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Contraception Dec 2019This study aims to identify factors associated with the reproductive planning of trans-masculine adults.
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to identify factors associated with the reproductive planning of trans-masculine adults.
STUDY DESIGN
Between 2015 and 2016, providers enrolled 150 trans-masculine adults in a sexual health study assessing sociodemographics, social support, gender affirmation, sexual partnering, and reproductive history and planning. A brief clinical interview assessed contraceptive use and concerns. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses examined associations between participant characteristics and three outcomes: current contraceptive use, lifetime pregnancy history and reproductive planning.
RESULTS
Overall, 37.3% are currently using contraceptives; 5.3% have been pregnant; and 20.0% plan to have biological children (9.3% plan to become pregnant; 12.0% plan to use their oocytes with a surrogate). Participants are less likely to use contraceptives if they are students vs. not, have socially affirmed their gender vs. not and have a partner vs. are single. Greater number of sexual partners is associated with the increased odds of contraceptive use. Further, as social support increases, the odds of having been pregnant decreases. Participants with a nonbinary gender identity are more likely to want to become pregnant than those with a binary gender identity, whereas those who have socially affirmed their gender are less likely to want to become pregnant than those who had not. Finally, participants of color more commonly planned to use their oocytes with a surrogate than white participants.
CONCLUSION
Sociodemographic, gender affirmation, social support and sexual partner factors are associated with contraceptive use and reproductive history among trans-masculine patients.
IMPLICATIONS
Healthcare providers must be aware of the diverse reproductive histories and pregnancy goals of trans-masculine individuals in order to provide comprehensive reproductive healthcare counseling and provision. More research is needed to better understand contraception and reproduction desires in trans-masculine individuals.
Topics: Adult; Contraception Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Qualitative Research; Reproductive History; Surveys and Questionnaires; Transgender Persons; Young Adult
PubMed: 31400297
DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2019.07.146 -
Aging Sep 2018Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences that protect against chromosomal shortening. They are replenished by telomerase, an enzyme that may be activated by...
Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences that protect against chromosomal shortening. They are replenished by telomerase, an enzyme that may be activated by estrogen. Women have longer telomeres than men; this difference might be due to estrogen exposure. We hypothesized that reproductive histories reflecting greater estrogen exposure will be associated with longer blood cell telomeres. Among women in the Sister Study (n= 1,048), we examined telomere length in relation to self-reported data on reproductive history. The difference between age at menarche and last menstrual period was used to approximate the reproductive period. Relative telomere length (rTL) was measured using qPCR. After adjustment, rTL decreased with longer reproductive period (β= -0.019, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.00, p= 0.03). Premenopausal women had shorter rTL than postmenopausal women (β= -0.051, 95% CI: -0.12, 0.01, p= 0.13). Longer breastfeeding duration was associated with longer rTL (β= 0.027, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.05, p=0.01); increasing parity was associated with shorter rTL (β = -0.016, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.00, p=0.07). Duration of exogenous hormone use was not associated with rTL. Reproductive histories reflecting greater endogenous estrogen exposure were associated with shorter rTL. Our findings suggest that longer telomeres in women are unlikely to be explained by greater estrogen exposure.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reproductive History; Sex Characteristics; Telomere
PubMed: 30243019
DOI: 10.18632/aging.101558 -
BMC Oral Health Nov 2022Hormonal changes in women throughout life might affect the oral health. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the Decayed, Missing, and Filled...
BACKGROUND
Hormonal changes in women throughout life might affect the oral health. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and reproductive history.
METHODS
The present cross-sectional study was performed using data of Azar Cohort Study conducted in 2014, in Shabestar city, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. In the present study, the data of all 8294 women from the enrollment phase of the Azar cohort were included. All available data related on the variables of reproductive history (including age at the onset of menstruation, age of onset of menopause, age of first pregnancy, and frequency of pregnancy), age at interview, educational level, socioeconomic status, frequency of tooth brushing, chronic diseases, body mass index and DMFT were extracted. Negative binomial regression with loglink was used to analyze the relationship between variables. Three regression models have been applied to adjust the effect of confounding variables. Model 1 adjusted for education, socio-economic status, age, chronic diseases, body mass index and frequency of tooth brushing. Model 2 adjusted for education, socioeconomic status, age, chronic diseases and body mass index. Model 3 adjusted for education, socio-economic status and age.
RESULTS
The mean DMFT of 8294 women was 20.99 ± 8.95. In model 1, there was no significant relationship between DMFT and frequency of pregnancy. However, model 2 and 3 showed that in women who had four or more pregnancies, the DMFT rate was significantly higher than those who did not have a history of pregnancy (P = 0.02, P = 0.04). Age at the onset of menopause, age at the onset of menstruation and age of first pregnancy had no significant relationship with DMFT in the models. Brushing less than once a day and increasing age at interview had significant relationship with DMFT in the models (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Despite hormonal changes through the life, the history of reproductive showed no significant relationship with women's DMFT. Oral health education for women is an important step in promoting oral health and it is necessary to pay special attention to preventive programs in oral health policy for women specially with increasing the age.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cohort Studies; Reproductive History; Dental Caries; Oral Health
PubMed: 36403001
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02578-4 -
Maturitas Mar 2018To examine the relationship between reproductive history, pregnancy complications, and later physical function.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the relationship between reproductive history, pregnancy complications, and later physical function.
STUDY DESIGN
The Bogalusa Heart Study is a long-running study of cardiovascular health in a semirural community. 761 women were interviewed about their pregnancy history and complications, and underwent tests of physical function. Logistic models for dichotomous outcomes and linear models for continuous outcomes were used, adjusted for covariates.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Overall scores on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), which combines scores for balance, gait speed, and chair stands. Additional tests were a 6-min walk, knee extension strength, grip strength, and a pegboard challenge.
RESULTS
Nulliparity was associated with lower scores on the walking and balance portions of the SPPB, less distance covered in the 6-min walk, less knee and grip strength, and higher pegboard time, especially among pre-menopausal women. A history of gestational diabetes was associated with more problems on the walk portion of the SPPB (aOR 2.44, 1.06-5.65), higher chair stand time, and lower knee strength. Young age at first birth (<16 or 18 years) was associated with a shorter chair stand time and a better pegboard score.
CONCLUSIONS
Nulliparity was associated with worse physical functioning, while high parity and early pregnancy were not, suggesting that fertility is associated with better health later in life. Pregnancy complications were associated with worse physical functioning, even after controlling for body mass index. Future studies should attempt to establish the pathways by which reproductive health relates to overall physical functioning.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Physical Fitness; Postural Balance; Pregnancy; Reproductive History; Walking
PubMed: 29452778
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.12.006 -
BMC Public Health Sep 2020A number of studies have investigated the association between reproductive factors and lung cancer risk, however findings are inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
A number of studies have investigated the association between reproductive factors and lung cancer risk, however findings are inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between female reproductive factors and lung cancer risk.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive systematic search to identify relevant and eligible studies published before 18th December 2019. Inter-study heterogeneity was assessed using the Q test and I statistic. Based on the heterogeneity of each reproductive factor, fixed or random effects models were used to calculate the summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses by study design, lung cancer subtypes, smoking status, and ethnicity were also performed.
RESULTS
A total of 66 studies with 20 distinct reproductive factors were included in this meta-analysis. Comparing the highest and lowest categories (reference) of each reproductive factor, parity (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.72-0.96), menstrual cycle length (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65-0.96), and age at first birth (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.74-0.98), were significantly associated with a lower risk of overall lung cancer. On the contrary, non-natural menopause was significantly associated with higher lung cancer risk (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.25-1.86). Among never-smokers, a significant negative association was found between parity and lung cancer risk. Both parity and non-natural menopause were statistically significant in case-control studies.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that certain reproductive factors may be associated with lung cancer risk. Future studies should further validate the associations, and investigate the underlying mechanisms.
Topics: Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Odds Ratio; Parity; Pregnancy; Reproductive History; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32977782
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09530-7 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022Few studies have examined the association between reproductive history and the multidimensional health of older adults with more diverse reproductive histories and...
The association between reproductive history and the multidimensional health of older adults in rural China and its gender differences: Evidence from the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey.
BACKGROUND
Few studies have examined the association between reproductive history and the multidimensional health of older adults with more diverse reproductive histories and poorer health status in rural China. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of parity, sex ratio of children and late childbearing on multidimensional health and its gender differences.
METHODS
The analytical sample consisted of 3,377 older adults in rural China who participated in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2018. Linear regression models were applied to estimate the relationship between reproductive history and multidimensional health, with separate models for each indicator of health outcomes.
RESULTS
Older adults in rural areas with greater parity were more likely to have better cognitive function (β = 0.409, 95% CI: 0.255-0.563), fewer Activities of Daily Living (ADL) limitations (β = -0.085, 95% CI: -0.137 to -0.034) and symptoms of depression (β = -0.396, 95% CI: -0.577 to -0.216). The social mechanism of intergenerational support from children later in life partly explained the positive effect of parity. Late childbearing had negative effects on cognitive function (β = -1.220, 95% CI: -1.895 to -0.545), ADL (β = 0.253, 95% CI: 0.028-0.478) and symptoms of depression (β = 1.025, 95% CI: 0.237-1.812). Women were more likely to be influenced by the positive effect of parity; the association between late childbearing and health was only significant in the male group.
CONCLUSIONS
Parity and late childbearing are associated with cognitive function, activities of daily living, and symptoms of depression in the older adults in rural China. Older adults with more children might be in better health, and this finding is especially significant in women. However, late childbearing had a negative effect on multidimensional health, especially for men. The social mechanism and gender differences between reproductive history and health need to be further explored.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Child; China; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Reproductive History; Sex Factors
PubMed: 35968445
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.952671 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Apr 2016A growing body of evidence suggests that reproductive history influences post-reproductive mortality. A potential explanation for this association is confounding by... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A growing body of evidence suggests that reproductive history influences post-reproductive mortality. A potential explanation for this association is confounding by socioeconomic status in the family of origin, as socioeconomic status is related to both fertility behaviours and to long-term health. We examine the relationship between age at first birth, completed parity, and post-reproductive mortality and address the potential confounding role of family of origin. We use Swedish population register data for men and women born 1932-1960, and examine both all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The contributions of our study are the use of a sibling comparison design that minimizes residual confounding from shared family background characteristics and assessment of cause-specific mortality that can shed light on the mechanisms linking reproductive history to mortality. Our results were entirely consistent with previous research on this topic, with teenage first time parents having higher mortality, and the relationship between parity and mortality following a U-shaped pattern where childless men and women and those with five or more children had the highest mortality. These results indicate that selection into specific fertility behaviours based upon socioeconomic status and experiences within the family of origin does not explain the relationship between reproductive history and post-reproductive mortality. Additional analyses where we adjust for other lifecourse factors such as educational attainment, attained socioeconomic status, and post-reproductive marital history do not change the results. Our results add an important new level of robustness to the findings on reproductive history and mortality by showing that the association is robust to confounding by factors shared by siblings. However it is still uncertain whether reproductive history causally influences health, or whether other confounding factors such as childhood health or risk-taking propensity could explain the association.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Maternal Age; Middle Aged; Mortality; Parity; Pregnancy; Registries; Reproductive History; Siblings; Sweden
PubMed: 26994961
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.02.043 -
Neuroepidemiology 2021Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurological disease of largely unknown etiology with no cure. The National ALS Registry is a voluntary online system that...
BACKGROUND
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurological disease of largely unknown etiology with no cure. The National ALS Registry is a voluntary online system that collects demographic and reproductive history (females only) data from patients with ALS. We will examine the association between demographic and reproductive history among female patients aged >18 years and various ages of onset for ALS.
METHODS
Data from a cross-sectional study were collected and examined for 1,018 female ALS patients. Patient characteristics examined were demographics including race, BMI, and familial history of ALS. Among patients, information on reproductive history, including age at menopause, ever pregnant, and age at first pregnancy was collected. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate OR and 95% CI in this study.
RESULTS
Women were more likely to be diagnosed with ALS before age 60 if they were nonwhite (p = 0.015), had attended college (p = 0.0012), had a normal BMI at age 40 (p < 0.0001), completed menopause before age 50 (p < 0.0001), and had never been pregnant (p = 0.046) in the univariate analysis. Women diagnosed with ALS before age 60 were also more likely to have limb site of onset (p < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, those who completed menopause before age 50 were more likely to be diagnosed with ALS before age 60 (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.4-2.3) compared with women who completed menopause at or after age 50, after controlling for race, ever pregnant, age at first pregnancy, family history of ALS, education status, smoking history, and BMI at age 40. For women who were diagnosed with ALS before age 50, the odds of them entering menopause before age 50 climb to 48.7 (95% CI: 11.8, 200.9). The mean age of ALS diagnosis for women who completed menopause before age 50 was 58 years and 64 years for women who entered menopause after age 50 (p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
Women who reported completing menopause before age 50 were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with ALS before age 60 compared with those who reported entering menopause after age 50. More research is needed to determine the relationship between female reproductive history, especially regarding endogenous estrogen exposure and early-onset ALS.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Registries; Reproductive History; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34218222
DOI: 10.1159/000516344 -
Journal of the American Heart... Mar 2024
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Risk Factors; Reproductive History; Heart; Heart Disease Risk Factors
PubMed: 38410965
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.123.032973 -
European Journal of Preventive... Nov 2016
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Pregnancy Outcome; Reproductive History; Risk Factors
PubMed: 27507809
DOI: 10.1177/2047487316664148