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The Journal of International Medical... Apr 2022Acute myocarditis is often secondary to an acute virus infection, which can be the first manifestation of upper respiratory tract symptoms, followed by chest tightness,... (Review)
Review
Acute myocarditis is often secondary to an acute virus infection, which can be the first manifestation of upper respiratory tract symptoms, followed by chest tightness, shortness of breath, palpitations, chest pain and other non-specific symptoms. In severe cases, it can quickly progress to serious complications such as heart failure, shock and respiratory failure. Laboratory examinations can show an increase of myocardial injury markers, infection and inflammatory indicators. Cardiac ultrasound can detect the weakening of the myocardial contraction and valve regurgitation. On imaging, bilateral pulmonary oedema demonstrates symmetrical infiltration along the hilum of lung, called the "butterfly shadow". This current case report describes a patient with unilateral pulmonary oedema caused by myocarditis that was initially misdiagnosed and treated as pneumonia. The patient was subsequently treated with the application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and he made a full recovery. A review of this case highlights that when a patient's symptoms are not typical, a comprehensive examination and evaluation are required to avoid incorrect treatment.
Topics: Chest Pain; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Humans; Male; Myocarditis; Pulmonary Edema; Shock
PubMed: 35466750
DOI: 10.1177/03000605221093678 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2012Congestive heart failure (CHF) in cats with left-sided heart disease is sometimes manifest as pleural effusion, in other cases as pulmonary edema.
BACKGROUND
Congestive heart failure (CHF) in cats with left-sided heart disease is sometimes manifest as pleural effusion, in other cases as pulmonary edema.
HYPOTHESIS
Those cats with pleural effusion have more severe left atrial (LA) dysfunction than cats with pulmonary edema.
ANIMALS
30 healthy cats, 22 cats with pleural effusion, and 12 cats with pulmonary edema. All cats were client owned.
METHODS
Retrospective study. Measurements of LA size and function were made using commercial software on archived echocardiograms. Cases were identified through searches of medical records and of archived echocardiograms for cats with these conditions.
RESULTS
There was no difference (P = .3) in LA size between cats with pleural effusion and cats with pulmonary edema. Cats with pleural effusion had poorer (P = .04) LA active emptying and increased (P = .006) right ventricular (RV) diameter when compared with cats with pulmonary edema and healthy cats. Cats that exhibited LA active emptying of <7.9%, total emptying of <13.6% (diameter) or <19.4% (area), or RV diameter of >3.6 mm were significantly (P < .001) more likely to manifest pleural effusion.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Poorer LA function and increased RV dimensions are associated with pleural effusion in cats with left-sided heart disease.
Topics: Animals; Atrial Function, Left; Cat Diseases; Cats; Echocardiography; Heart Failure; Pleural Effusion; Pulmonary Edema; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 22805204
DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00967.x -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Apr 2011Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has become the standard of care for most patients with ventilatory failure due to an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary... (Review)
Review
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has become the standard of care for most patients with ventilatory failure due to an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In all but a small minority, even of the very sickest, there is little to be lost by at least a short trial of NIV. In patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, NIV results in a more rapid physiological improvement and resolution of dyspnoea, but the benefits in terms of survival have been called into question by two recent randomised controlled trials. There are no randomised controlled trials of NIV in patients with acute ventilatory failure due to obesity but the outcome from invasive ventilation is poor and the results of NIV encouraging. Finally, NIV may have a role during the transition from active care, aimed to extend life, to palliative care.
Topics: Humans; Obesity; Palliative Care; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pulmonary Edema; Respiration, Artificial
PubMed: 21526697
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.11-2-150 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Sep 2022
Topics: Emphysema; Humans; Pulmonary Edema; Robotics; Subcutaneous Emphysema; Urinary Bladder; Urologic Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 35181216
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.01.040 -
Anesthesia Progress 2009Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) following upper airway obstruction (UAO) has been reported in several clinical situations. The main cause of NPPE is reported to...
Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) following upper airway obstruction (UAO) has been reported in several clinical situations. The main cause of NPPE is reported to be increased negative intrathoracic pressure. We present a case of NPPE that occurred after general anesthesia for plate removal after jaw deformity surgery. After completion of the surgery, administration of inhaled anesthetics was stopped and the patient opened his eyes on verbal command. Immediately after extubation, the patient stopped breathing and became cyanotic. Acute UAO following laryngospasm was suspected. Soon after reintubation, pink, frothy fluid came out of the endotracheal tube, and a tentative diagnosis of NPPE was made. Continuous positive airway pressure was applied. In addition, furosemide and dexamethasone were administered. By the next day, the symptoms had almost disappeared.
Topics: Child; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Female; Humans; Laryngismus; Oral Surgical Procedures; Pulmonary Edema
PubMed: 19642719
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-56.2.49 -
Revue Medicale de Liege Apr 2004Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema frequently occurs in clinical practice, frequently in an old patient. It consists in acute respiratory distress related to rapid... (Review)
Review
Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema frequently occurs in clinical practice, frequently in an old patient. It consists in acute respiratory distress related to rapid development of transsudative fluid within the lung interstitium and alveolar accumulation. It requires rapid assessment and therapy to prevent progression to respiratory failure and cardiovascular collapse. The pathogenesis and identification of the underlying disease process are essential for optimal medical approach. The aetiology is multiple.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Heart Diseases; Humans; Incidence; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Pulmonary Edema; Risk Factors
PubMed: 15182027
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Case Reports Jul 2017A 28-year-old pregnant woman presented at 28 weeks of gestation. She was diagnosed to have a left atrial myxoma 2 years earlier, but was lost to follow-up. During this...
A 28-year-old pregnant woman presented at 28 weeks of gestation. She was diagnosed to have a left atrial myxoma 2 years earlier, but was lost to follow-up. During this pregnancy, the transthoracic echocardiography showed a 9 cm mass in the left atrium obstructing mitral valve inflow, interfering with mitral valve closure, causing severe mitral regurgitation and severe pulmonary hypertension. However, there were no clinical signs of pulmonary and systemic congestion or obstruction. Based on the clinical symptoms of the patient, the echocardiographic findings and the term of her pregnancy, the patient decided to schedule for a vaginal delivery with surgical correction after delivery. She gave birth at 32 weeks of gestation. During labour, pulmonary oedema developed but was detected early and it responded to therapy. Two weeks after delivery, a right anterior thoracotomy was performed to facilitate the removal of the left atrial myxoma and repair of the mitral valve.
Topics: Adult; Delivery, Obstetric; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Myxoma; Pregnancy; Pulmonary Edema; Thailand; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28765487
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-219624 -
BMC Pulmonary Medicine Nov 2023This case presents a rare occurrence of re-expansion pulmonary edema following a drainage of pyo-pneumothorax in a 33-year-old patient. The diagnosis was established...
This case presents a rare occurrence of re-expansion pulmonary edema following a drainage of pyo-pneumothorax in a 33-year-old patient. The diagnosis was established through a thoracic radiography, and the treatment consisted of symptomatic management, showing positive progress. Later on, the patient was diagnosed with pleural tuberculosis via GeneXpert testing and subsequently initiated on anti-bacterial therapy.This case report aims to shed light on the infrequent pulmonary edema ex vacuo as a complication of pleural drainage. It explores its causes, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options. this study highlights the necessity of effective prevention and management strategies.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Pneumothorax; Pulmonary Edema; Drainage; Radiography; Radiography, Thoracic
PubMed: 37974106
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02739-3 -
European Journal of Heart Failure Sep 2017Pulmonary congestion is an important finding in patients with heart failure (HF) that can be quantified by lung ultrasound (LUS). We conducted a systematic review to... (Review)
Review
AIMS
Pulmonary congestion is an important finding in patients with heart failure (HF) that can be quantified by lung ultrasound (LUS). We conducted a systematic review to describe dynamic changes in LUS findings of pulmonary congestion (B-lines) in HF and to examine the prognostic utility of B-lines in HF.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We searched online databases for studies conducted in patients with chronic or acute HF that used LUS to assess dynamic changes or the prognostic value of pulmonary congestion. We included studies in adult populations, published in English, and conducted in ≥25 patients. Of 1327 identified studies, 13 (25-290 patients) met the inclusion criteria: six reported on dynamic changes in LUS findings (438 patients) and seven on the prognostic value of B-lines in HF (953 patients). In acute HF, B-line number changed within as few as 3 h of HF treatment. In acute HF, ≥15 B-lines on 28-zone LUS at discharge identified patients at a more than five-fold risk for HF readmission or death. Similarly, in ambulatory patients with chronic HF, ≥3 B-lines on five- or eight-zone LUS marked those at a nearly four-fold risk for 6-month HF hospitalization or death.
CONCLUSIONS
Lung ultrasound findings change rapidly in response to HF therapy. This technique may represent a useful and non-invasive method to track dynamic changes in pulmonary congestion. Furthermore, residual congestion at the time of discharge in acute HF or in ambulatory patients with chronic HF may identify those at high risk for adverse events.
Topics: Heart Failure; Humans; Lung; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Pulmonary Edema; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 28557302
DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.839 -
The European Respiratory Journal.... Nov 2003Mechanical ventilation is the most widely used supportive technique in intensive care units. Several forms of external support for respiration have long been described... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Mechanical ventilation is the most widely used supportive technique in intensive care units. Several forms of external support for respiration have long been described to assist the failing ventilatory pump, and access to lower airways through tracheostomy or endotracheal tubes had constituted a major advance in the management of patients with respiratory distress. More recently, however, new "noninvasive" ventilation (NIV) techniques, using patient/ventilator interfaces in the form of facial masks, have been designed. The reasons for promoting NIV include a better understanding of the role of ventilatory pump failure in the indications for mechanical ventilation, the development of ventilatory modalities able to work in synchrony with the patient, and the extensive recognition of complications associated with endotracheal intubation and standard mechanical ventilation. NIV has been used primarily for patients with acute hypercapnic ventilatory failure, and especially for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this population, the use of NIV is associated with a marked reduction in the need for endotracheal intubation, a decrease in complication rate, a reduced duration of hospital stay and a substantial reduction in hospital mortality. Similar benefits have also been demonstrated in patients with asphyxic forms of acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. In patients with primarily hypoxemic forms of respiratory failure, the level of success of NIV is more variable, but major benefits have also been demonstrated in selected populations with no contraindications such as multiple organ failure, loss of consciousness or haemodynamic instability. One important factor in success seems to be the early delivery of noninvasive ventilation during the course of respiratory failure. Noninvasive ventilation allows many of the complications associated with mechanical ventilation to be avoided, especially the occurrence of nosocomial infections. The current use of noninvasive ventilation is growing up, and is becoming a major therapeutic tool in the intensive care unit.
Topics: Acute Disease; Female; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Laryngeal Masks; Male; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Prognosis; Pulmonary Edema; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Insufficiency; Risk Assessment; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 14621115
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.03.00050403