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Schizophrenia Bulletin Feb 2020In 1874, Karl Kahlbaum described catatonia as an independent syndrome characterized by motor, affective, and behavioral anomalies. In the following years, various...
In 1874, Karl Kahlbaum described catatonia as an independent syndrome characterized by motor, affective, and behavioral anomalies. In the following years, various catatonia concepts were established with all sharing the prime focus on motor and behavioral symptoms while largely neglecting affective changes. In 21st century, catatonia is a well-characterized clinical syndrome. Yet, its neurobiological origin is still not clear because methodological shortcomings of hitherto studies had hampered this challenging effort. To fully capture the clinical picture of catatonia as emphasized by Karl Kahlbaum, 2 decades ago a new catatonia scale was developed (Northoff Catatonia Rating Scale [NCRS]). Since then, studies have used NCRS to allow for a more mechanistic insight of catatonia. Here, we undertook a systematic review searching for neuroimaging studies using motor/behavioral catatonia rating scales/criteria and NCRS published up to March 31, 2019. We included 19 neuroimaging studies. Studies using motor/behavioral catatonia rating scales/criteria depict cortical and subcortical motor regions mediated by dopamine as neuronal and biochemical substrates of catatonia. In contrast, studies relying on NCRS found rather aberrant higher-order frontoparietal networks which, biochemically, are insufficiently modulated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic and glutamatergic transmission. This is further supported by the high therapeutic efficacy of GABAergic agents in acute catatonia. In sum, this systematic review points out the difference between motor/behavioral and NCRS-based classification of catatonia on both neuronal and biochemical grounds. That highlights the importance of Kahlbaum's original truly psychomotor concept of catatonia for guiding both research and clinical diagnosis and therapy.
Topics: Brain; Catatonia; Humans; Psychomotor Disorders
PubMed: 31361896
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz074 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Aug 2022Reward-based reinforcement learning impairments are common in major depressive disorder, but it is unclear which aspects of reward-based reinforcement learning are...
Reward-based reinforcement learning impairments are common in major depressive disorder, but it is unclear which aspects of reward-based reinforcement learning are disrupted in remitted major depression (rMDD). Given that the neurobiological substrates that implement reward-based RL are also strongly implicated in psychomotor retardation (PmR), the present study sought to test whether reward-based reinforcement learning is altered in rMDD individuals with a history of PmR. Three groups of individuals (1) rMDD with past PmR (PmR+, N = 34), (2) rMDD without past PmR (PmR-, N = 44), and (3) healthy controls (N = 90) completed a reward-based reinforcement learning task. Computational modeling was applied to test for group differences in model-derived parameters - specifically, learning rates and reward sensitivity. Compared to controls, rMDD PmR + exhibited lower learning rates, but not reduced reward sensitivity. By contrast, rMDD PmR- did not significantly differ from controls on either of the model-derived parameters. Follow-up analyses indicated that the results were not due to current psychopathology symptoms. Results indicate that a history of PmR predicts altered reward-based reinforcement learning in rMDD. Abnormal reward-related reinforcement learning may reflect a scar of past depressive episodes that contained psychomotor symptoms, or a trait-like deficit that preceded these episodes.
Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Learning; Psychomotor Disorders; Reinforcement, Psychology; Reward
PubMed: 35738160
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.032 -
Anales de Pediatria Oct 2020The rate of premature births has significantly increased, and it is important to determine its effects. The objective of this study is to determine the psychomotor... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
The rate of premature births has significantly increased, and it is important to determine its effects. The objective of this study is to determine the psychomotor development profile of a group of children born prematurely, at the age of 4, 5 and 6, and to compare them with a group of full-term birth children, in order to detect any differences.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The sample consisted of 98 participants, evenly distributed into two groups, premature and full-term born children. A prospective longitudinal observational analytical study, with a design of cases and controls, was carried out. For some analyses, the separation into early pre-term, moderate pre-term, and late pre-term was considered. The evaluations were performed using the McCarthy Scale of Aptitudes and Psychomotor skills for children.
RESULTS
The data shows achievements within the middle intervals. However, there are more difficulties in development at 4 years in the group of premature children, according to gestational age. Early pre-term (gestational age less than 32 weeks) showed significantly lower scores compared to moderate and late pre-term, mainly at 6 years, and with those born at term, at 4 and 6 years.
CONCLUSIONS
Development difficulties are greater at a lower gestational age, and may affect the Primary Education stage. The need to monitor all premature children in the preschool stage is suggested, as well as to evaluate more specific skills and continue with the care from specialist teams.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Psychomotor Disorders; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31776066
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.10.003 -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2008Patients with schizophrenia display catatonia, psychomotor retardation, neurological soft signs (NSS) and neurological hard signs. There is considerable confusion about... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Patients with schizophrenia display catatonia, psychomotor retardation, neurological soft signs (NSS) and neurological hard signs. There is considerable confusion about these psychomotor symptoms.
AIM
To discuss the symptoms with the help of the existing literature.
METHOD
Relevant articles were retrieved from Medline. results These psychomotor symptoms are intrinsic features of the illness and cannot be regarded as mere side effects of treatment with antipsychotics. The symptoms seem to become progressively worse in the course of the illness and are associated with a poor prognosis. In contrast to cognitive symptoms, psychomotor symptoms are associated with positive symptoms. The various psychomotor symptoms are associated with the same brain structures and may themselves be interlinked.
CONCLUSION
There is therefore considerable evidence to support the existence of a cluster of psychomotor symptoms, in addition to positive, negative and cognitive symptoms.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Humans; Psychomotor Disorders; Schizophrenia; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 18991232
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... Sep 2006Systematic literature review of the controlled studies published in the last 15 years on neuropsychological deficits in Bipolar Disorder. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Systematic literature review of the controlled studies published in the last 15 years on neuropsychological deficits in Bipolar Disorder.
METHOD
Bibliographical research was completed through Medline, Lilacs, PubMed and ISI, specifically for 1990 to 2005 period. Selected studies were organized beginning with the comparison among the selected sample (bipolar versus other pathology versus control healthy). We included only controlled studies with a patient sample larger than 10, and 73 papers were found, being that 53 selected for this systematic review.
RESULTS
Patients with Bipolar Disorder present difficulties in several cognitive domains which partially persist even after acute episodes acute episodes. The deficits impaired basically the executive functions. When compared to schizophrenia, bipolar patients present milder deficits in the neuropsychological tests, which may explain differences in terms of disease outcome and specific circuitry abnormalities. There was a positive correlation between cognitive deficits and number of episodes or hospitalizations. The medications used for mood stabilization can produce a negative impact on cognition.
CONCLUSIONS
The abnormalities suggest a dysfunction in specific frontostriatal circuits, and may partially explain the difficulties in the psychosocial adaptation of these patients. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of neuropsychological rehabilitation programs, which seek through cognitive training to minimize the impact of these deficits in the every day life.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Cognition Disorders; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychomotor Disorders; Schizophrenic Psychology; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 17063223
DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462006000300016 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Mar 2009The aim of this review was to examine systematically the evidence for the application of interactive computer play in the rehabilitation of children with sensorimotor... (Review)
Review
The aim of this review was to examine systematically the evidence for the application of interactive computer play in the rehabilitation of children with sensorimotor disorders. A literature search of 11 electronic databases was conducted to identify articles published between January 1995 and May 2008. The review was restricted to reports of intervention studies evaluating the impact of interactive computer play on motor rehabilitation in children. For each study the quality of the methods and the strength of the evidence were assessed by two independent reviewers using the guidelines of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine. A total of 74 articles were identified, of which 16 met the inclusion criteria. Three studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and half were case series or case reports. Areas investigated were movement quality, spatial orientation and mobility, and motivational aspects. Thirteen studies presented positive findings. Two of the three RCTs investigating movement quality and one level III study examining spatial orientation showed no significant improvements. Interactive computer play is a potentially promising tool for the motor rehabilitation of children but the level of evidence is too limited to assess its value fully. Further and more convincing research is needed.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Databases, Factual; Humans; Psychomotor Disorders; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Therapy, Computer-Assisted; User-Computer Interface
PubMed: 19191834
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03184.x -
Molecular Autism Jan 2021Contrasting findings were reported in several animal models with a Shank3 mutation used to induce various autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms. Here, we aimed at...
BACKGROUND
Contrasting findings were reported in several animal models with a Shank3 mutation used to induce various autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms. Here, we aimed at investigating behavioral, cellular, and molecular consequences of a C-terminal (frameshift in exon 21) deletion in Shank3 protein in mice, a mutation that is also found in clinical conditions and which results in loss of major isoforms of Shank3. A special focus was made on cerebellar related parameters.
METHODS
All three genotypes were analyzed [wild type (WT), heterozygote (Shank3+/ΔC) and homozygote (Shank3 ΔC/ΔC)] and males and females were separated into two distinct groups. Motor and social behavior, gait, Purkinje cells (PC) and glutamatergic protein levels were determined. Behavioral and cellular procedures used here were previously validated using two environmental animal models of ASD. ANOVA and post-hoc analysis were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Shank3 ΔC/ΔC mice showed significant impairments in social novelty preference, stereotyped behavior and gait. These were accompanied by a decreased number of PC in restricted cerebellar sub-regions and decreased cerebellar expression of mGluR5. Females Shank3 ΔC/ΔC were less affected by the mutation than males. Shank3+/ΔC mice showed impairments only in social novelty preference, grooming, and decreased mGluR5 expression and that were to a much lesser extent than in Shank3 ΔC/ΔC mice.
LIMITATIONS
As Shank3 mutation is a haploinsufficiency, it is of interest to emphasize that Shank3+/ΔC mice showed only mild to no deficiencies compared to Shank3 ΔC/ΔC.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that several behavioral, cellular, and molecular parameters are affected in this animal model. The reported deficits are more pronounced in males than in females. Additionally, male Shank3 ΔC/ΔC mice show more pronounced alterations than Shank3+/ΔC. Together with our previous findings in two environmental animal models of ASD, our studies indicate that gait dysfunction constitutes a robust set of motor ASD symptoms that may be considered for implementation in clinical settings as an early and quantitative diagnosis criteria.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biomarkers; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Gait; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microfilament Proteins; Motor Activity; Mutation; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Phenotype; Psychomotor Disorders; Sex Factors; Social Behavior
PubMed: 33468258
DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00412-8 -
Cyberpsychology & Behavior : the Impact... Aug 2001Psychomotor retardation has been recognized as a principal component of depression for centuries. Amongst symptoms and signs associated with depression, it is seen as... (Review)
Review
Psychomotor retardation has been recognized as a principal component of depression for centuries. Amongst symptoms and signs associated with depression, it is seen as having high predictive validity, correlating with severity of illness and the outcome of numerous therapeutic interventions. Of the two components-"psycho" and "motor"-the psychological component has received the most thorough investigation and has been given the greatest consideration. The "motor" (or motion) component has been given little consideration. A review of the literature suggests few studies have attempted to quantitatively characterize this phenomenon or use it as anything more than one indice among other signs and symptoms of depression. Unlike other phenomena associated with depression, the use of motion alterations has lagged in significance due to limited technology that would allow its study; depression has been seen predominantly as a " mood" disorder, with principal interest being in the "feelings" associated with the disorder. Recent advances in motion capture technologies allow motion alterations to be used for many purposes, both quantitative and qualitative. These sources of information appear to have direct and indirect impact. There is a fertile future for motion capture constructs in the study of depression,and recent technological advances will allow progress to occur in this area.
Topics: Depressive Disorder; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Forecasting; Humans; Motor Activity; Psychomotor Disorders; Reaction Time; Video Recording
PubMed: 11708725
DOI: 10.1089/109493101750527015 -
Sleep Oct 2007Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been associated with impaired psychomotor vigilance performance in patients with sleep apnea patients. A bias toward greater...
STUDY OBJECTIVE
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been associated with impaired psychomotor vigilance performance in patients with sleep apnea patients. A bias toward greater referral of sleep apnea patients with severely impaired performance could explain these findings. Furthermore, no studies on the association between SDB and vigilance performance in a large community-based sample have been reported that encompasses the full spectrum of SDB severity. This study investigated the association between SDB and psychomotor vigilance with cross-sectional data from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
Community-based sample of 265 women and 346 men, mean age of 53.0 +/- 7.9 (age range: 35-74) years was used. Within 6 months of completing an overnight polysomnography protocol for SDB assessment, participants completed a 10-minute psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) during a daytime protocol.
MEASUREMENTS
Sleep-disordered breathing was indicated by the number of apneas and hypopneas; psychomotor vigilance task variables included (1) mean of 1/reaction time (RT), (2) number of lapses, (3) mean reciprocal of fastest 10% RTs, (4) mean reciprocal of slowest 10% RTs, (5) slope of linear regression line across the 10 minutes of the task fit to 1/RTs, and (5) number of false responses.
RESULTS
Multiple regression analysis showed a significant negative association between the logarithmically transformed apnea-hypopnea index (LogAHI) and number of lapses, mean of the slowest 10%, and number of false responses from the psychomotor vigilance task, independent of sex and body mass index in participants aged 65 years and older.
CONCLUSION
SDB in the community population is associated with impaired psychomotor vigilance in older men and women.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arousal; Cognition Disorders; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Polysomnography; Psychomotor Disorders; Reaction Time; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Surveys and Questionnaires; Task Performance and Analysis
PubMed: 17969464
DOI: 10.1093/sleep/30.10.1309 -
Developmental Disabilities Research... 2009The question of whether children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) exhibit a unique neurocognitive profile has received considerable attention over the past... (Review)
Review
The question of whether children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) exhibit a unique neurocognitive profile has received considerable attention over the past three decades. The identification of a syndrome-specific neurocognitive profile would aid in diagnosing prenatally exposed children with cognitive deficits who do not exhibit clinically discernable physical anomalies. The current review of the literature, therefore, focuses on the studies of higher-order cognitive skills in children with FASDs with a view towards delineating a pattern of cognitive functioning. Researchers have documented that children with FASDs show diminished intellectual functioning, with average IQ scores falling within the borderline to low average ranges. Slow information processing and disturbances of attention have been observed from infancy through adulthood in individuals with FASDs. Clinical and experimental reports on individuals with FASD have documented marked deficits in executive functioning, particularly in tasks that involve holding and manipulating information in working memory. Studies examining specific domains of cognitive functioning such as language, visual perception, memory and learning, social functioning, and number processing in individuals with FASDs have revealed performance decrements associated with increased task complexity. The above findings converge on the conclusion that children with FASDs have a generalized deficit in the processing and integration of information. We recommend the study of developmental trajectories of both elementary and higher-order functions in future research on FASD to elucidate the development of this cognitive profile.
Topics: Adolescent; Attention; Child; Child, Preschool; Cognition Disorders; Executive Function; Female; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intelligence; Language Development Disorders; Memory, Short-Term; Neuropsychological Tests; Pregnancy; Psychomotor Disorders; Reaction Time; Social Behavior
PubMed: 19731385
DOI: 10.1002/ddrr.73