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Journal of Vascular Surgery Jan 2022
Topics: Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney; Racial Groups; Renal Insufficiency; Surgeons; United States
PubMed: 34949382
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.10.023 -
Seminars in Nephrology Sep 2023Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has led to a global pandemic that continues to be responsible for ongoing... (Review)
Review
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has led to a global pandemic that continues to be responsible for ongoing health issues for people worldwide. Immunocompromised individuals such as kidney transplant recipients and dialysis patients have been and continue to be among the most affected, with poorer outcomes after infection, impaired response to COVID-19 vaccines, and protracted infection. The pandemic also has had a significant impact on patients with underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD), with CKD increasing susceptibility to COVID-19, risk of hospital admission, and mortality. COVID-19 also has been shown to lead to acute kidney injury (AKI) through both direct and indirect mechanisms. The incidence of COVID-19 AKI has been decreasing as the pandemic has evolved, but continues to be associated with adverse patient outcomes correlating with the severity of AKI. There is also increasing evidence examining the longer-term effect of COVID-19 on the kidney demonstrating continued decline in kidney function several months after infection. This review summarizes the current evidence examining the impact of COVID-19 on the kidney, covering both the impact on patients with CKD, including patients receiving kidney replacement therapy, in addition to discussing COVID-19 AKI.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Kidney; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Acute Kidney Injury
PubMed: 38199827
DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151471 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Nov 2020Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute exacerbation of CKD (ACKD) are common in dogs.
BACKGROUND
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute exacerbation of CKD (ACKD) are common in dogs.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize the etiology, clinical and laboratory findings, and short- and long-term prognosis of dogs with ACKD.
ANIMALS
One hundred dogs with ACKD.
METHODS
Medical records of dogs diagnosed with ACKD admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed.
RESULTS
The most common clinical signs included anorexia (84%), lethargy (77%), vomiting (55%) and diarrhea (37%). Presumptive etiology included inflammatory causes (30%), pyelonephritis (15%), ischemic causes (7%), other (3%), or unknown (45%). Median hospitalization time was 5 days (range, 2-29 days) and was significantly longer in survivors (6 days; range, 2-29 days) compared with nonsurvivors (4 days; range, 2-20 days; P < .001). Mortality rate was 35%. International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) acute kidney injury (AKI) grade at presentation was associated (P = .009) with short-term survival, but presumptive etiology was not (P = .46). On multivariable analysis; respiratory rate (P = .01), creatine kinase (CK) activity (P = .005) and serum creatinine concentration (SCR; P = .04) at presentation were associated with short-term outcome. Median survival time of dogs discharged was 105 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 25-184), with 35 and 8 dogs surviving up to 6 and 12 months, respectively. Presumptive etiology (P = .16) and SCR (P = .59) at discharge were not predictors of long-term survival.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Short-term outcome of dogs with ACKD is comparable to those with AKI but long-term prognosis is guarded. The IRIS AKI grade at presentation is a prognostic indicator of short-term outcome.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Hospitals, Animal; Hospitals, Teaching; Prognosis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33044036
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15931 -
Peritoneal Dialysis International :... May 2020
Topics: Creatinine; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Goals; Humans; Patient Selection; Peritoneal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency
PubMed: 32063219
DOI: 10.1177/0896860819895364 -
Kidney International Nov 2006Excess fatty acids accompanied by triglyceride accumulation in parenchymal cells of multiple tissues including skeletal and cardiac myocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic... (Review)
Review
Excess fatty acids accompanied by triglyceride accumulation in parenchymal cells of multiple tissues including skeletal and cardiac myocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic beta cells results in chronic cellular dysfunction and injury. The process, now termed lipotoxicity, can account for many manifestations of the 'metabolic syndrome'. Most data suggest that the triglycerides serve primarily a storage function with toxicity deriving mainly from long-chain nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and their products such as ceramides and diacylglycerols. In the kidney, filtered NEFA carried on albumin can aggravate the chronic tubule damage and inflammatory phenotype that develop during proteinuric states and lipid loading of both glomerular and tubular cells is a common response to renal injury that contributes to progression of nephropathy. NEFA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is the primary mechanism for energetic failure of proximal tubules during hypoxia/reoxygenation and persistent increases of tubule cell NEFA and triglycerides occur during acute renal failure in vivo in association with downregulation of mitochondrial and peroxisomal enzymes of beta oxidation. In acute renal failure models, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ligand treatment can ameliorate the NEFA and triglyceride accumulation and limits tissue injury likely via both direct tubule actions and anti-inflammatory effects. Both acute and chronic kidney disease are associated with systemic manifestations of the metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Fatty Acids; Humans; Kidney Tubules; Metabolic Syndrome; Renal Insufficiency
PubMed: 16955100
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001834 -
BioMed Research International 2022Free light chains and (FLC , FLC ) are of great significance in diagnostic and monitoring monoclonal gammopathy. Freelite and N-Latex methods are two common monitoring... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Free light chains and (FLC , FLC ) are of great significance in diagnostic and monitoring monoclonal gammopathy. Freelite and N-Latex methods are two common monitoring methods at present. But the two meanings are not completely equivalent, especially for patients with renal insufficiency. We analyzed the changes of serum and urine FLC in renal insufficiency patients without monoclonal gammopathy and the clinical significance of these changes.
METHODS
This study is an observational study. Patients ≥ 18 years old, who met the diagnostic criteria of chronic kidney disease (CKD), excluding monoclonal gammopathy, were selected. Fasting serum and 24-hour urine were taken to detect serum FLC , serum FLC , SCr, serum -microglobulin, urinary FLC , urinary FLC , urinary -microglobulin, and urinary -microglobulin.
RESULTS
There was a good correlation between the two methods for determining serum/urinary FLC. No matter serum or urine, FLC showed a good correlation with renal function by the N-Latex method, but not by the Freelite method. Under the N-Latex method, FLC / remained stable, which was basically within the reference range of healthy people and was not affected by renal function. There was a good correlation between FLC detected by N-Latex and microglobulin in serum and urine.
CONCLUSION
When the concentration of FLC is low, the N-Latex method is more recommended to monitor FLC. The FLC measured by the N-Latex method is more closely related to renal function. The ratio of FLC / determined by the N-Latex method remained stable within the recommended range.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Immunoglobulin Light Chains; Paraproteinemias; Renal Insufficiency; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 35392256
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5536199 -
Journal of Nephrology Oct 2018Kidneys may fail post-partum in a number of circumstances due, for example, to post-partum haemorrhage, preeclampsia, amniotic fluid embolism or septic abortion. All... (Review)
Review
Kidneys may fail post-partum in a number of circumstances due, for example, to post-partum haemorrhage, preeclampsia, amniotic fluid embolism or septic abortion. All these conditions in pregnancy and post partum represent a threat not only to the endothelium but also to the renal tubular epithelium, and as such may lead to rapid and also irreversible impairment of the renal function. This paper is a non-systematic review of the literature and of our experience, in which we discuss the main open issues on kidney disease in pregnancy and following delivery, in particular as regards tubular damage, with the aim to help reasoning on acute kidney injury (AKI) following delivery. The review will emphasize the often under-estimated importance of the tubular epithelium in the peri-partum period and will: (1) describe the main characteristics of the renal tissues around delivery; (2) define pregnancy-related AKI according to recent Kidney Disease/Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) guidelines; (3) discuss the most common circumstances of post-partum AKI; and (4) describe the input expected from urinalysis, renal imaging and kidney biopsy.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Epithelial Cells; Female; Humans; Kidney Tubules; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Prognosis; Puerperal Disorders; Renal Insufficiency; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29637465
DOI: 10.1007/s40620-018-0488-0 -
Clinical Journal of the American... Apr 2022
Topics: Humans; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidneys, Artificial; Renal Insufficiency; Uremia
PubMed: 35246459
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.02050222 -
BMJ Case Reports Oct 2019
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Renal Insufficiency; Renal Replacement Therapy; Stomatitis; Tongue Diseases; Uremia
PubMed: 31628094
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231948 -
Circulation Research Jan 2015
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Microbiota; Renal Insufficiency; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 25634968
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.305680