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Analysis of sexual and reproductive health indicators of Brazilian adolescents, 2009, 2012 and 2015.Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia =... Nov 2018To analyze sexual and reproductive health indicators of adolescents based on data from the National School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) in 2015, comparing them to the...
OBJECTIVE
To analyze sexual and reproductive health indicators of adolescents based on data from the National School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) in 2015, comparing them to the data from 2009 and 2012.
METHODS
Cross-sectional study that has analyzed data from 9th grade students from PeNSE 2015, 2012 and 2009. We estimated prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for the following indicators: sexual initiation, condom use in the last sexual intercourse, counseling for pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections and free condoms in the three rounds of the survey. Prevalence of all indicators accessed in 2015 was estimated according to sex, type of school and region. Pearson's χ2 test was used.
RESULTS
The prevalence of sexual initiation reported by adolescents has decreased from 30.5%, in 2009, to 27.5%, in 2015, as well as the use of condom in the last intercourse, from 75.9 to 66.2%, respectively. In respect to counseling, there was a reduction regarding pregnancy prevention in public schools, from 81.1 to 79.3% and in relation to free condom in private schools, from 65.4 to 57.3%. About 30% reported using both condom and another contraceptive method, and 19.5% did not use any method. Boys presented greater prevalence of sexual initiation, higher number of partners and reduced prevalence of condom use. Adolescents living in North, Northeast and Central-West regions presented worse indicators.
CONCLUSION
There was a reduction in sexual initiation and condom use among Brazilian adolescents, boys were more vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections, and girls from public schools were more vulnerable to pregnancy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Brazil; Condoms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Reproductive Behavior; Schools; Sex Counseling; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Partners; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 30517464
DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720180013.supl.1 -
PloS One 2020This study aimed to assess the prevalence, sociodemographic factors, reproductive consequences, and heritable disease burdens associated with consanguineous marriage...
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to assess the prevalence, sociodemographic factors, reproductive consequences, and heritable disease burdens associated with consanguineous marriage (CM) in Bangladesh.
METHODS
A total of 7,312 families, including 3,694 CM-families, were recruited from 102 locales of 58 districts of Bangladesh. Using a standard questionnaire, we collected medical history and background sociodemographic data of these families. Family history was assessed by pedigree analysis. Fertility, mortality, secondary sex ratio, selection intensity, lethal equivalents were measured using standard methods.
RESULTS
The mean prevalence of CM in our studied population was 6.64%. Gross fertility was higher among CM families, as compared to the non-CM families (p < 0.05). The rate of under-5 child (U5) mortality was significantly higher among CM families (16.6%) in comparison with the non-CM families (5.8%) (p < 0.01). We observed a persuasive rise of abortion/miscarriage and U5 mortality rates with the increasing level of inbreeding. The value of lethal equivalents per gamete found elevated for autosomal inheritances as compared to sex-linked inheritance. CM was associated with the incidence of several single-gene and multifactorial diseases, and congenital malformations, including bronchial asthma, hearing defect, heart diseases, sickle cell anemia (p < 0.05). The general attitude and perception toward CM were rather indifferent, and very few people were concerned about its genetic burden.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the harmful consequences of CM on reproductive behavior and the incidence of hereditary conditions. It essences the need for genetic counseling from premarital to postnatal levels in Bangladesh.
Topics: Adult; Bangladesh; Child; Congenital Abnormalities; Consanguinity; Female; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Humans; Male; Mortality; Multifactorial Inheritance; Pedigree; Population; Reproductive Behavior; Selection, Genetic
PubMed: 33253173
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241610 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Sep 2019The impact of a chronic disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on sexual functioning and body image can significantly impair the quality of life of patients.... (Review)
Review
The impact of a chronic disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on sexual functioning and body image can significantly impair the quality of life of patients. This review considers the sexual and fertility aspects of IBD patients and their daily management. Modern IBD healthcare management should include appropriate communication on sexuality and consider psychological, physiological, and biological issues. Patients with IBD have less children than the general population, and voluntary childlessness is frequent. The most influential factors reported by IBD patients who experience fertility alteration are psychological and surgery-related problems. Pregnancy is a major concern for patients, and any pregnancy for IBD patients should be closely followed-up to keep the chronic disease in a quiescent state. Preconceptional consultation is of great help.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Female; Fertility; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Quality of Life; Reproductive Behavior; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Sexual Health; Symptom Flare Up
PubMed: 31576090
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i36.5423 -
Demography Dec 2020Persistently high levels of unintended fertility, combined with evidence that over- and underachieved fertility are typical and not exceptional, have prompted...
Persistently high levels of unintended fertility, combined with evidence that over- and underachieved fertility are typical and not exceptional, have prompted researchers to question the utility of fertility desires writ large. In this study, we elaborate this paradox: widespread unintendedness and meaningful, highly predictive fertility desires can and do coexist. Using data from Malawi, we demonstrate the predictive validity of numeric fertility timing desires over both four-month and one-year periods. We find that fertility timing desires are highly predictive of pregnancy and that they follow a gradient wherein the likelihood of pregnancy decreases in correspondence with desired time to next birth. This finding holds despite the simultaneous observation of high levels of unintended pregnancy in our sample. Discordance between desires and behaviors reflects constraints to achieving one's fertility and the fluidity of desires but not their irrelevance. Fertility desires remain an essential-if sometimes blunt-tool in the demographers' toolkit.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Birth Intervals; Educational Status; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Longitudinal Studies; Malawi; Marriage; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Unplanned; Reproductive Behavior; Young Adult
PubMed: 33001419
DOI: 10.1007/s13524-020-00921-4 -
Journal of Women's Health (2002) Aug 2021Intimate partner violence and differential power dynamics are associated with contraceptive behaviors. This study examines the role of reproductive coercion (RC) by an...
Intimate partner violence and differential power dynamics are associated with contraceptive behaviors. This study examines the role of reproductive coercion (RC) by an intimate partner in women's decisions about contraceptive use. A self-report survey was administered to a probability sample of a diverse group of women of reproductive age in Delaware's Title X health care facilities. Currently used contraceptive methods were categorized into three effectiveness levels based on typical use failure rates: no method or low effectiveness (>10% failure), moderate effectiveness (>1% and <10% failure), and high effectiveness (<1% failure). The short-form RC scale was used to categorize RC experiences: no RC, verbal only, or behavioral. We conducted multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between types of RC and effectiveness level of current contraceptive method, taking our sampling design into account and adjusting for covariates. Among 240 women (weighted = 6529) included in the sample, 13.9% reported experiencing only verbal RC, and 16.1% reported behavioral RC. Women who reported behavioral RC were more likely to currently be using highly versus moderately (adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR]: 26.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.59-156.0) and low effective methods (aRRR: 3.08, 95% CI: 0.97-9.82), but less likely to be using moderately (aRRR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02-0.77) than low effective methods. Using highly and low effective methods may indicate two opposing ways of managing behavioral RC experiences: controlling fertility by choosing less detectable but highly effective methods or feeling disempowered and using no or low effective partner-dependent methods.
Topics: Coercion; Contraception; Contraception Behavior; Contraceptive Agents; Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence
PubMed: 33404346
DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8784 -
Contraception Jul 2018To explore the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) behaviors, health insurance coverage and use of SRH services of women in the United States (U.S.) by nativity,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To explore the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) behaviors, health insurance coverage and use of SRH services of women in the United States (U.S.) by nativity, disaggregated by race and ethnicity.
STUDY DESIGN
We analyzed publicly available and restricted data from the National Survey of Family Growth to assess differences and similarities between foreign-born and U.S.-born women, both overall and within Hispanic, non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH black and NH Asian groups.
RESULTS
A larger proportion of foreign-born women than U.S.-born women lacked health insurance coverage. Foreign-born women utilized SRH services at lower rates than U.S.-born women; this effect diminished at the multivariate level, although race and ethnicity differences remained. Overall, foreign-born women were less likely to pay for SRH services with private insurance than U.S.-born women. Foreign-born women were less likely to use the most effective contraceptive methods than U.S.-born women, with some variation across race and ethnicity: NH white and NH black foreign-born women were less likely to use highly effective contraceptive methods than their U.S.-born counterparts, but among Hispanic women, the reverse was true.
CONCLUSION
Our findings demonstrate that the SRH behaviors, needs and outcomes of foreign-born women differ from those of U.S-born women within the same race/ethnic group.
IMPLICATIONS
This paper contributes to the emergent literature on immigrants in the U.S. by laying the foundation for further research on the SRH of the foreign-born population in the country, which is critical for developing public health policies and programs to understand better and serve this growing and diverse population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Contraception; Contraception Behavior; Emigrants and Immigrants; Female; Humans; Insurance Coverage; Reproductive Behavior; Reproductive Health Services; Sexual Behavior; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 29453946
DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2018.02.003 -
PloS One 2021To compare adolescents' reports of sexual and contraceptive behaviors between the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS).
Comparability of estimates and trends in adolescent sexual and contraceptive behaviors from two national surveys: National Survey of Family Growth and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey.
OBJECTIVE
To compare adolescents' reports of sexual and contraceptive behaviors between the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS).
METHODS
For each survey, we estimated the year- and sex-specific prevalence of sexual and contraceptive behaviors among a comparably defined sample of US respondents ages 15-19 currently attending high school. We used logistic regression to test for changes in prevalence from 2007-2019 and conducted sensitivity analyses to investigate between-survey differences.
RESULTS
We found differences in both prevalence and trends between the YRBS and NSFG when limited to a comparably defined sample. Compared to the NSFG, adolescents in the YRBS were more likely to report being sexually experienced, less likely to report use of prescription methods for both sexes, and less likely to report condoms among males. Only the YRBS estimated significant declines in sexual experience for both sexes, and significant increases in prescription methods and declines in condom use among males. Differences between surveys in the prevalence of specific contraceptive methods reflected greater combined use of methods in the NSFG. We identified differences in question-wording and other aspects that may influence these differential patterns.
CONCLUSIONS
The NSFG and YRBS produced inconsistent prevalence estimates and trends for sexual and contraceptive behaviors among in-school adolescents. Further efforts to improve these national surveillance systems are critical to inform policy and research efforts that support adolescent sexual and reproductive health and wellbeing.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Contraception Behavior; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Risk-Taking
PubMed: 34329323
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253262 -
Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters 2021There is scant information on the instructions provided by health workers to patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and the implications these instructions have for sexual...
There is scant information on the instructions provided by health workers to patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and the implications these instructions have for sexual and reproductive health and rights and tuberculosis control in Bangladesh. This paper aims to draw attention to tuberculosis control guidelines and information dissemination practices that may need to be adapted to the living situations of those with tuberculosis. Data collection took place in the Monohardi and Narsingdi Sadar sub-districts in Narsingdi and the Mirpur slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh, between December 2015 and March 2016. We present findings from an analysis of four significant documents, 45 in-depth interviews (of current and former tuberculosis patients, their family members, and health workers), and two focus group discussions with health workers. The findings show that the official guidelines and policies hardly address sexual health or rights. During the treatment period, patients received mixed and inconsistent instructions from health workers on sexual intercourse, contraception, pregnancy, and living arrangements. The messages were interpreted differently based on who delivered and received them, and different instructions were provided to women and men. The instructions were not specific to the living situations of patients and therefore led to implementation challenges. Future interventions should ensure correct and consistent messaging, and policies should be adapted to the sexual needs of those infected with the disease.
Topics: Bangladesh; Contraception; Female; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Reproductive Behavior; Sexual Behavior; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 34396920
DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2021.1959258 -
Archives of Sexual Behavior Nov 2021We examined the effects of culture and ethnicity on life history strategies in terms of sexual and reproductive behaviors. The sample included 500 adults, aged...
We examined the effects of culture and ethnicity on life history strategies in terms of sexual and reproductive behaviors. The sample included 500 adults, aged 25-50 years, from the five major ethnic groups in Suriname, i.e., the Maroons, Creoles, Hindustani, Javanese, and Mixed. First, there were strong gender differences: men reported to have had more sex partners and to have had their first sexual experience earlier than women, whereas women had their first child earlier and had more children than men. Second, in general, ethnicity affected life history substantially. The Maroons stood out by a relatively fast life history: they reported to have had more sexual partners, to have had their first sex and first child at an earlier age, and to have more children than all other groups. The Creoles were in general similar to the Maroons, whereas the Hindustani and the Javanese were characterized by a relatively slow life history: they reported to have had the lowest number of sexual partners, to have had their first sex and first child at the latest age, and to have had the lowest number of children. The differences between the ethnic groups were upheld when controlling for income, educational level, and father absence during childhood. A lower education was associated with reporting to have had one's first sex as well as one's first child at a younger age and children who grew up without a father reported to have had their first sex at a younger age.
Topics: Adult; Child; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Male; Reproductive Behavior; Sex Factors; Sexual Behavior; Suriname
PubMed: 34427844
DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02013-9 -
International Family Planning... Mar 2006Iran's culture and religion prohibit sexual contact prior to marriage. Due to the sensitivity of the topic, little is known about the sexual activity of unmarried...
CONTEXT
Iran's culture and religion prohibit sexual contact prior to marriage. Due to the sensitivity of the topic, little is known about the sexual activity of unmarried adolescent males or about their knowledge of, and attitudes toward, sexuality and reproductive health.
METHODS
A population-based study of 1,385 males aged 15-18 in Tehran was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Participants were questioned about their beliefs and knowledge regarding reproductive health, and asked whether they had engaged in sexual activity. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with sexual knowledge, attitudes and behavior.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight percent of the sample reported having engaged in sexual activity. Sexual experience was associated with older age, access to satellite television, alcohol consumption and permissive attitudes toward sex. Substantial proportions of respondents held misconceptions regarding condoms, STIs and reproductive physiology. Attitudes toward premarital sex were more permissive among respondents who were older, were not in school, had work experience, had access to the Internet or satellite television, lived separately from their parents, or reported having used alcohol, cigarettes or drugs.
CONCLUSION
The relatively high prevalence of sexual activity and the lack of knowledge regarding STIs and contraceptives pose a significant threat to the sexual and reproductive health of adolescent males in Iran. Programs are needed to provide adolescents with the information and skills to make safe sexual decisions.
Topics: Adolescent; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Iran; Male; Reproductive Behavior; Sexual Behavior; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 16723300
DOI: 10.1363/3203506