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BMC Oral Health Sep 2023This study aimed to assess the root canal morphology of primary molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to assess the root canal morphology of primary molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
METHODS
This cross-sectional study evaluated 60 maxillary and mandibular primary first and second molars on CBCT scans of patients retrieved from the archives of Hamadan School of Dentistry between 2018-2020. The teeth were evaluated regarding the number of roots and canals, canal type according to the Vertucci's classification, and root surface concavities. Data were analyzed descriptively and by independent t-test.
RESULTS
The most frequent number of canals and roots in the maxillary right and left first molars was 3 canals (60%) and 3 roots (80%). These values were 4 canals (80%) and 5 canals (50%) with 3 roots in the maxillary right and left second molars, respectively, 4 canals (100%) and 2 roots (50%), and 3 canals (60%) and 2 roots (50%) in mandibular right and left first molars, respectively, and 4 canals (92.3%) and 3 roots (61.5%) in mandibular right and left second molars. Vertucci's type IV was the most common canal type in mesial and distal canals, type I was the most common in mesiobuccal, mesiolingual, distobuccal, and distolingual, and types I and II were the most common in the palatal canal. The maximum and minimum concavities were noted in the buccal (26.7%) and mesial (8.3%) surfaces, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
A wide variation exists in the number of roots and canals of maxillary and mandibular primary molars, which calls for further attention in treatment of such teeth.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pulp Cavity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Root Canal Therapy; Molar; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
PubMed: 37749546
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03414-z -
BioMed Research International 2021This study is aimed at investigating the root and root canal morphology by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and palatal furcation groove of the buccal root by...
OBJECTIVES
This study is aimed at investigating the root and root canal morphology by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and palatal furcation groove of the buccal root by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) of maxillary first premolars in a Chinese subpopulation.
METHODS
This study assessed CBCT images of 440 patients aged 14-80 years. Based on Vertucci's classification, the number of roots and the canal configuration were determined. Forty-eight maxillary first premolars with furcation grooves were analyzed by micro-CT in patients aged 18-25 years.
RESULTS
Based on the CBCT assay, 70.22% and 29.32% of maxillary first premolars were 1 root and 2 roots, respectively. The configuration indicated statistical difference ( < 0.05) between male and female patients. The most common canal type was type IV and was found in 44.32% of cases, followed by type I in 27.84%, and then type II in 20.57%. Root bifurcations had 40.13% prevalence which was distributed more in the middle third than in the cervical and the apical third. For the micro-CT study, 95.83% of the furcation groove configuration was found in the bifurcated maxillary first premolars. The length varied from 1.02 to 7.63 mm. The mean depth of this groove was 0.57 mm in the root coronal, 0.47 mm in the root middle, and 0.22 mm in the root apical level. Palatal dentin width was smaller than 1 mm.
CONCLUSION
The anatomy of the root and root canal system and the irregular wall width of maxillary first premolars with furcation grooves may help dentists to understand the anatomical morphology and improve the outcomes of endodontic treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bicuspid; Dental Pulp Cavity; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Tooth Root; X-Ray Microtomography; Young Adult
PubMed: 33506045
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8862956 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2023This study compared the preparation of long oval-shaped root canals using WaveOne Gold and XP-endo Shaper systems, both supplemented or not with manual instrumentation....
This study compared the preparation of long oval-shaped root canals using WaveOne Gold and XP-endo Shaper systems, both supplemented or not with manual instrumentation. Twenty-four long oval-shaped canals of mandibular incisors were distributed into two groups according to the instrumentation: WaveOne Gold Primary or XP-endo Shaper systems. All root canals were manually instrumented with a size 25 K-file after automated preparation. The specimens were scanned by using a micro-CT device (17.42 µm) before and after automated preparation and manual instrumentation. The increased surface of the root canal and the percentage of untouched areas were assessed. Both WaveOne Gold and XP-endo Shaper systems increased the root canal surface and had similar untouched areas (p>0.05). Supplementary instrumentation increased the surface of the root canal and decreased the untouched walls (p<0.05). WaveOne Gold and XP-endo Shaper systems provided a similar preparation of long oval-shaped canals and manual instrumentation improved their preparation.
Topics: Dental Pulp Cavity; Root Canal Preparation; Root Canal Therapy; X-Ray Microtomography; Gold
PubMed: 37194855
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305231 -
Australian Dental Journal Mar 2007Bacteria have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of pulp and periapical diseases. The primary aim of endodontic treatment is to remove as many bacteria... (Review)
Review
Bacteria have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of pulp and periapical diseases. The primary aim of endodontic treatment is to remove as many bacteria as possible from the root canal system and then to create an environment in which any remaining organisms cannot survive. This can only be achieved through the use of a combination of aseptic treatment techniques, chemomechanical preparation of the root canal, antimicrobial irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments. The choice of which intracanal medicament to use is dependent on having an accurate diagnosis of the condition being treated, as well as a thorough knowledge of the type of organisms likely to be involved and their mechanisms of growth and survival. Since the disease is likely to have been caused by the presence of bacteria within the root canal, the use of an antimicrobial agent is essential. Many medicaments have been used in an attempt to achieve the above aims but no single preparation has been found to be completely predictable or effective. Commonly used medicaments include calcium hydroxide, antibiotics, non-phenolic biocides, phenolic biocides and iodine compounds. Each has advantages and disadvantages, and further research is required to determine which is best suited for root canal infections.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Pulp Cavity; Disinfectants; Drug Resistance; Enterococcus faecalis; Humans; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Therapy; Virulence
PubMed: 17546863
DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00527.x -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2021Radiographic analysis of tooth morphology is mandatory for accurate calibration of the degree of canal curvature angle and radiographic working length to its real...
Root canal curvature as a prognostic factor influencing the diagnostic accuracy of radiographic working length determination and postoperative canal axis modification: an in vitro comparative study.
BACKGROUND
Radiographic analysis of tooth morphology is mandatory for accurate calibration of the degree of canal curvature angle and radiographic working length to its real dimensions in case difficulty assessment protocols. This study aimed to determine the impact of the degree of root canal curvature angle on maintaining the real working length and the original canal axis of prepared root canals using a reciprocating rotary instrumentation technique.
METHODS
Radiographic image analysis was performed on 60 extracted single-rooted human premolar teeth with a moderate canal curvature (10°-25°) and severe canal curvature (26°-70°). Working length and longitudinal canal axis were determined using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital periapical radiography. The real canal length was determined by subtracting 0.5 mm from the actual canal length. Root canals were prepared using the WaveOne Gold reciprocating file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland).
RESULTS
There was no significant relation of the degree of canal curvature angle to the accuracy of radiographic working length estimated on CBCT and digital periapical radiographic techniques (P > 0.05). Postinstrumentation changes in the original canal axis between moderate and severe canal curvature angles, assessed on CBCT and periapical digital radiographic images were statistically non-significant (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
A standardized digital periapical radiographic method performed similarly to the CBCT technique near to its true working length. No significant interaction exists between the diagnostic working length estimation, postoperative root canal axis modification, and the degree of canal curvature angle, using reciprocating rotary instrumentation technique.
Topics: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Dental Pulp Cavity; Humans; Molar; Prognosis; Root Canal Preparation; Switzerland; Tooth Apex
PubMed: 33653318
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01446-x -
Journal of Oral Science Oct 2022An investigation of the configurations of mandibular premolar roots and canals in a population of Black South Africans.
PURPOSE
An investigation of the configurations of mandibular premolar roots and canals in a population of Black South Africans.
METHODS
Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of 772 mandibular premolars was performed, and the premolars were classified according to the systems proposed by Vertucci and Ahmed et al. Root number, canal morphology, age, and sex were recorded. Fisher's exact test was used to determine relationships based on age and sex (P < 0.05).
RESULTS
Single roots were seen in the majority of mandibular premolars (97.1%). Single canal configurations (i.e., Vertucci Type 1/Ahmed et al. MP) were observed in 48.5% of first and 81.3% of second mandibular premolars. Mandibular first premolars demonstrated multiple canals in more than half of the sample (51.5%), and C-shaped morphology in more than one-tenth (11.1%). A relationship between sex and the presence of radicular grooves was demonstrated (P = 0.049), males being more likely to demonstrate this feature (P = 0.051). Multiple canals in mandibular first premolars also showed a relationship with sex (P = 0.005), a male predilection being evident (P = 0.007). The Ahmed et al. system proved superior to the Vertucci classification for reporting complex configurations and anatomical variations, although a greater number of unique categories were created.
CONCLUSION
Diverse mandibular premolar root and canal morphology was observed in the studied population. Clinicians must be aware of common morphological features as well as possible anatomical variations in mandibular premolars, as failure to treat complete root canal systems may negatively impact endodontic treatment outcomes.
Topics: Bicuspid; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Dental Pulp Cavity; Humans; Male; Mandible; South Africa; Tooth Root
PubMed: 36089376
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.22-0239 -
BMC Oral Health Jan 2023The study's objective was to use CBCT to ascertain the root and root canal anatomy of the permanent maxillary first molars in a Yemeni population. It was considered how...
BACKGROUND
The study's objective was to use CBCT to ascertain the root and root canal anatomy of the permanent maxillary first molars in a Yemeni population. It was considered how gender affected the prevalence of root canal morphology.
METHODS
A sample of 373 CBCT records of maxillary permanent first molars belonging to 373 Yemeni individuals (162 males and 211 females) aged between 12 and 65 years were included in this study. Using CBCT on the teeth, the root form and canal morphology for each root based on Vertucci's classification were evaluated. The distribution of MB2 occurrence was documented. The prevalence and resemblance of the men and females were investigated. The Chi-square test was performed to evaluate the findings.
RESULTS
Of the 373 maxillary first molars studied, the three separated root form was found in 94.9% of the studied MFMs while the two fused and one separate root form was found in 4.5%. The majority of the three-rooted MFMs (82.6%) had more than three root canals (four canals in 77.2% and five canals in 5.4%). The prevalence of MB2 was as high as 82.3% of the three-rooted MFMs. Vertucci type II configuration was the most frequent canal type (25%) followed by Vertucci type III (23.1%) and Vertucci type I (17.7%) in the mesiobuccal root. Vertucci type I was the most prevalent canal configuration in the distobuccal root and palatal root of the three-rooted MFMs (96% and 99.5%, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
The maxillary first molars' root canal morphology indicated notable variations among a Yemeni population. The maxillary first molars of most of the Yemeni participants in this study had three roots and four canals. In light of the high occurrence of MB2 (82.3%) in permanent maxillary first molars, our findings emphasize the need of searching for and using cutting-edge techniques to locate the MB2 canals. Males outnumbered females in proportion.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Dental Pulp Cavity; Maxilla; Molar; Tooth Root; Yemen; Prevalence
PubMed: 36703140
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02752-2 -
Journal of Oral Science Oct 2023Apically extruded debris, canal transportation and shaping ability were compared between contracted endodontic cavities (CECs) and traditional endodontic cavities (TECs)...
PURPOSE
Apically extruded debris, canal transportation and shaping ability were compared between contracted endodontic cavities (CECs) and traditional endodontic cavities (TECs) after instrumentation with XP-endo Shaper (XPS), ProTaper Gold (PTG), ProTaper for hand-use (HPT) and Hero Shaper.
METHODS
The CECs or TECs groups were sub-divided into 24 groups according to root canal morphology and nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments. The weight of apically extruded debris was calculated using the Myers and Montgomery model. Pre- and postoperative images of teeth were scanned using micro-CT and the three-dimensional models were constructed and compared.
RESULTS
Under CECs or TECs, XPS and PTG produced less apical debris and formed less canal transportation than HPT and Hero Shaper (P < 0.05). XPS group under CECs extruded less apical debris than that under TCEs for round canals with curvature of 20°-35° (P < 0.05). The centering ratios of four tested instruments were higher under TECs than those under CECs (P < 0.05). The HPT and Hero Shaper had more transportation under CECs than that under TCEs (P < 0.05). No statistical difference was found regarding shaping ability among all the groups.
CONCLUSION
Under CECs, XPS preserves the original root canal anatomy, meanwhile it produces less apical debris than the other instruments.
Topics: Nickel; Titanium; Dental Pulp Cavity; Root Canal Preparation; Molar; Equipment Design
PubMed: 37532528
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0050 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2022The study's goal was to use Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to assess the root and root canal anatomy of mandibular second molars with C-shaped root canal...
BACKGROUND
The study's goal was to use Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to assess the root and root canal anatomy of mandibular second molars with C-shaped root canal configurations in residents of the Hail district. The impact of gender and side on the frequency of root canal morphology was considered.
METHODS
The sample size for this study was 304 untreated mandibular second molars with completely developed roots on the right and left sides. Using CBCT on the teeth, the root form and canal morphology for each root are based on Vertucci's classification. The occurrence of canals in the shape of a C. The prevalence and resemblance of the left and right sides or men and females were investigated. The Chi-square test was performed to evaluate the findings.
RESULTS
Of the 304 mandibular second molars studied, 286 teeth had two roots (94.1%), whilst 13 (4.3%) were C-shaped root canal systems. 77 molars (25.3%) had two canal orifices, 219 (72.0%) had three canal orifices, and six (2.0%) and one (0.3%) had four and five root canal orifices, respectively. Type IV was the most common for mesial root, accounting for 57.7% of the sample (n = 176). For distal root, the most common occurrence was type I, which occurred 282 times (96.60%). The most prevalent root canal morphology was the presence of two canals in the mesial root and one canal in the distal root of teeth with two distinct roots (variant 3). (69.4%). The overall prevalence of C-shaped root canal systems is (4.3%) (n = 13).
CONCLUSIONS
The patient's race is an undeniable factor that influences root canal anatomy. The root canal morphology of mandibular second molars revealed significant differences between Saudi subpopulations. The majority of mandibular second molars had two roots and three root canals. When treating these molars, the presence of a C-shaped root canal system must be taken into account.
Topics: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Dental Pulp Cavity; Female; Humans; Male; Mandible; Molar; Saudi Arabia
PubMed: 35778729
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02305-z -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Feb 2024The study of the morphological parameters of teeth on dental radiographic images, especially evaluation of the pulp canal/root ratio (PCRR), has been presented as a...
BACKGROUND
The study of the morphological parameters of teeth on dental radiographic images, especially evaluation of the pulp canal/root ratio (PCRR), has been presented as a reliable method to estimate age both in humans and animals. Evaluating PCRR involves a simple, nondestructive procedure that can be used both in living individuals and in cadavers. There is a scarcity of studies assessing the relationship between PCRR and age in dogs .
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PCRR and age in Yorkshire terrier dogs.
ANIMALS AND PROCEDURES
Dental radiographs of 53 Yorkshire terrier dogs from the database of the Odontovet Veterinary Dentistry Center (Brazil) were analyzed. Using ImageJ software, 3 consecutive measurements of the widths of 2 roots (mesial and distal) and their respective pulp canals were taken at both mandibular molar teeth (left, 309 and right, 409). The PCRR was then calculated using width means.
RESULTS
The PCRR decreased with increasing age in both mesial (0.21 ± 0.09 in animals aged < 24 mo, 0.12 ± 0.04 in animals aged between 25 and 96 mo, and 0.09 ± 0.03 in dogs aged > 96 mo) and distal (0.24 ± 0.11, 1.01 ± 0.03, and 0.09 ± 0.03, by the same order) roots. A statistically significant, moderate negative correlation was demonstrated between age and PCRR of the mesial [ (97) = -0.545; < 0.001] and distal [ (98) = -0.578; < 0.001] roots.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This work contributes to the knowledge of PCRR in dogs and its relationship with age, paving the way for further studies using larger samples in different canine breeds.
Topics: Humans; Dogs; Animals; Dental Pulp Cavity; Tooth Root; Mandible; Molar
PubMed: 38304483
DOI: No ID Found