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The Journal of Clinical Investigation Jul 2006Scientists are usually thought to be beyond reproach, but with the recent spate of high-profile ethical transgressions by scientists, the public's trust in science and...
Scientists are usually thought to be beyond reproach, but with the recent spate of high-profile ethical transgressions by scientists, the public's trust in science and scientists is deteriorating. The numerous cases of scientific misconduct that have crossed my desk in the last year leave me disenchanted, disappointed, and disillusioned.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Ethics, Research; Humans; Journalism, Medical; Research Personnel; Scientific Misconduct
PubMed: 16823470
DOI: 10.1172/JCI28824 -
Current Biology : CB Feb 2021Parachute science is the practice whereby international scientists, typically from higher-income countries, conduct field studies in another country, typically of lower...
Parachute science is the practice whereby international scientists, typically from higher-income countries, conduct field studies in another country, typically of lower income, and then complete the research in their home country without any further effective communication and engagement with others from that nation. It creates dependency on external expertise, does not address local research needs, and hinders local research efforts. As global hotspots of marine biodiversity, lower-income nations in the tropics have for too long been the subject of inequitable and unfair research practices. However, to date there has been little quantifiable evidence of this phenomenon in marine science. Here, we provide evidence through systematic literature searches and queries that parachute science practices are still widespread in marine research and make some recommendations to help change the current status quo. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Topics: Biodiversity; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Income; Marine Biology; Research; Research Personnel
PubMed: 33621503
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.029 -
The FEBS Journal Nov 2016This new series in The FEBS Journal aims to provide insight and advice to graduate students and postdocs on topics relevant to their research and careers.
This new series in The FEBS Journal aims to provide insight and advice to graduate students and postdocs on topics relevant to their research and careers.
Topics: Career Choice; Career Mobility; Education, Graduate; Humans; Professional Competence; Publications; Research; Research Personnel; Science
PubMed: 27870271
DOI: 10.1111/febs.13920 -
Ethnicity & Disease 2018During August 30-31, 2017, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science (CTRIS) hosted a two-day workshop...
During August 30-31, 2017, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science (CTRIS) hosted a two-day workshop with thought leaders and experts in the fields of implementation science, prevention science, health inequities research, and training and research workforce development. The workshop addressed critical challenges and compelling questions from the NHLBI Strategic Vision, as well as the Department of Health and Human Services' Action Plan to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. Participants discussed: best practices for designing and executing implementation research training programs; approaches to increase participation in implementation research to address health inequities; innovative training methods and models, including team science approaches; and best practices for developing and sustaining a cadre of mentors for individuals who conduct implementation research. As part of this workshop, the Saunders-Watkins Memorial Lecture, named posthumously for Dr. Elijah Saunders, a Baltimore cardiologist, and Dr. Levi Watkins, a Baltimore cardiothoracic surgeon, was established. Both men dedicated their lives to patient care, teaching, research, and community service. The lecture honors them for their pioneering efforts to advance health equity for medically underserved communities in the United States and around the globe, at a time when it was neither popular nor safe to do so. The lecture is also designed to stimulate a future generation of researchers committed to advancing health equity research and the elimination of health iniquities. The inaugural lecture was delivered by Lisa A. Cooper, MD, MPH, Bloomberg Distinguished Professor and James F. Fries Professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University, and inaugural recipient of the American Heart Association's Watkins-Saunders Award, which recognizes excellence in clinical, medical, and community work focused on diminishing health care disparities in Maryland. This article captures the essence of that lecture.
Topics: Congresses as Topic; Ethnicity; Health Equity; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Mentoring; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.); Quality Improvement; Research Personnel; United States
PubMed: 30405304
DOI: 10.18865/ed.28.4.579 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood.... Aug 2019Patient and public involvement (PPI) is important both in research and in quality improvement activities related to healthcare services . While PPI activities do not...
Patient and public involvement (PPI) is important both in research and in quality improvement activities related to healthcare services . While PPI activities do not require formal ethical approval, they can raise a number of ethical concerns, through the introduction of complex technical medical concepts, challenging language or sensitive subject areas. There is very little published literature to guide ethical practice in this area. We have been conducting PPI with children and young people throughout a research study in paediatric palliative care. PPI started during the application process and continued to guide and shape the research as it progressed. Ethical issues can arise at any time in PPI work. Although many can be predicted and planned for, the nature of PPI means that researchers can be presented with ideas and concepts they had not previously considered, requiring reflexivity and a reactive approach. This paper describes how we considered and addressed the potential ethical issues of PPI within our research. The approach that emerged provides a framework that can be adapted to a range of contexts and will be of immediate relevance to researchers and clinicians who are conducting PPI to inform their work.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Guidelines as Topic; Health Services Research; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Participation; Research Design; Research Personnel; United Kingdom
PubMed: 29440127
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-313480 -
Health Research Policy and Systems Feb 2020Integrated knowledge translation refers to researcher and research user partnerships to co-generate and implement knowledge. This type of partnership may be critical to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Integrated knowledge translation refers to researcher and research user partnerships to co-generate and implement knowledge. This type of partnership may be critical to success in increasing knowledge use and impact, but the conceptualisation of its initiation has not been fully developed. Initiating this type of partnership has proven to be challenging but crucial to its success. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-narrative review of partnership initiation concepts, processes, enablers, barriers and outcomes in the disciplines of healthcare and social sciences where examples of researcher and research user partnerships were found.
METHODS
Seven research traditions were identified. Three were in the discipline of social sciences (including psychology, education and business) and five were in the discipline of healthcare (including medicine, nursing, public health, health services research). Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ABI Inform, ERIC, PsychInfo and the Cochrane Library on June 9, 2017. Fifty titles and abstracts were screened in triplicate; data were extracted from three records in duplicate. Narratives comprised of study characteristics and conceptual and empirical findings across traditions were tabulated, summarised and compared.
RESULTS
A total of 7779 unique results were identified and 17 reviews published from 1998 to 2017 were eligible. All reviews identified a partnership initiation phase referred to as 'early' or 'developmental', or more vaguely as 'fuzzy', across six traditions - integrated knowledge translation, action research, stakeholder engagement, knowledge transfer, team initiation and shared mental models. The partnership initiation processes, enablers, barriers and outcomes were common to multiple narratives and summarised in a Partnership Initiation Conceptual Framework. Our review revealed limited use or generation of theory in most included reviews, and little empirical evidence testing the links between partnership initiation processes, enablers or barriers, and outcomes for the purpose of describing successful researcher and research user partnership initiation.
CONCLUSIONS
Narratives across multiple research traditions revealed similar integrated knowledge translation initiation processes, enablers, barriers and outcomes, which were captured in a conceptual framework that can be employed by researchers and research users to study and launch partnerships. While partnership initiation was recognised, it remains vaguely conceptualised despite lengthy research in several fields of study. Ongoing research of partnership initiation is needed to identify or generate relevant theory, and to empirically establish outcomes and the determinants of those outcomes.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Community-Based Participatory Research; Diffusion of Innovation; Health Services Research; Humans; Narration; Research Personnel; Stakeholder Participation; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 32070367
DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-0536-9 -
FEMS Microbiology Letters Aug 2018Research information is useful only if it can be shared-with other researchers, with research organizations (institutions, laboratories, funders and others), and with... (Review)
Review
Research information is useful only if it can be shared-with other researchers, with research organizations (institutions, laboratories, funders and others), and with the wider community. In our digital age, that means sharing information between data systems. Persistent identifiers (PIDs) provide unique keys for people, places and things, which enables accurate mapping of information between these systems and supports the research process by facilitating search, discovery, recognition and collaboration. This article reviews the main PIDs used in research-digital object identifiers for publications, ORCID iDs for researchers, and a proposed new identifier for research organizations-as well as demonstrating how they are being used, and how, in combination, they can increase trust in research and the research infrastructure.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Financing, Organized; Humans; Information Dissemination; Research; Research Personnel
PubMed: 29931119
DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny143 -
European Urology Nov 2017The importance of evidence from randomised trials is now widely recognised, although recruitment is often difficult. Qualitative research has shown promise in... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
The importance of evidence from randomised trials is now widely recognised, although recruitment is often difficult. Qualitative research has shown promise in identifying the key barriers to recruitment, and interventions have been developed to reduce organisational difficulties and support clinicians undertaking recruitment.
OBJECTIVE
This article provides an introduction to qualitative research techniques and explains how this approach can be used to understand-and subsequently improve-recruitment and informed consent within a range of clinical trials.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
A literature search was performed using Medline, Embase, and CINAHL. All studies with qualitative research methods that focused on the recruitment activity of clinicians were included in the review.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
The majority of studies reported that organisational difficulties and lack of time for clinical staff were key barriers to recruitment. However, a synthesis of qualitative studies highlighted the intellectual and emotional challenges that arise when combining research with clinical roles, particularly in relation to equipoise and patient eligibility. To support recruiters to become more comfortable with the design and principles of randomised controlled trials, interventions have been developed, including the QuinteT Recruitment Intervention, which comprises in-depth investigation of recruitment obstacles in real time, followed by implementation of tailored strategies to address these challenges as the trial proceeds.
CONCLUSIONS
Qualitative research can provide important insights into the complexities of recruitment to trials and inform the development of interventions, and provide support and training initiatives as required. Investigators should consider implementing such methods in trials expected to be challenging or recruiting below target.
PATIENT SUMMARY
Qualitative research is a term used to describe a range of methods that can be implemented to understand participants' perspectives and behaviours. Data are gathered from interviews, focus groups, or observations. In this review, we demonstrate how this approach can be used to understand-and improve-recruitment to clinical trials. Taken together, our review suggests that healthcare professionals can find recruiting to trials challenging and require support with this process.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Emotions; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Patient Selection; Qualitative Research; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Research Personnel; Sample Size; Workflow; Workload
PubMed: 28578829
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.04.036 -
Developmental Biology Mar 2020
Topics: Career Choice; Career Mobility; Humans; Medical Laboratory Personnel; Motivation; Publishing; Research Personnel
PubMed: 32098659
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.01.004 -
The Ulster Medical Journal Jan 2019
Topics: Career Choice; Fellowships and Scholarships; Research Personnel; United Kingdom
PubMed: 30675082
DOI: No ID Found