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Scientific Reports Jun 2022Gene expression (GE) analysis of FDXR, DDB2, WNT3 and POU2AF1 is a promising approach for identification of clinically relevant groups (unexposed, low- and high exposed)...
Gene expression (GE) analysis of FDXR, DDB2, WNT3 and POU2AF1 is a promising approach for identification of clinically relevant groups (unexposed, low- and high exposed) after radiological/nuclear events. However, results from international biodosimetry exercises have shown differences in dose estimates based on radiation-induced GE of the four genes. Also, differences in GE using next-generation-sequening (NGS) and validation with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was reported. These discrepancies could be caused by radiation-responsive differences among exons of the same gene. We performed GE analysis with qRT-PCR using TaqMan-assays covering all exon-regions of FDXR, DDB2, WNT3 and POU2AF1. Peripheral whole blood from three healthy donors was X-irradiated with 0, 0.5 and 4 Gy. After 24 and 48 h a dose-dependent up-regulation across almost all exon-regions for FDXR and DDB2 (4-42-fold) was found. A down-regulation for POU2AF1 (two- to threefold) and WNT3 (< sevenfold) at the 3'-end was found at 4 Gy irradiation only. Hence, this confirms our hypothesis for radiation-responsive exon-regions for WNT3 and POU2AF1, but not for FDXR and DDB2. Finally, we identified the most promising TaqMan-assays for FDXR (e.g. AR7DTG3, Hs00244586_m1), DDB2 (AR47X6H, Hs03044951_m1), WNT3 (Hs00902258_m1, Hs00902257_m1) and POU2AF1 (Hs01573370_g1, Hs01573371_m1) for biodosimetry purposes and acute radiation syndrome prediction, considering several criteria (detection limit, dose dependency, time persistency, inter-individual variability).
Topics: Acute Radiation Syndrome; Biological Assay; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Exons; Humans; Radiation Dosage; Radiometry
PubMed: 35680903
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13577-4 -
CA: a Cancer Journal For Clinicians Jan 2022
Topics: Genomics; Humans; Radiation Dosage
PubMed: 34874554
DOI: 10.3322/caac.21711 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Mar 2022The diagnostic reference level (DRL) is a patient-exposure optimization tool used to evaluate and provide guidance for radiation doses in medical imaging. In the past...
The diagnostic reference level (DRL) is a patient-exposure optimization tool used to evaluate and provide guidance for radiation doses in medical imaging. In the past few decades, there has been a global increase in the number of diagnostic imaging procedures, including nuclear medicine procedures, and consequently in patient radiation exposure. This increase has encouraged international and national health-care organizations to take action and keep up with such changes to meet the expectation of increasing use of ionizing radiation in medicine. DRLs in Kuwait were established by investigating the administered activity of radiopharmaceuticals and CT radiation doses in hybrid imaging systems. The DRLs were determined on the basis of the 75th percentile of radiopharmaceutical administered activity distribution as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The DRLs determined in Kuwait agree well with other published DRLs in Europe, Japan, Korea, Australia, and the United States. This study presents the establishment process and the results of the first national DRLs for nuclear medicine procedures in Kuwait as a way to optimize radiation exposure.
Topics: Diagnostic Reference Levels; Humans; Kuwait; Multimodal Imaging; Nuclear Medicine; Radiation Dosage; Reference Values
PubMed: 34583955
DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.121.262175 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jul 1988
Topics: Child; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Female; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Radiation Dosage
PubMed: 3408951
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.297.6642.153 -
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Jun 2017
Topics: Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; Radiation Dosage; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 26956877
DOI: 10.1007/s12350-016-0455-x -
Radiation and Environmental Biophysics Nov 2022A key activity of MELODI is to organise annual European meetings where scientific results and future directions and strategies of relevant research are discussed. The...
A key activity of MELODI is to organise annual European meetings where scientific results and future directions and strategies of relevant research are discussed. The annual meetings, previously organised solely under the auspices of MELODI are, since 2016, jointly organised by the European platforms and referred to as European Radiation Protection Weeks (ERPW). In addition to ERPW meetings, MELODI organises and finances annual workshops dedicated to specific topics. Outputs and recommendations from the meetings are published as review articles. The 2020 workshop focussed on one of the cross cutting topics: the effects of spatial and temporal variation in dose delivery on disease risk. The current issue of REBS includes five review articles from the workshop on the effects of spatial and temporal variation in dose delivery and this editorial is a short summary of their content.
Topics: Radiation Dosage; Radiation Protection
PubMed: 36280614
DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-01002-3 -
Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) Mar 1997Apoptosis is a mode of cell death that is currently of intense research interest in developmental and cancer biology. For more than 40 years, radiobiologists have been... (Review)
Review
Apoptosis is a mode of cell death that is currently of intense research interest in developmental and cancer biology. For more than 40 years, radiobiologists have been aware of cells in irradiated specimens that display the features of apoptosis. Despite this knowledge, however, it has proved difficult to elucidate the role of apoptosis in end points important in radiation therapy and to distinguish its role from that of other modes of cell death, namely, reproductive cell death. In this article, the evidence relevant to this question will be critically reviewed. Conclusions that have significant implications for radiation therapy will be drawn to suggest that tumor cells with apoptotic propensity are more sensitive to radiation. If this hypothesis is confirmed, strategies can be envisioned that may restore apoptotic propensity to radioresistant tumor cells for therapeutic benefit.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Apoptosis; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Female; Humans; Mitosis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Radiation Dosage
PubMed: 9109128
DOI: No ID Found -
Nuclear Medicine and Biology 2021In oncology, the holy grail of radiotherapy is specific radiation dose deposition in tumours with minimal healthy tissue toxicity. If used appropriately, injectable,... (Review)
Review
In oncology, the holy grail of radiotherapy is specific radiation dose deposition in tumours with minimal healthy tissue toxicity. If used appropriately, injectable, systemic radionuclide therapies could meet these criteria, even for treatment of micrometastases and single circulating tumour cells. The clinical use of α and β particle-emitting molecular radionuclide therapies is rising, however clinical translation of Auger electron-emitting radionuclides is hampered by uncertainty around their exact subcellular localisation, which in turn affects the accuracy of dosimetry. This review aims to discuss and compare the advantages and disadvantages of various subcellular localisation methods available to localise radiopharmaceuticals and radionuclides for in vitro investigations.
Topics: Alpha Particles; Radiation Dosage; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 33964707
DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.03.010 -
Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences Mar 2023This editorial examines current collimation and cropping practices in general radiography. We critically reflect on whether we are concerned by the practice of...
This editorial examines current collimation and cropping practices in general radiography. We critically reflect on whether we are concerned by the practice of collimation creep amongst radiographers. Discussions around policy, evidence‐based practice and potential hypocrisies are outlined in this editorial piece.
Topics: Radiography; Phantoms, Imaging; Radiation Dosage
PubMed: 36608354
DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.648 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Jun 1997The health effects of radiation have been a focus for research since early in the 20th century. As the century ends, extensive experimental and epidemiologic evidence... (Review)
Review
The health effects of radiation have been a focus for research since early in the 20th century. As the century ends, extensive experimental and epidemiologic evidence has been accumulated that addresses the adverse consequences of radiation exposure; epidemiologic studies of radiation-exposed groups from the general population and specific occupational groups provide quantitative estimates of the cancer risks associated with exposure. This report provides a perspective on the extensive epidemiologic evidence on the health effects of ionizing radiation and on likely needs for further epidemiologic research on radiation and health. Epidemiologic studies have proved informative on the quantitative risks of radiation-caused cancer but we now face the challenges of more precisely characterizing risks at lower levels of exposure and also of assessing modifiers of the risks, including dose rate, genetic susceptibility, and other environmental exposures. This report considers investigative approaches, such as pooled analysis of multiple data sets, that can be used to address these complex questions and the limitations of these approaches for addressing societal concerns about the risks of radiation exposure.
Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Humans; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Radiation Dosage; Risk
PubMed: 9255575
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.97105s4883