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European Journal of Heart Failure Oct 2022
Topics: Humans; Morphine; Pulmonary Edema; Heart Failure; Acute Disease
PubMed: 36161434
DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2698 -
Emergencias : Revista de La Sociedad... Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Morphine; Pulmonary Edema; Acute Disease
PubMed: 36756910
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the National Medical... Mar 1977Pulmonary edema is a complex subject. Knowledge of the anatomy of the distal air space is essential to the understanding of the pathophysiology of pulmonary...
Pulmonary edema is a complex subject. Knowledge of the anatomy of the distal air space is essential to the understanding of the pathophysiology of pulmonary edema.Histological evaluation of experimental pulmonary edema in dogs by Staub et al using the quick freeze method indicates that the edema begins in the interstitium. An x-ray examination at this time would be interpreted as negative or normal. Similarly, with only partial filling of the alveolus, a negative reading may be given.A method for classification of pulmonary edema by mechanisms is reviewed.Cases of pulmonary edema caused by different etiologies are presented for an overview of the problem.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Dogs; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Edema; Radiography
PubMed: 875070
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of General Internal Medicine Sep 2011
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Male; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Pulmonary Edema
PubMed: 21369771
DOI: 10.1007/s11606-011-1661-5 -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) Jun 2006Current literature was searched by using the MEDLINE database to find consistent evidence regarding the use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Current literature was searched by using the MEDLINE database to find consistent evidence regarding the use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. 18 studies demonstrating that noninvasive ventilation applied by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bilevel positive airway pressure (bilevel-PAP) is safe, and that the two approaches have similar effects and are effective in preventing endotracheal intubation in patients with respiratory distress of cardiac origin, were found. The results support the concept that positive intrathoracic positive pressure must be seen as a nonpharmacological form of treatment of acute pulmonary edema rather than only a supportive measure.
Topics: Acute Disease; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Pulmonary Edema
PubMed: 16832558
DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322006000300010 -
Biomedical Engineering Online Mar 2014To compare quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis and single-indicator thermodilution to measure pulmonary edema in patients with acute respiratory distress... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Comparison of quantitative computed tomography analysis and single-indicator thermodilution to measure pulmonary edema in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
OBJECTIVE
To compare quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis and single-indicator thermodilution to measure pulmonary edema in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
METHOD
Ten patients with ARDS were included. All underwent spiral CT of the thorax for estimating gas content of lung (GVCT), tissue volume of lung (TVCT), tissue volume index (TVI), mean radiographic attenuation (CTmean) for the whole lung and gas-to-tissue ratio (g/t). Pulmonary thermal volume (PTV) and extravascular lung water index (ELWI) were determined by the PiCCO plus system. CT or single-indicator thermodilution variables were correlated with respiratory system compliance (Crs), PaO2/FiO2, and Acute Physiology And Chronic Health EvaluationII (APACHE II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores.
RESULTS
1) TVCT and PTV were positively correlated (r =0.8878; P = 0.0006; equation of regression line: PTV = 1.0793 × TVCT + 179.8) as were TVI and ELWI (r =0.9459; P < 0.0001; equation of regression line: ELWI = 1.4506 × TVI-8.7792). The bias between TVCT and PTV as well as TVI and ELWI was -277 ± 217 and 0.62 ± 4.56, respectively. 2) ELWI and CT distribution of lung-tissue compartments were not correlated. 3) CT or single-indicator thermodilution variables were not correlated with Crs, PaO2/FiO2 or APACHE II or SOFA score.
CONCLUSION
Quantitative CT analysis and single-indicator thermodilution showed good agreement in measuring pulmonary edema.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Edema; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Thermodilution; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 24625023
DOI: 10.1186/1475-925X-13-30 -
Cardiovascular Journal of AfricaPre-eclampsia complicated by pulmonary oedema, severe hypertension, tachycardia and desaturation is a devastating condition. A comprehensive understanding of the...
Pre-eclampsia complicated by pulmonary oedema, severe hypertension, tachycardia and desaturation is a devastating condition. A comprehensive understanding of the aetiopathogenesis during such an emergency is challenging in the absence of functional and responsive point-of-care imaging, and laboratory and other critical-care services. An unbooked 26-year-old gravida 3 para 1+1 presented to a primary healthcare clinic with features of pre-eclampsia, severe hypertension and pulmonary oedema. The only available antihypertensive drug, methyldopa, was administered. The patient was transferred to a district hospital and subsequently referred to a tertiary hospital. On arrival, she was booked for caesarean delivery and in the maternity ward a central venous pressure (CVP) line was inserted. The patient developed pneumothorax and died in the intensive care unit undelivered. This case highlights many lessons, which are discussed. If CVP monitoring is indicated before caesarean delivery, consideration must be given to line insertion in the operating room to facilitate rapid delivery should the patient's condition deteriorate.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Adult; Pre-Eclampsia; Pulmonary Edema; Antihypertensive Agents; Methyldopa; Hypertension
PubMed: 35175275
DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2021-064 -
The European Respiratory Journal Nov 2002Pulmonary oedema is a life-threatening condition that frequently leads to acute respiratory failure. From a physiological perspective, pulmonary oedema develops either... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary oedema is a life-threatening condition that frequently leads to acute respiratory failure. From a physiological perspective, pulmonary oedema develops either because of an increase in lung vascular hydrostatic pressure or an increase in lung vascular permeability. Resolution of alveolar oedema depends on the active removal of salt and water from the distal air spaces of the lung across the distal lung epithelial barrier. Much has been learned about the molecular and cellular basis for oedema fluid reabsorption, including the role of apical ion transporters for sodium (epithelial sodium channel) and chloride (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), as well as the central importance of the sodium pump. The rate of fluid clearance can be upregulated by both catecholamine-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Injury to the alveolar epithelium can disrupt the integrity of the alveolar barrier or downregulate ion transport pathways, thus, reducing net alveolar fluid reabsorption and enhancing the extent of alveolar oedema. Endogenous catecholamines upregulate alveolar fluid clearance in several experimental models of acute lung injury, but this upregulation may be short term and insufficient to counterbalance alveolar flooding. There is new evidence, however, that pharmacological treatment with beta2-adrenergic agonists and/or epithelial growth factors may influence a more sustained stimulation of alveolar fluid reabsorption and in turn facilitate recovery from experimental pulmonary oedema. Similar results have been achieved experimentally by gene transfer to enhance the abundance of sodium transporters in the alveolar epithelium. Clinical studies show that impaired alveolar fluid transport mechanisms contribute to the development, severity and outcome of pulmonary oedema in humans. Very recent data suggest that mechanisms that augment transepithelial sodium transport and enhance the clearance of alveolar oedema may lead to more effective prevention or treatment for some types of pulmonary oedema.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Catecholamines; Extravascular Lung Water; Growth Substances; Homeostasis; Humans; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Edema; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Respiratory Mucosa; Sodium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
PubMed: 12449188
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.02.00401602 -
Anaesthesia Mar 2003
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anesthesia; Cocaine; Humans; Pulmonary Edema; Risk Factors; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 12603463
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.30557.x -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Aug 2022The aim of the study was to determine whether cardiogenic pleural effusion in cats is associated with a lower risk of arterial thromboembolism (ATE) compared with cats...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to determine whether cardiogenic pleural effusion in cats is associated with a lower risk of arterial thromboembolism (ATE) compared with cats with cardiac disease without evidence of pleural effusion.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted on owned cats with natural occurring cardiac diseases. Cats included were classified in three groups: those with cardiac disease but no evidence of congestive heart failure (CHF); those with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema; and those with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion. Prevalence of ATE was calculated and the variables analysed for an association with this outcome were the presence and type of CHF, sex and neuter status, age, breed, type of cardiac diseases and left atrial (LA) dimension. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to fit the association between ATE and these variables.
RESULTS
A total of 366 cats with cardiac disease met the inclusion criteria: 179 were included in the group with cardiac disease but no evidence of CHF, 66 in the group with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and 121 in the group with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion. Prevalence of ATE (58/366 [15.8%]) was significantly different among groups (with no evidence of CHF, 28/179 [15.6%]; with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, 22/66 [33.3%]; with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion, 8/121 [6.6%]; <0.001). Cats with ATE had a significantly higher LA to aortic root ratio (2.30 ± 0.46) than those without ATE (2.04 ± 0.46; <0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the group with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion was associated with a lower risk of developing ATE compared with groups with cardiac disease but no evidence of CHF and with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema ( = 0.005 and <0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Presence of cardiogenic pleural effusion is associated with a lower risk of developing ATE, while LA enlargement is a risk factor for ATE.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cross-Sectional Studies; Heart Diseases; Heart Failure; Pleural Effusion; Pulmonary Edema; Thromboembolism
PubMed: 35549930
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X221094663