-
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Jul 2019Pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) and congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) are very rare congenital pulmonary anomalies in veterinary medicine. PH refers to the incomplete pulmonary...
BACKGROUND
Pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) and congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) are very rare congenital pulmonary anomalies in veterinary medicine. PH refers to the incomplete pulmonary development due to embryologic imbalance of bronchial development between the lung buds, while CLE is defined as alveolar hyperinflation due to bronchial collapse during expiration caused by bronchial cartilage dysplasia, external bronchial compression, and idiopathic etiology. CLE may develop into pulmonary blebs or bullae that may rupture and induce a spontaneous pneumothorax. There are no reports on concurrent PH and CLE in animals.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 7-month-old castrated male Italian Greyhound weighing 5.5 kg presented with vomiting and acute onset of severe dyspnea without any previous history of disease. After emergency treatment including oxygen supplementation and thoracocentesis, plain radiology and computed tomography scanning were performed and lobar emphysema with multiple bullae in the left cranial lung lobe associated with tension pneumothorax was identified. Since the pneumothorax was not resolved despite continuous suction of intrathoracic air for 3 days, a complete lobectomy of the left cranial lung lobe was performed. The excised lobe was not grossly divided into cranial and caudal parts, but a tissue mass less than 1 cm in size was present at the hilum and cranial to the excised lobe. Postoperatively, the dog recovered rapidly without air retention in the thoracic cavity. Histopathologically, the mass was identified as a hypoplastic lung tissue with collapsed alveoli, bronchial dysplasia, and pulmonary arterial hypertrophy. Additionally, the excised lung lobe presented CLE with marked ectasia of alveoli, various blebs and bullae, and general bronchial cartilage dysplasia. According to gross and histopathologic findings, the dog was diagnosed with concurrent PH and CLE in the left cranial lung lobe. During 16 months of follow-up, the dog was well and without any respiratory problems.
CONCLUSIONS
This case report confirmed the clinical and histologic features of two different types of rare congenital pulmonary anomalies, PH and CLE, which occurred concurrently in a single lung lobe of a young dog. The condition was successfully managed with lobectomy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Lung; Lung Diseases; Male; Pneumothorax; Pulmonary Emphysema; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31349870
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0472-2 -
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis Apr 2022Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in the world. Screening new serum biomarkers is important for the early detection of lung cancer. The...
OBJECTS
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in the world. Screening new serum biomarkers is important for the early detection of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum peptide model between non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and healthy controls, as well as between paired pre- and postoperative NSCLC patients, and to find the low molecular weight (LMW) potential tumor markers for NSCLC.
METHODS
56 serum samples from NSCLC patients, 56 controls, and 20 matched pre- and postoperative patients were analyzed using magnetic-bead (MB)-based purification technique combined with MALDI-TOF-MS. To distinguish NSCLC from cancer-free controls, three models were established. Finally, comparing the three groups of serum protein fingerprints, nano-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was used to further identify the differential peptides.
RESULTS
Among the three models constructed, the GA model had the best diagnostic efficacy. Five differential peaks were screened by combining the case group, healthy controls, and postoperative group analysis, which were up-regulated in the case group and showed a tendency to return to healthy control values after surgery. The protein matching the mass spectrometry peak m/z 2953.73 was identified as fibrinogen α chain.
CONCLUSION
This study shows that the application of MALDI-TOF-MS is a promising approach for the identification of potential serum biomarkers for NSCLC, which is potentially valuable for establishing a new diagnostic method for lung cancer. In addition, we found that fibrinogen α chain may be an auxiliary diagnostic indicator for NSCLC.
Topics: Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Fibrinogen; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Molecular Weight; Peptides; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 35212031
DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24254 -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Nov 2015Lung transplantation is the only viable option for patients suffering from otherwise incurable end-stage pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease...
Lung transplantation is the only viable option for patients suffering from otherwise incurable end-stage pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Despite aggressive immunosuppression, acute rejection of the lung allograft occurs in over half of transplant recipients, and the factors that promote lung acceptance are poorly understood. The contribution of lymphatic vessels to transplant pathophysiology remains controversial, and data that directly address the exact roles of lymphatic vessels in lung allograft function and survival are limited. Here, we have shown that there is a marked decline in the density of lymphatic vessels, accompanied by accumulation of low-MW hyaluronan (HA) in mouse orthotopic allografts undergoing rejection. We found that stimulation of lymphangiogenesis with VEGF-C156S, a mutant form of VEGF-C with selective VEGFR-3 binding, alleviates an established rejection response and improves clearance of HA from the lung allograft. Longitudinal analysis of transbronchial biopsies from human lung transplant recipients demonstrated an association between resolution of acute lung rejection and decreased HA in the graft tissue. Taken together, these results indicate that lymphatic vessel formation after lung transplantation mediates HA drainage and suggest that treatments to stimulate lymphangiogenesis have promise for improving graft outcomes.
Topics: Acute Disease; Allografts; Animals; Endothelial Cells; Forced Expiratory Volume; Glycoproteins; Graft Rejection; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lung; Lung Transplantation; Lymphangiogenesis; Lymphatic Vessels; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Molecular Weight; Mutation; Prednisone; Protein Binding; Tumor Suppressor Proteins; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3
PubMed: 26485284
DOI: 10.1172/JCI79693 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine May 2021A 2-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat underwent investigations for acute onset of lethargy, hyporexia, and cough. Computed tomography of the thorax...
A 2-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat underwent investigations for acute onset of lethargy, hyporexia, and cough. Computed tomography of the thorax identified a large mass-like lesion in the left cranial lung lobe and bilateral pleural effusion. Thoracotomy and left cranial lung lobectomy were performed. Histopathology of the pulmonary mass was consistent with a localized Toxoplasma gondii pneumonia, confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction on the affected lung lobe. After adjunctive medical management with a 28-day course of clindamycin (12.5 mg/kg PO q12h), clinical signs resolved and repeat thoracic radiographs documented no abnormalities. The cat remains clinically well 1 year after surgery.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Clindamycin; Lung; Male; Pleural Effusion; Toxoplasma
PubMed: 33942386
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16111 -
Torsed extralobar pulmonary sequestration associated with congenital lobar emphysema: a rare entity.Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory... 2023Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital malformation, which mainly contains two variants involving extralobar and intralobar sequestrations. Extralobar...
Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital malformation, which mainly contains two variants involving extralobar and intralobar sequestrations. Extralobar sequestrations (ELS) are isolated from the remaining lung tissue and have their visceral pleura. Herein, we report the first case of a torsed ELS associated with congenital lobar emphysema. We described a boy who mainly presented with abdominal and chest pain. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a mildly enhanced posterior mediastinal mass with left lower lobar emphysema. Thoracoscopic surgery identified a dark and hemorrhagic mass that was connected to the thoracic aorta by a twisted feeding vessel and had its visceral pleura. Pathological findings were consistent with an ELS that had undergone torsion and infarction. The postoperative recovery was uneventful. For the left lower lobar emphysema, he was required for a regular outpatient follow-up. In conclusion, although extremely rare, physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for torsed ELS when a posterior mediastinal mass with abdominal or chest pain is presented in children.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Bronchopulmonary Sequestration; Lung; Chest Pain; Emphysema
PubMed: 36988433
DOI: 10.1177/17534666231164535 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2021Gender differences in pulmonary inflammation have been well documented. Although low molecular mass hyaluronan (LMMHA) is known to trigger pulmonary lung inflammation,...
Gender differences in pulmonary inflammation have been well documented. Although low molecular mass hyaluronan (LMMHA) is known to trigger pulmonary lung inflammation, sex differences in susceptibility to LMMHA are still unknown. In this study, we test the hypothesis that mice may display sex-specific differences after LMMHA administration. After LMMHA administration, male mice have higher neutrophil, cytokine, and chemokine counts compared to that of their female counterparts. Additionally, Ovariectomized (OVX) mice show greater LMMHA-induced inflammation compared to that of mice with intact ovaries. Injections of OVX mice with 17β-estradiol can decrease inflammatory responses in the OVX mice. These results show that ovarian hormones regulate LMMHA induced lung inflammation.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Female; Hyaluronic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Molecular Weight; Pneumonia; Sex Factors; Viscosupplements
PubMed: 33401552
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010419 -
Physiological Research 2000Chronic sojourn in hypoxic environment results in the structural remodeling of peripheral pulmonary arteries and pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesize that the... (Review)
Review
Chronic sojourn in hypoxic environment results in the structural remodeling of peripheral pulmonary arteries and pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesize that the pathogenesis of changes in pulmonary vascular structure is related to the increase of radical production induced by lung tissue hypoxia. Hypoxia primes alveolar macrophages to produce more hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the increased release of oxygen radicals by other hypoxic lung cells cannot be excluded. Several recent reports demonstrate the oxidant damage of lungs exposed to chronic hypoxia. The production of nitric oxide is high in animals with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and the serum concentration of nitrotyrosine (radical product of nitric oxide and superoxide interaction) is also increased in chronically hypoxic rats. Antioxidants were shown to be effective in the prevention of hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension. We suppose that the mechanism by which the radicals stimulate of the vascular remodeling is due to their effect on the metabolism of vascular wall matrix proteins. Non-enzymatic protein alterations and/or activation of collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases may also participate. The presence of low-molecular weight cleavage products of matrix proteins stimulates the mesenchymal proliferation in the wall of distal pulmonary arteries. Thickened and less compliant peripheral pulmonary vasculature is then more resistant to the blood flow and the hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is developed.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypoxia; Lung; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 11191355
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Cancer Research and... Jan 2023Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS) is a common soft tissue sarcoma that can develop in various organs, but lung involvement is usually due to metastasis. UPS...
Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS) is a common soft tissue sarcoma that can develop in various organs, but lung involvement is usually due to metastasis. UPS originating primarily in the lungs is called primary pulmonary undifferentiated pleomorphic Sarcoma (PPUPS) and is exceptionally rare. It is a high-grade pleomorphic neoplasm with no identifiable lines of differentiation. Thus, it is essentially a diagnosis of exclusion that requires extensive clinical, radiographic and histopathological evaluation. Herein we report the case of a 49-year-old gentleman who presented with anemia and weight loss and was found to have a large right lung mass. The lesion was diagnosed as PPUPS after detailed histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis and exclusion of a possible extrapulmonary origin.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous; Sarcoma; Lung Neoplasms; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Lung
PubMed: 38384097
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1612_21 -
BioMed Research International 2021Lectins are widely distributed in the natural world and are usually involved in antitumor activities. () is a medicinal and edible homologous fungus. contains many...
Lectins are widely distributed in the natural world and are usually involved in antitumor activities. () is a medicinal and edible homologous fungus. contains many active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, melanin, flavonoids, adenosine, sterols, alkaloids, and terpenes. In this study, we expected to isolate and purify lectin from , determine the glycoside bond type and sugar-specific protein of lectin (AAL), and finally, determine its antitumor activities. We used ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography to separate and purify lectin from . The result was a 25 kDa AAL with a relative molecular mass of 18913.22. Protein identification results suggested that this lectin contained four peptide chains by comparing with the UniProt database. The FT-IR and -elimination reaction demonstrated that the connection between the oligosaccharide and polypeptide of AAL was an N-glucoside bond. Analyses of its physical and chemical properties showed that AAL was a temperature-sensitive and acidic/alkaline-dependent glycoprotein. Additionally, the anticancer experiment manifested that AAL inhibited the proliferation of A549, and the IC value was 28.19 ± 1.92 g/mL. RNA sequencing dataset analyses detected that AAL may regulate the expression of , , and to suppress tumor proliferation. Through the pulmonary flora analysis, the bacterial structure of each phylum in the lectin treatment group was more reasonable, and the colonization ability of the normal microflora was improved, indicating that lectin treatment could significantly improve the bacterial diversity characteristics.
Topics: A549 Cells; Antineoplastic Agents; Auricularia; Bacteria; Cell Proliferation; Chemical Precipitation; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Molecular Weight; Plant Lectins; Sugars; Temperature
PubMed: 34337031
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5597135 -
Biomedica : Revista Del Instituto... Dec 2020Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases around the world. With timely diagnosis and treatment, mortality in children is practically zero. It is...
Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases around the world. With timely diagnosis and treatment, mortality in children is practically zero. It is usually associated with a diverse number of complications that can cause significant morbidity and mortality, such as deep and superficial vein thrombosis. This event has been associated with a procoagulant state caused by the systemic inflammatory response to infection. We report the case of a 14-year-old adolescent with pulmonary tuberculosis under the initial four-drug regimen. She presented two episodes of venous thromboembolism, the first in the kidneys and the second in the lungs. After ruling out diseases such as nephrotic and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, chest and abdomen tomographies were performed as a fundamental tool for the diagnosis. Thereafter, treatment with low molecular weight heparin was initiated and the symptoms improved. Given the requirement for anticoagulation, further image studies could not be done. Thromboembolic complications in patients with no other risk factors, associated only with a previous pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, offer evidence to consider the procoagulant effect resulting from the systemic inflammatory response that, by itself, could be the cause of a serious complication, often underdiagnosed but also preventable. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the predisposition for venous thromboembolism in these patients and to establish strict surveillance so early anticoagulant therapy can be provided to prevent adverse outcomes.
Topics: Adolescent; Anticoagulants; Female; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; Humans; Kidney; Lung; Lung Diseases; Pulmonary Veins; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Venous Thromboembolism
PubMed: 33275336
DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5195