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JAMA Oncology Jul 2023Pathogenesis of acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) is not completely understood. Pro-inflammatory cutaneous bacteria may contribute to cutaneous inflammation after...
IMPORTANCE
Pathogenesis of acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) is not completely understood. Pro-inflammatory cutaneous bacteria may contribute to cutaneous inflammation after radiation therapy.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) before radiation therapy is associated with ARD severity in patients with breast or head and neck cancer.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This prospective cohort study with observers blinded to colonization status was conducted from July 2017 to May 2018 at an urban academic cancer center. Patients aged 18 years or older with breast or head and neck cancer and plans for fractionated radiation therapy (≥15 fractions) with curative intent were enrolled via convenience sampling. Data were analyzed from September to October 2018.
EXPOSURES
Staphylococcus aureus colonization status before radiation therapy (baseline).
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was ARD grade using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event Reporting, version 4.03.
RESULTS
Among 76 patients analyzed, mean (SD) age was 58.5 (12.6) years and 56 (73.7%) were female. All 76 patients developed ARD: 47 (61.8%) with grade 1, 22 (28.9%) with grade 2, and 7 (9.2%) with grade 3. The prevalence of baseline nasal SA colonization was higher among patients who developed grade 2 or higher ARD compared with those who developed grade 1 ARD (10 of 29 [34.5%] vs 6 of 47 [12.8%]; P = .02, by χ2 test).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this cohort study, baseline nasal SA colonization was associated with development of grade 2 or higher ARD in patients with breast or head and neck cancer. The findings suggest that SA colonization may play a role in the pathogenesis of ARD.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Staphylococcus aureus; Prospective Studies; Cohort Studies; Radiodermatitis; Head and Neck Neoplasms
PubMed: 37140927
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.0454 -
Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 2022Acute radiodermatitis is a common, though severe, side effect of radiotherapy against cancer that may lead to an interruption or even abortion of the radiotherapy. Mouse... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Acute radiodermatitis is a common, though severe, side effect of radiotherapy against cancer that may lead to an interruption or even abortion of the radiotherapy. Mouse models provide an excellent tool to study pathomechanisms of a radiation-induced dermatitis as well as to test and develop novel innovative treatment strategies.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to provide an overview of different mouse models and irradiation devices that have been used so far and to describe the process of the induction of a radiation dermatitis in an immune proficient nude mouse model (SKH1-Hrhr) using a IBL 637 cesium-137γ-ray machine.
METHODS
This process includes the construction of a radiation shielding chamber, restricting the radiation to the right hind leg of the mouse, a dosimetry, and a dose finding study to identify the appropriate irradiation dose to induce a moderate radiation dermatitis.
RESULTS
A radiation shielding chamber was successfully constructed allowing selective irradiation of the right hind leg. A moderate radiodermatitis is induced with irradiation doses in the range of 60-70 Gy under the here described conditions. Symptoms peak about 8 days after irradiation and decrease relatively quickly thereafter. Histological analyses confirmed typical signs of inflammation.
CONCLUSION
This study describes for the first time a protocol to induce a moderate radiodermatitis in the nude mouse model SKH1-Hrhr using a IBL 637 gamma irradiator. This protocol will allow researchers to study novel treatment strategies to alleviate the burden of a radiodermatitis as a side effect of cancer treatment.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Mice, Nude; Radiodermatitis
PubMed: 35417908
DOI: 10.1159/000524596 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Jan 2008"Radiation recall"-also called "radiation recall dermatitis"-has been defined as the "recalling" by skin of previous radiation exposure in response to the administration...
"Radiation recall"-also called "radiation recall dermatitis"-has been defined as the "recalling" by skin of previous radiation exposure in response to the administration of certain response-inducing drugs. Although the phenomenon is relatively well known in the medical world, an exact cause has not been documented. Here, we report a rare occurrence of the radiation recall phenomenon in a breast cancer patient after palliative radiotherapy for bone, brain, and orbital metastases.
PubMed: 18317586
DOI: 10.3747/co.2008.201 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Aug 2021Radiation-induced dermatitis is a serious side effect of radiotherapy, and very few effective treatments are currently available for this condition. We previously...
BACKGROUND
Radiation-induced dermatitis is a serious side effect of radiotherapy, and very few effective treatments are currently available for this condition. We previously demonstrated that apoptosis is an important feature of radiation-induced dermatitis and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are one of the most promising types of stem cells that have a protective effect on acute radiation-induced dermatitis. Cathepsin F (CTSF) is a recently discovered protein that plays an important role in apoptosis. In this study, we investigated whether ADSCs affect chronic radiation-induced dermatitis, and the underlying mechanisms involved.
METHODS
ADSCs were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and characterized. For in vivo studies, rats were randomly divided into control and ADSC-treated groups, and cultured ADSCs were transplanted into radiation-induced dermatitis model rats. The effects of ADSC transplantation were determined by skin damage scoring, histopathological analysis, electron microscopy, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting analysis of apoptosis-related proteins. To evaluate the effects of ADSCs in vitro, radiation-induced apoptotic cells were treated with ADSC culture supernatant, and apoptosis-related protein expression was investigated by TUNEL staining, flow cytometry, and western blotting.
RESULTS
In the in vivo studies, skin damage, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis were reduced and hair follicle and sebaceous gland regeneration were enhanced in the ADSC group compared with the control group. Further, CTSF and downstream pro-apoptotic proteins (Bid, BAX, and caspase 9) were downregulated, while anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL) were upregulated. In vitro, ADSCs markedly attenuated radiation-induced apoptosis, downregulated CTSF and downstream pro-apoptotic proteins, and upregulated anti-apoptotic proteins.
CONCLUSION
ADSCs protect against radiation-induced dermatitis by exerting an anti-apoptotic effect through inhibition of CTSF expression. ADSCs may be a good therapeutic candidate to prevent the development of radiation-induced dermatitis.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Apoptosis; Cathepsin F; Cells, Cultured; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Radiodermatitis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stem Cells
PubMed: 34372921
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02516-1 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2023Radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer may cause severe radiation dermatitis (RD) resulting in RT interruption and affecting disease control. A few studies...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer may cause severe radiation dermatitis (RD) resulting in RT interruption and affecting disease control. A few studies address skin moisture changes during RT for head and neck cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of moisturized skin care (MSC) on severity of RD.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study includes newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients undergoing RT. Participants were divided into MSC group and routine skin care (RSC) group based on patient's preferred decision. Skin moisture in the four quadrants of the neck was measured weekly before and after RT. RD was assessed with the Radiation Induced Skin Reaction Assessment Scale (RISRAS) and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) acute skin toxicity grading criteria.
RESULTS
A total of 54 patients were enrolled, of which 49 patients were suitable for the statistical analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in the RISRAS total score since the 5 week after RT between the groups. The severity of RD was less (B=0.814, p=0.021) and the onset was later (B=-0.384, p=0.006) in the MSC group when compared to the RSC group. Skin moisture decreased with cumulative radiation dose. In the upper neck, the MSC group had a slower rate of skin moisture decrease compared to the RSC group (right upper neck: B=0.935, p=0.007; left upper neck: B=0.93, p=0.018).
CONCLUSION
MSC can effectively reduce the severity and delay the onset of RD, while slows down skin moisture decrease during RT.
Topics: Humans; Radiodermatitis; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Skin Care
PubMed: 37905662
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13389 -
International Journal of Radiation... Nov 2021
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Humans; Radiodermatitis; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccination
PubMed: 34153381
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.06.023 -
International Wound Journal Feb 2023A high incidence of severe acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) has been reported for cancer patients treated by proton beam therapy (PBT). This observational study... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
A high incidence of severe acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) has been reported for cancer patients treated by proton beam therapy (PBT). This observational study investigated the prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of ARD among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with PBT. Fifty-seven patients with newly diagnosed NPC and treated with PBT were enrolled. ARD was recorded weekly based on the criteria of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 at treatment visits (1st to 7th weeks) and 1 week (8th week) and 1 month (11th week) after the completion of PBT. The maximum ARD grade was 1, 2, and 3 in 26 (45.6%), 24 (42.1%), and 7 (12.3%) of the patients, respectively. The peak incidence of grade 2 and 3 ARD was observed during the period of the 6th to 8th weeks. Treatment of ARD included topical corticosteroid alone in 24 (42.1%) patients, topical corticosteroid plus silver sulfadiazine in 33 (57.9%) patients, and non-adhering silicone dressing to cover severe skin wound area in 25 (43.8%) patients. In the 11th week, most grade 2 and 3 ARD had disappeared and 93.0% of the patients had ARD of grade 1 or lower. In the binary logistic regression model, we identified habitual smoking (odds ratio [OR]: 5.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-18.8, P = .012) and N2 to N3 nodal status (OR: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.6-15.4, P = .006) as independent predictors of grade 2 and 3 ARD. The results show ARD is a major concern for patients with NPC treated with PBT, especially those with habitual smoking or advanced nodal status. Topical corticosteroid, silver sulfadiazine, and non-adhering silicone dressing are effective for treating ARD induced by PBT.
Topics: Humans; Proton Therapy; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Prognosis; Silver Sulfadiazine; Radiodermatitis; Treatment Outcome; Dermatologic Agents; Glucocorticoids; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 35880316
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13897 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Apr 2015
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Aortography; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; Endovascular Procedures; Female; Humans; Male; Radiation Dosage; Radiodermatitis; Skin
PubMed: 25601502
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.11.069 -
Onkologie 2010
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cisplatin; Drug Eruptions; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Radiodermatitis; Radiotherapy, Conformal; Vinblastine; Vinorelbine
PubMed: 20215797
DOI: 10.1159/000278722 -
The Netherlands Journal of Medicine Feb 2011Radiation recall dermatitis (RRD) is a rare cutaneous reaction occurring within a previously irradiated field, precipitated by certain drugs. A case of RRD most likely... (Review)
Review
Radiation recall dermatitis (RRD) is a rare cutaneous reaction occurring within a previously irradiated field, precipitated by certain drugs. A case of RRD most likely induced by doxorubicin is presented and illustrated together with a review of the literature.
Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Doxorubicin; Female; Humans; Radiodermatitis
PubMed: 21411843
DOI: No ID Found