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Revista Paulista de Pediatria : Orgao... Dec 2016To assess the effects of obesity on lung volume and capacity in children and adolescents. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effects of obesity on lung volume and capacity in children and adolescents.
DATA SOURCE
This is a systematic review, carried out in Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo and PEDro databases, using the following Keywords: Plethysmography; Whole Body OR Lung Volume Measurements OR Total Lung Capacity OR Functional Residual Capacity OR Residual Volume AND Obesity. Observational studies or clinical trials that assessed the effects of obesity on lung volume and capacity in children and adolescents (0-18 years) without any other associated disease; in English; Portuguese and Spanish languages were selected. Methodological quality was assessed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Of the 1,030 articles, only four were included in the review. The studies amounted to 548 participants, predominantly males, with sample size ranging from 45 to 327 individuals. 100% of the studies evaluated nutritional status through BMI (z-score) and 50.0% reported the data on abdominal circumference. All demonstrated that obesity causes negative effects on lung volume and capacity, causing a reduction mainly in functional residual capacity in 75.0% of the studies; in the expiratory reserve volume in 50.0% and in the residual volume in 25.0%. The methodological quality ranged from moderate to high, with 75.0% of the studies classified as having high methodological quality.
CONCLUSIONS
Obesity causes deleterious effects on lung volume and capacity in children and adolescents, mainly by reducing functional residual capacity, expiratory reserve volume and residual volume.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Lung; Lung Volume Measurements; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 27130483
DOI: 10.1016/j.rpped.2016.02.008 -
Respiratory Medicine Mar 1995
Comparative Study
Topics: Aerosols; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchodilator Agents; Humans; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Particle Size; Physical Phenomena; Physics; Pressure
PubMed: 7746906
DOI: 10.1016/0954-6111(95)90241-4 -
Ophthalmology. Retina Oct 2023To compare accuracy, precision, and residual volume of commonly used syringes for intravitreal injections (IVIs) and to assess the intraocular pressure (IOP) rise by...
PURPOSE
To compare accuracy, precision, and residual volume of commonly used syringes for intravitreal injections (IVIs) and to assess the intraocular pressure (IOP) rise by variations in volumes delivered.
DESIGN
Experimental laboratory study.
SUBJECTS
No subjects were involved in this study.
METHODS
We tested 8 syringe models with 2 different needle setups, with 2 different solutions (distilled water or glycerin) and target volumes (50 and 70 μL). To obtain the delivered and residual volumes, we weighed the syringe-needle setups with scale before liquid withdrawal, with liquid, and after liquid release. We also created an experimental eye model to determine the transient rise in IOP following stepwise 10-μL increases in injection volumes.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Delivered and residual volumes, IOP rise.
RESULTS
We tested a total of 600 syringe-needle setups. Becton Dickinson (BD) Ultra-Fine (0.34 ± 0.28 μL), Zero Residual (1.53 ± 1.15 μL), and Zero Residual Silicone Oil-free (1.40 ± 1.16 μL) syringes showed the lowest residual volume (P < 0.001) in comparison with the others (range: 24.86 ± 1.78 μL for Injekt-F to 51.97 ± 3.37 μL for Omnifix-F). The most accurate setups were (percentage deviation from target volume): Zero Residual Silicone Oil-free (+ 0.70%), Zero Residual 0.3 ml (+ 4.49%), BD Ultra-Fine (+ 7.83%), Injekt-F (9.42%), Norm-Ject (+ 15.88%), Omnifix-F (+ 16.96%), BD Plastipak Brazil (+17.96%), and BD Plastipak Spain syringes (+ 19.41%). There was a statistically significant difference between the Zero Residual Silicone Oil-free syringe and all other syringes (P < 0.0001), except for the Zero Residual 0.3-ml syringe (P = 0.029). The coefficient of variation was low for all syringes. The modeled IOP rise ranged from 32.3 (standard deviation [SD], 1.4) mmHg for 20-μL injection volume to 76.5 (SD, 1.0) mmHg for 80-μL injection volume. For the standard 50-μL injection volume, the peak pressure was 50.7 (SD, 0.1) mmHg, and the pressure rise duration was 28 (SD, 2) minutes.
CONCLUSIONS
There were significant differences in accuracy and residual volume between syringes, whereas they showed a high precision. Volume excess results in a considerable increase in IOP rise after injection. These findings may provide a relevant overview to clinicians and to both device and drug manufacturers regarding pharmacoeconomic, safety, and efficacy issues.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S)
Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
Topics: Humans; Intravitreal Injections; Syringes; Residual Volume; Intraocular Pressure; Eye Diseases; Silicone Oils
PubMed: 37302655
DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2023.06.003 -
Urology Journal Aug 2019To investigate whether postvoiding residual bladder volume (PVR) and uroflowmetry parameters associate with bladder sensation in male patients with bladder outlet...
PURPOSE
To investigate whether postvoiding residual bladder volume (PVR) and uroflowmetry parameters associate with bladder sensation in male patients with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and to find out the reliable time of these examinations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty men with bladder outlet obstruction underwent transabdominal ultrasound in order to measure postvoiding residual volume and uroflowmetry. At the first day, PVR was measured while the patients had mild bladder sensation. Patients emptied their bladder during uroflowmetry. The next day, same patients underwent a second uroflowmetry and PVR measurement while the patients had severe bladder sensation. The first and next day PVR and uroflowmetry parameters were compared and their correlation with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were analysed.
RESULTS
The mean age of the subjects was 69.7 ± 8.6 years. PVR measured at the first day while patients had mild bladder sensation was significantly found lower than the next day PVR (mean ± SD: 80.79 ± 72.18 vs 158 ± 115.82, p<0.001) and correlated with LUTS (rs =0.38, p=0.012). In contrary, uroflowmetry parameters at severe sensation of bladder (mean ± SD: Qmax:13.53 ± 6.32; Qave:5.32 ± 2.31) showed correlation with LUTS (rs = -0.492, p= 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
PVR measurement at mild bladder sensation correlates with LUTS and should be performed in the evaluation of male patients with BOO. However, uroflowmetry is advised to be performed when the patient has severe bladder sensation.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sensation; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction; Urination; Urodynamics
PubMed: 30882173
DOI: 10.22037/uj.v0i0.4368 -
Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 2021Bowel preparation with mannitol is a well-established method in Brazil. However, factors that interfere with the gastric emptying time period are yet to be known.... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Bowel preparation with mannitol is a well-established method in Brazil. However, factors that interfere with the gastric emptying time period are yet to be known. Knowing these factors may favor the examination scheduling logistics and the individualized orientation for each patient.
OBJECTIVE
Know the factors that can contribute to the gastric emptying time after intestinal preparation with express mannitol.
METHODS
This is a prospective observational study to know factors that may contribute on the gastric emptying timing: predominant type of diet, comorbidities, medication usage, previous surgeries, number of evacuation per week, bearer of bowel obstipation, fecal type, diet type, number of evacuations after the home usage of bisacodyl before the ingestion of mannitol and number of evacuations after the ingestion of mannitol until reaching a proper bowel preparation. Before starting the colonoscopy exam, an upper digestive endoscopy exam was made to aspirate the gastric content.
RESULTS
Sample was composed of 103 patients, 55 (53.4%) women, medium age 61 (±12.1) years, medium weight 75.3 (±14.1) kg, medium height 1.7 (±10) m and medium BMI of 26.6 (±3.9) kg/m2. Average gastric residual volume was 120.9 (0-900) mL. Gastric residual volume (GRV) below 100 mL (GRV ≤100 mL) occurred in 45 (43.6%) patients, 24 (53.3%) women, medium age of 61.0 years and medium BMI of 26.7 kg/m2. Gastric residual volume above 100 mL (GRV >100 mL) occurred on 58 (56.3%) patients, 29 (50%) women, medium age of 61.0 years and medium BMI of 26.2 kg/m2. Comparing both groups, average fasting time period after the ingestion of mannitol was significantly higher on the group with GRV ≤100 mL than group with GRV >100 mL, 123.1 (60-246) vs 95.3 (55-195) minutes, respectively. There was also statistical significance concerning the usage of ezetimibe 6 (13.7%) in the group with GRV ≤100 mL and statistical significance in the group with GRV >100 mL concerning the usage of paroxetine 3 (6.7%) and tadalafil 3 (6.7%) and surgical history of prostatectomy 3 (6.7%) and bridle withdrawal 3 (6.7%).
CONCLUSION
We may conclude in this study that the usage of ezetimibe and fasting above 2 hours after the ingestion of mannitol decrease significantly the incidence of a GRV >100 mL. The usage of paroxetine, tadalafil and surgical history of prostatectomy or bridle withdrawal may contribute to increase de incidence of a GRV >100 mL.
Topics: Female; Gastric Emptying; Gastrointestinal Contents; Humans; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Residual Volume; Stomach
PubMed: 34378651
DOI: 10.1590/S0004-2803.202100000-31 -
Respiratory Care Jan 2017For delivery of inhaled aerosols, vibrating mesh systems are more efficient than jet nebulizers are and do not require added gas flow. We assessed the reliability of a... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
For delivery of inhaled aerosols, vibrating mesh systems are more efficient than jet nebulizers are and do not require added gas flow. We assessed the reliability of a vibrating mesh nebulizer (Aerogen Solo, Aerogen Ltd, Galway Ireland) suitable for use in mechanical ventilation.
METHODS
An initial observational study was performed with 6 nebulizers to determine run time and efficiency using normal saline and distilled water. Nebulizers were run until cessation of aerosol production was noted, with residual volume and run time recorded. Three controllers were used to assess the impact of the controller on nebulizer function. Following the observational study, a more detailed experimental protocol was performed using 20 nebulizers. For this analysis, 2 controllers were used, and time to cessation of aerosol production was noted. Gravimetric techniques were used to measure residual volume. Total nebulization time and residual volume were recorded. Failure was defined as premature cessation of aerosol production represented by residual volume of > 10% of the nebulizer charge.
RESULTS
In the initial observational protocol, an unexpected sporadic failure rate was noted of 25% in 55 experimental runs. In the experimental protocol, a failure rate was noted of 30% in 40 experimental runs. Failed runs in the experimental protocol exhibited a wide range of retained volume averaging ± SD 36 ± 21.3% compared with 3.2 ± 1.5% (P = .001) in successful runs. Small but significant differences existed in nebulization time between controllers.
CONCLUSIONS
Aerogen Solo nebulization was often randomly interrupted with a wide range of retained volumes.
Topics: Aerosols; Equipment Failure; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Respiration, Artificial; Sodium Chloride; Time Factors; Vibration; Water
PubMed: 28003554
DOI: 10.4187/respcare.04702 -
Tanaffos Apr 2021Gastric residual volume (GRV) is considered an important parameter for gastric emptying and nutrition tolerance. This volume is measured before any nutrition and has a...
Measurement of Gastric Residual Volume via Ultrasound after Receiving Intravenous Ondansetron, Metoclopramide, and Neostigmine in Critically Ill Patients: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial.
BACKGROUND
Gastric residual volume (GRV) is considered an important parameter for gastric emptying and nutrition tolerance. This volume is measured before any nutrition and has a direct effect on the volume and timing of the next nutrition. The present study aimed to examine the GRV via ultrasound after receiving intravenous ondansetron, metoclopramide, and neostigmine.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In the present study, 40 patients were included in the study, 10 patients were excluded from the study due to death during treatment, and 30 patients were divided into three groups of 10(10 patients in each group).The first, second, and third groups received 2.5, 10, and 8 mg neostigmine, metoclopramide, and ondansetron every 8 h, respectively. The drugs were infused as a micro set in 100 ml normal saline into patients within 30 min. The patients underwent ultrasound imaging and GRV measurement by an intensive care unit (ICU) subspecialty fellow, who was not aware of the drugs received by the patients, in the 1 h of hospitalization, 6 h after drug injection, and once daily for 4 days.
RESULTS
A total of 40 patients entered the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The effect of neostigmine on reducing GRV (Gastric residual volume) in ICU patients was better than those of the other two drugs, which was significant.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study showed that neostigmine has a better and significant effect on reducing GRV in ICU patients, compared to those of ondansetron and metoclopramide.
PubMed: 36267931
DOI: No ID Found -
Respiratory Care Nov 2016Reversibility of obstructive lung disease is traditionally defined by changes in FEV or FVC in response to bronchodilators. These may not fully reflect changes due to a...
BACKGROUND
Reversibility of obstructive lung disease is traditionally defined by changes in FEV or FVC in response to bronchodilators. These may not fully reflect changes due to a reduction in hyperinflation or air-trapping, which have important clinical implications. To date, only a handful of studies have examined bronchodilators' effect on lung volumes. The authors sought to better characterize the response of residual volume and total lung capacity to bronchodilators.
METHODS
Responsiveness of residual volume and total lung capacity to bronchodilators was assessed with a retrospective analysis of pulmonary function tests of 965 subjects with obstructive lung disease as defined by the lower limit of normal based on National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey III prediction equations.
RESULTS
A statistically significant number of subjects demonstrated response to bronchodilators in their residual volume independent of response defined by FEV or FVC, the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria. Reduced residual volume weakly correlated with response to FEV and to FVC. No statistically significant correlation was found between total lung capacity and either FEV or FVC.
CONCLUSIONS
A significant number of subjects classified as being nonresponsive based on spirometry have reversible residual volumes. Subjects whose residual volumes improve in response to bronchodilators represent an important subgroup of those with obstructive lung disease. The identification of this subgroup better characterizes the heterogeneity of obstructive lung disease. The clinical importance of these findings is unclear but warrants further study.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Aged; Albuterol; Bronchodilator Agents; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Middle Aged; Residual Volume; Respiratory Function Tests; Retrospective Studies; Total Lung Capacity; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27555617
DOI: 10.4187/respcare.04323 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jan 2022Naloxegol antagonizes peripheral opioid-related side effects without preventing opioid-related analgesia. However, the effect of naloxegol on opioid-induced bladder...
BACKGROUND
Naloxegol antagonizes peripheral opioid-related side effects without preventing opioid-related analgesia. However, the effect of naloxegol on opioid-induced bladder dysfunction remains unknown.
HYPOTHESIS
patients given naloxegol have lower residual bladder urine volume than those given placebo.
METHODS
136 patients scheduled for elective hip and knee surgery were randomized to oral naloxegol or placebo given the morning of surgery, and on the first two postoperative mornings. Residual urine volume was measured ultrasonographically within 30 min after voiding once in the morning and once in the afternoon for two postoperative days. Opioid-related Symptom Distress Scale (ORSDS), the need for indwelling urinary catheterization, and quality of recovery (QoR) score were secondary outcomes.
RESULTS
67 were randomized to naloxegol and 64 to placebo. We did not identify a significant effect on urine residual volume, with an estimated ratio of geometric means of 0.9 (0.3, 2.6), = 0.84. There were no significant differences in ORSDS or QoR. There were 19 (29%) patients assigned to naloxegol who needed indwelling urination catheterization versus 7 (11%) patients in the placebo group, = 0.012.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results do not support use of naloxegol for postoperative urinary retention after hip and knee surgery.
PubMed: 35054148
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020454 -
Revista Da Escola de Enfermagem Da U S P Jun 2017Quantifying residual volume contained in vials of antibiotics used in pediatrics.
OBJECTIVE
Quantifying residual volume contained in vials of antibiotics used in pediatrics.
METHOD
This is an experiment involving samples from vials of antibiotics used in a pediatric hospital. Residual volume was identified by calculating the difference in weight measurement before and after the vials were washed. Evaluation of the residual volume difference in the vials was determined by the Wilcoxon non-parametric test for a sample and established at a significance level of 5%.
RESULTS
105 samples of antibiotics were selected. The correct use of the antibiotics oxacillin (88.57%) and ceftriaxone (94.28%) predominated with low residual values. The same did not occur for procaine benzylpenicillin + potassium benzylpenicillin, since a greater residual volume was discarded in 74.28% of the vials.
CONCLUSION
We highlight the need for improvements in managing antibiotics in the institution under study, so that the excess volume of the antibiotics in the vials is used within the acceptable stable time. It is also necessary that the disposal of the residual volume be adequately disposed, since it presents a risk to public health and the environment.
OBJETIVO
Quantificar o volume residual contido em frascos-ampola de antibióticos utilizados na pediatria.
MÉTODO
Trata-se de um experimento com amostras de frascos-ampola de antibióticos utilizados em hospital pediátrico. O volume residual foi identificado calculando-se a diferença da aferição do peso antes e após a lavagem do frasco-ampola. A avaliação da diferença dos volumes residuais nos frascos-ampola foi determinada pelo teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon para uma amostra e estabelecido o nível de significância de 5%.
RESULTADOS
Foram selecionadas 105 amostras de antibióticos. Predominou o correto aproveitamento dos antibióticos oxacilina (88,57%) e ceftriaxona (94,28%), com baixos valores residuais. O mesmo não ocorreu com a benzilpenicilina procaína + potássica, pois em 74,28% dos frascos houve descarte de volume residual superior.
CONCLUSÃO
Destaca-se a necessidade de melhorias na gestão dos antibióticos na instituição em estudo, para que o volume excedente do antibiótico em frasco-ampola seja aproveitado até o tempo de estabilidade permitido, assim como é necessário que haja a adequação da forma de descarte do volume residual, que apresenta risco à saúde pública e ao meio ambiente.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Waste Disposal, Fluid
PubMed: 28614439
DOI: 10.1590/S1980-220X2016046603234