality, including a decrease in pH. The soil available N, P, and K contents were significantly affected by the PSB treatments. In addition, the alkaline phosphomonoesterases, urease, and dehydrogenase activities increased significantly compared with the untreated group; highest alkaline phosphomonoesterases activity was observed in the RP and PSB treatment groups. The composition of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities was determined using 454-pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In the PR alone or PR combined with PSB treatment groups, the structure of the soil bacterial community improved with increasing richness and diversity. With PSB inoculation, the relative abundance of , , and increased. The three phyla were also positively correlated with soil available N and root dry weight. These results suggested microbiological mechanisms by which the combined use of RP and PSB improved saline soil and promoted plant growth. Overall, the study indicates the combined use of RP and PSB can be an economical and sustainable strategy to increase plant growth in P-deficient and salt-affected soils.
PubMed: 35027913
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.777351 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... May 2018Nosocomial outbreak due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae has become serious challenge to patient treatment and infection control. We describe an outbreak due...
Emergence of multidrug-resistant Providencia rettgeri isolates co-producing NDM-1 carbapenemase and PER-1 extended-spectrum β-lactamase causing a first outbreak in Korea.
BACKGROUND
Nosocomial outbreak due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae has become serious challenge to patient treatment and infection control. We describe an outbreak due to a multidrug-resistant Providencia rettgeri from January 2016 to January 2017 at a University Hospital in Seoul, Korea.
METHODS
A total of eight non-duplicate P. rettgeri isolates were discovered from urine samples from eight patients having a urinary catheter and admitted in a surgical intensive care unit. The β-lactamase genes were identified using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing, and strain typing was done with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
RESULTS
All isolates showed high-level resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, aztreonam, meropenem, ertapenem, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin. They harbored the bla carbapenemase and the bla type extended-spectrum β-lactamases genes. PFGE revealed that all isolates from eight patients were closely related strains.
CONCLUSIONS
The 13-month outbreak ended following reinforcement of infection control measures, including contact isolation precautions and environmental disinfection. This is the first report of an outbreak of a P. rettgeri clinical isolates co-producing NDM-1 and PER-1 β-lactamase.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Female; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Providencia; Republic of Korea; Urinary Catheters; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 29728111
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-018-0272-y -
Journal of Neurosurgery. Case Lessons Aug 2021is a rare cause of nosocomial infection in humans. These organisms are capable of biofilm production and are intrinsically resistant to commonly used antibiotics,...
BACKGROUND
is a rare cause of nosocomial infection in humans. These organisms are capable of biofilm production and are intrinsically resistant to commonly used antibiotics, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality. may very rarely cause postneurosurgical infection.
OBSERVATIONS
In this report, the authors describe two patients in whom infection complicated the postoperative course. Both the patients underwent craniotomy at approximately the same time under similar environments. The organism isolated was resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics, and therapy tailored to the results of susceptibility testing led to resolution of infection in both cases.
LESSONS
is a rare cause of postneurosurgical nosocomial infection. Timely identification and early tailoring of antibiotic therapy based on susceptibility testing is the key to treatment. Every effort should be made to identify the source of infection and rectify it so that mortality, morbidity, and financial burden are reduced. Contact isolation and use of sterile gloves after each patient contact are effective in preventing its spread, as in most cases of nosocomial infection.
PubMed: 35855091
DOI: 10.3171/CASE21318 -
Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni Jul 2018Our country is the epicenter of the OXA-48-like carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella and Escherichia coli; and in the recent years, the concern has been increasing due to...
Our country is the epicenter of the OXA-48-like carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella and Escherichia coli; and in the recent years, the concern has been increasing due to both spreading of this resistance to other members of Enterobacteriaceae family and acquiring other carbapenemases by the OXA-48-producing strains. In this study, OXA-48 and NDM-1 co-production was presented in Providencia rettgeri. Two P.rettgeri strains that were resistant to all antimicrobials except colistin and tigecyclin, were isolated from two patients in the burn unit of our hospital, including one from the urine sample of a 68 years female in April 2017, and the other from a burn wound swab of a 35 years old male, in November 2017. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the isolates for imipenem and meropenem were measured as ≥ 32 µg/ml; and for colistin and tigecyclin were 1 ve 0.5 µg/ml, respectively. Multiplex PCR analysis showed that both strains were carrying and carbapenemases, and extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes. By using DNA sequence analysis, the TEM gene was typed as blaTEM-1. The Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis indicated that these two strains which were consecutively isolated from two different patients in a single unit within about seven months were genetically indistinguishable. No significant data that could explain the spread of these isolates was obtained from our retrospective analysis of the medical records including the results of environmental surveillance cultures, and patients' history. Nevertheless, hospital infection control committee enforced the infection control measures in that unit, and no further isolation was observed within three months period following the last isolation, neither from environmental nor from clinical samples. With this study, it was emphasized that the co-production of OXA-48 and NDM-1 carbapenemases which was reported from only three Enterobacteriaceae species up to date was ongoing for spreading to other species by using horizontal route, and also showing a potential to be a growing problem in the hospitals, by clonal expansion (vertical route). Effectively using of the molecular epidemiological methods will provide useful data to better understand the transmission dynamics of such rare, but problematic species in hospitals.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Providencia; Retrospective Studies; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 30156516
DOI: 10.5578/mb.67153