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Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Jul 2019Pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) and congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) are very rare congenital pulmonary anomalies in veterinary medicine. PH refers to the incomplete pulmonary...
BACKGROUND
Pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) and congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) are very rare congenital pulmonary anomalies in veterinary medicine. PH refers to the incomplete pulmonary development due to embryologic imbalance of bronchial development between the lung buds, while CLE is defined as alveolar hyperinflation due to bronchial collapse during expiration caused by bronchial cartilage dysplasia, external bronchial compression, and idiopathic etiology. CLE may develop into pulmonary blebs or bullae that may rupture and induce a spontaneous pneumothorax. There are no reports on concurrent PH and CLE in animals.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 7-month-old castrated male Italian Greyhound weighing 5.5 kg presented with vomiting and acute onset of severe dyspnea without any previous history of disease. After emergency treatment including oxygen supplementation and thoracocentesis, plain radiology and computed tomography scanning were performed and lobar emphysema with multiple bullae in the left cranial lung lobe associated with tension pneumothorax was identified. Since the pneumothorax was not resolved despite continuous suction of intrathoracic air for 3 days, a complete lobectomy of the left cranial lung lobe was performed. The excised lobe was not grossly divided into cranial and caudal parts, but a tissue mass less than 1 cm in size was present at the hilum and cranial to the excised lobe. Postoperatively, the dog recovered rapidly without air retention in the thoracic cavity. Histopathologically, the mass was identified as a hypoplastic lung tissue with collapsed alveoli, bronchial dysplasia, and pulmonary arterial hypertrophy. Additionally, the excised lung lobe presented CLE with marked ectasia of alveoli, various blebs and bullae, and general bronchial cartilage dysplasia. According to gross and histopathologic findings, the dog was diagnosed with concurrent PH and CLE in the left cranial lung lobe. During 16 months of follow-up, the dog was well and without any respiratory problems.
CONCLUSIONS
This case report confirmed the clinical and histologic features of two different types of rare congenital pulmonary anomalies, PH and CLE, which occurred concurrently in a single lung lobe of a young dog. The condition was successfully managed with lobectomy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Lung; Lung Diseases; Male; Pneumothorax; Pulmonary Emphysema; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31349870
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0472-2 -
Biomedica : Revista Del Instituto... Dec 2020Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases around the world. With timely diagnosis and treatment, mortality in children is practically zero. It is...
Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases around the world. With timely diagnosis and treatment, mortality in children is practically zero. It is usually associated with a diverse number of complications that can cause significant morbidity and mortality, such as deep and superficial vein thrombosis. This event has been associated with a procoagulant state caused by the systemic inflammatory response to infection. We report the case of a 14-year-old adolescent with pulmonary tuberculosis under the initial four-drug regimen. She presented two episodes of venous thromboembolism, the first in the kidneys and the second in the lungs. After ruling out diseases such as nephrotic and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, chest and abdomen tomographies were performed as a fundamental tool for the diagnosis. Thereafter, treatment with low molecular weight heparin was initiated and the symptoms improved. Given the requirement for anticoagulation, further image studies could not be done. Thromboembolic complications in patients with no other risk factors, associated only with a previous pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, offer evidence to consider the procoagulant effect resulting from the systemic inflammatory response that, by itself, could be the cause of a serious complication, often underdiagnosed but also preventable. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the predisposition for venous thromboembolism in these patients and to establish strict surveillance so early anticoagulant therapy can be provided to prevent adverse outcomes.
Topics: Adolescent; Anticoagulants; Female; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; Humans; Kidney; Lung; Lung Diseases; Pulmonary Veins; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Venous Thromboembolism
PubMed: 33275336
DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5195 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... May 2017The lipid-protein film covering the interface of the lung alveolar in mammals is vital for proper lung function and its deficiency is related to a range of diseases....
The lipid-protein film covering the interface of the lung alveolar in mammals is vital for proper lung function and its deficiency is related to a range of diseases. Here we present a molecular-level characterization of a clinical-grade porcine lung surfactant extract using a multitechnique approach consisting of [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] solid-state nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, and mass spectrometry. The detailed characterization presented for reconstituted membranes of a lung extract demonstrates that the molecular structure of lung surfactant strongly depends on the concentration of cholesterol. If cholesterol makes up about 11% of the total dry weight of lung surfactant, the surfactant extract adopts a single liquid-ordered lamellar phase, [Formula: see text], at physiological temperatures. This [Formula: see text] phase gradually changes into a liquid-disordered lamellar phase, [Formula: see text], when the temperature is increased by a few degrees. In the absence of cholesterol the system segregates into one lamellar gel phase and one [Formula: see text] phase. Remarkably, it was possible to measure a large set of order parameter magnitudes [Formula: see text] from the liquid-disordered and -ordered lamellar phases and assign them to specific C-H bonds of the phospholipids in the biological extract with no use of isotopic labeling. These findings with molecular details on lung surfactant mixtures together with the presented NMR methodology may guide further development of pulmonary surfactant pharmaceuticals that better mimic the physiological self-assembly compositions for treatment of pathological states such as respiratory distress syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Complex Mixtures; Lung; Protein Domains; Pulmonary Surfactants; Swine; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 28416656
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701239114 -
BioMed Research International 2021Lectins are widely distributed in the natural world and are usually involved in antitumor activities. () is a medicinal and edible homologous fungus. contains many...
Lectins are widely distributed in the natural world and are usually involved in antitumor activities. () is a medicinal and edible homologous fungus. contains many active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, melanin, flavonoids, adenosine, sterols, alkaloids, and terpenes. In this study, we expected to isolate and purify lectin from , determine the glycoside bond type and sugar-specific protein of lectin (AAL), and finally, determine its antitumor activities. We used ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography to separate and purify lectin from . The result was a 25 kDa AAL with a relative molecular mass of 18913.22. Protein identification results suggested that this lectin contained four peptide chains by comparing with the UniProt database. The FT-IR and -elimination reaction demonstrated that the connection between the oligosaccharide and polypeptide of AAL was an N-glucoside bond. Analyses of its physical and chemical properties showed that AAL was a temperature-sensitive and acidic/alkaline-dependent glycoprotein. Additionally, the anticancer experiment manifested that AAL inhibited the proliferation of A549, and the IC value was 28.19 ± 1.92 g/mL. RNA sequencing dataset analyses detected that AAL may regulate the expression of , , and to suppress tumor proliferation. Through the pulmonary flora analysis, the bacterial structure of each phylum in the lectin treatment group was more reasonable, and the colonization ability of the normal microflora was improved, indicating that lectin treatment could significantly improve the bacterial diversity characteristics.
Topics: A549 Cells; Antineoplastic Agents; Auricularia; Bacteria; Cell Proliferation; Chemical Precipitation; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Molecular Weight; Plant Lectins; Sugars; Temperature
PubMed: 34337031
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5597135 -
Medicine May 2017Primary extracranial meningiomas are rare outside the head and neck region.
RATIONALE
Primary extracranial meningiomas are rare outside the head and neck region.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 44-year-old female patient had chest pain for more than 1 year.
DIAGNOSES
Preoperative chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a nodule in the right lower lobe, 1.8 cm in diameter. Tumor tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry for vimentin and S-100.
INTERVENTIONS
Histopathologically, the tumor was characterized by whorled nests of spindle-shaped cells accompanied by psammoma bodies. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated tumor cell positivity for vimentin and S-100. This case was diagnosed as a primary pulmonary meningioma. The tumor was removed by a thoracoscopic pulmonary wedge resection.
OUTCOMES
Postoperative cranial and spinal CT scan did not show any intracranial or spinal mass. No recurrence of the tumor was reported at the time of writing up this case report.
LESSONS
A primary pulmonary meningioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis workup of pulmonary nodules.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Meningioma
PubMed: 28489736
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006474 -
Medicine Aug 2018Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a congenital pulmonary malformation wherein a piece of tissue that ultimately develops into lung tissue is not attached to the pulmonary...
RATIONALE
Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a congenital pulmonary malformation wherein a piece of tissue that ultimately develops into lung tissue is not attached to the pulmonary arterial blood supply, sometimes it is difficult to diagnosis with no specific laboratory tests, discover an abnormal blood supply from aorta by imaging tests is a key step in diagnose.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 54-year-old male smoker presented with cough, expectoration and blood in the sputum.
DIAGNOSES
Computed tomography (CT) shows lesion in right lung, moderate standard uptake value (SUV) elevation of position-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in a part of the lesion, and an increased (1,3)-β-D-glucan assay (G test), Galactomannan enzyme immune-assay (GM test) and tumor marker level, biopsy of lung in different times produced inconclusive results, then finally diagnose of pulmonary sequestration is made by observing an abnormal blood supply from the thoracic aorta and volume change of mass.
INTERVENTIONS
The patient refused lower lobectomy which is the main treatment of PS. He was discharged with oral hemostatic and was advised to undergo regular medical checkups.
OUTCOMES
The patient has been followed for a year under an outpatient regimen. Symptoms of the cough and expectoration were relieved, however, blood in the sputum remains unchanged.
LESSONS
It suggests the need for criteria for a thorough diagnostic work-up. It put emphasis on the importance of considering PS as part of the diagnosis of a lesion in the lung disease and underscore the blood supply of mass. Bronchoscopy or pulmonary lobectomy and follow up of the patient are important for patients diagnosed with pulmonary sequestration.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Bronchopulmonary Sequestration; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lung; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 30075576
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011714 -
Environment International Mar 2023Exposure to fine particles (PM) and associated PAHs are frequently linked with lung cancer, which makes the understanding of their occurrence and health risk in human...
Exposure to fine particles (PM) and associated PAHs are frequently linked with lung cancer, which makes the understanding of their occurrence and health risk in human lungs urgently important. Using the ultrasonic treatment and sequencing centrifugation (USC) extraction method coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC - MS/MS) analysis, we revealed the molecular fingerprints of PM-accumulated PAHs in human lungs from a cohort of 68 patients with lung cancer in a typical air-polluted region, China. Sixteen priority PAHs can be grouped by concentrations as ∼ 1 × 10 ng/g (ANT/BkF/ACE/DBA/BgP/PHN/PYR), 2-5 × 10 ng/g (BaP/FLE/NaP/BbF), and ∼ 1 × 10 ng/g (IND/Acy/CHR/FLT/BaA). The sum concentration of 16 PAHs was approximately equaled to 13% of those in atmospheric PM, suggesting significant pulmonary leaching of PAHs deposited in lungs. Low- and high-molecular weight PAHs accounted for ∼ 41.8% and ∼ 45.1% of the total PAHs, respectively, which indicated that atmospheric PM tobacco and cooking smoke were likely to be important sources of pulmonary PAHs. The evident increasing concentrations of NaP and FLE in pulmonary PM were significantly correlated with smoking history among smokers. The implicated carcinogenic potency of PM-accumulated PAHs among the participants aged 70-80 was 17 times that among participants aged 40-50 on the basis of BaP equivalent concentration (BaPeq) evaluation. The particulate enrichment factor (EF), the PAH content in pulmonary PM relative to the bulk lung tissue, was equaled to 54 ∼ 835 and averaged at 436. The high value of EF suggested that PAHs were essentially accumulated in pulmonary PM and exhibited a pattern of "hotspot" distribution in the lungs, which would likely increase the risk of monoclonal tumorigenesis. The chemical characteristics of PM-accumulated PAHs in human lungs together with their implicated lung cancer risks could provide significant information for understanding health effects of particulate pollution in the human body.
Topics: Humans; Particulate Matter; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Air Pollutants; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Environmental Monitoring; Dust; Risk Assessment; Lung; Lung Neoplasms
PubMed: 36871324
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107845 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jul 1991Phosphatidate-dependent protein phosphorylation was observed in soluble extracts from rat liver, brain, lung, and testis. The phosphorylation was stimulated by free Ca2+...
Phosphatidate-dependent protein phosphorylation was observed in soluble extracts from rat liver, brain, lung, and testis. The phosphorylation was stimulated by free Ca2+ in the range of 360-800 nM. Incubation mixtures containing phosphatidate provided markedly different profiles of protein phosphorylation from those with phosphatidylserine plus 1,2-diolein. Phosphatidate-dependent phosphorylation of a 30-kDa protein in the soluble fraction from heart was also observed. This phosphorylation did not require Ca2+. Soluble fractions from liver, testis, brain, and lung phosphorylated the 30-kDa heart protein in a phosphatidate-dependent Ca(2+)-independent manner. We propose that part of the action of phosphatidate in cells may be mediated by a protein kinase(s).
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Cytosol; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Kinetics; Liver; Lung; Male; Molecular Weight; Myocardium; Organ Specificity; Phosphatidic Acids; Phosphoproteins; Phosphorylation; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Testis
PubMed: 2068102
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.14.6210 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine May 2021A 2-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat underwent investigations for acute onset of lethargy, hyporexia, and cough. Computed tomography of the thorax...
A 2-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat underwent investigations for acute onset of lethargy, hyporexia, and cough. Computed tomography of the thorax identified a large mass-like lesion in the left cranial lung lobe and bilateral pleural effusion. Thoracotomy and left cranial lung lobectomy were performed. Histopathology of the pulmonary mass was consistent with a localized Toxoplasma gondii pneumonia, confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction on the affected lung lobe. After adjunctive medical management with a 28-day course of clindamycin (12.5 mg/kg PO q12h), clinical signs resolved and repeat thoracic radiographs documented no abnormalities. The cat remains clinically well 1 year after surgery.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Clindamycin; Lung; Male; Pleural Effusion; Toxoplasma
PubMed: 33942386
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16111 -
Prenatal inflammation exacerbates hyperoxia-induced functional and structural changes in adult mice.American Journal of Physiology.... Aug 2012Maternally derived inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and IL-8, contribute to preterm delivery, low birth weight, and respiratory insufficiency, which are routinely...
Maternally derived inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and IL-8, contribute to preterm delivery, low birth weight, and respiratory insufficiency, which are routinely treated with oxygen. Premature infants are at risk for developing adult-onset cardiac, metabolic, and pulmonary diseases. Long-term pulmonary consequences of perinatal inflammation are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that a hostile perinatal environment induces profibrotic pathways resulting in pulmonary fibrosis, including persistently altered lung structure and function. Pregnant C3H/HeN mice injected with LPS or saline on embryonic day 16. Offspring were placed in room air (RA) or 85% O(2) for 14 days and then returned to RA. Pulmonary function tests, microCTs, molecular and histological analyses were performed between embryonic day 18 and 8 wk. Alveolarization was most compromised in LPS/O(2)-exposed offspring. Collagen staining and protein levels were increased, and static compliance was decreased only in LPS/O(2)-exposed mice. Three-dimensional microCT reconstruction and quantification revealed increased tissue densities only in LPS/O(2) mice. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis was associated with decreased micro-RNA-29, increased transforming growth factor-β expression, and phosphorylation of Smad2 during embryonic or early fetal lung development. Systemic maternal LPS administration in combination with neonatal hyperoxic exposure induces activation of profibrotic pathways, impaired alveolarization, and diminished lung function that are associated with prenatal and postnatal suppression of miR-29 expression.
Topics: Animals; Collagen; Female; Fibrosis; Hyperoxia; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Lung; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; MicroRNAs; Models, Animal; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Pulmonary Alveoli; Smad2 Protein; Transforming Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 22718803
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00029.2012