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Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Jun 2023Exposure to bioaerosols at dairies has long been associated with allergy, respiratory disease, and decreases in lung function. Recent advancements in exposure... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Exposure to bioaerosols at dairies has long been associated with allergy, respiratory disease, and decreases in lung function. Recent advancements in exposure assessments have aided our understanding on the size distribution and composition of these bioaerosols, but investigations focusing solely on exposures may overlook important intrinsic factors impacting worker's susceptibility to disease.
RECENT FINDINGS
In our review, we discuss the most recent studies examining the exposures and genetic factors that contribute to occupational disease in dairy work. We also review more recent concerns in livestock work associated with zoonotic pathogens, antimicrobial resistant genes, and the role of the human microbiome. The studies highlighted in this review demonstrate the need for further research to better understand bioaerosol exposure-response relationships in the context of extrinsic and intrinsic factors, antibiotic-resistant genes, viral pathogens, and the human microbiome to help inform effective interventions that improve respiratory health among dairy farmers.
Topics: Humans; Occupational Exposure; Farmers; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Hypersensitivity
PubMed: 37191901
DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01081-2 -
Journal of Parkinson's Disease Jun 2016In contrast to some other neurodegenerative diseases, little is known about ventilatory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). To assess the spectrum of ventilation... (Review)
Review
In contrast to some other neurodegenerative diseases, little is known about ventilatory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). To assess the spectrum of ventilation disorders in PD, we searched for and reviewed studies of dyspnea, lung volumes, respiratory muscle function, sleep breathing disorders and the response to hypoxemia in PD. Among the studies, we identified some limitations: (i) small study populations (mainly composed of patients with advanced PD), (ii) the absence of long-term follow-up and (iii) the absence of functional evaluations under "off-drug" conditions. Although there are many reports of abnormal spirometry data in PD (mainly related to impairment of the inspiratory muscles), little is known about hypoventilation in PD. We conclude that ventilatory dysfunction in PD has been poorly studied and little is known about its frequency and clinical relevance. Hence, there is a need to characterize the different phenotypes of ventilation disorders in PD, study their relationships with disease progression and assess their prognostic value.
Topics: Dyspnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Lung Volume Measurements; Male; Parkinson Disease; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Muscles; Sleep Apnea Syndromes
PubMed: 27314755
DOI: 10.3233/JPD-160804 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Jun 2011Many studies have shown consistent associations between evident indoor dampness or mold and respiratory or allergic health effects, but causal links remain unclear.... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Many studies have shown consistent associations between evident indoor dampness or mold and respiratory or allergic health effects, but causal links remain unclear. Findings on measured microbiologic factors have received little review. We conducted an updated, comprehensive review on these topics.
DATA SOURCES
We reviewed eligible peer-reviewed epidemiologic studies or quantitative meta-analyses, up to late 2009, on dampness, mold, or other microbiologic agents and respiratory or allergic effects.
DATA EXTRACTION
We evaluated evidence for causation or association between qualitative/subjective assessments of dampness or mold (considered together) and specific health outcomes. We separately considered evidence for associations between specific quantitative measurements of microbiologic factors and each health outcome.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Evidence from epidemiologic studies and meta-analyses showed indoor dampness or mold to be associated consistently with increased asthma development and exacerbation, current and ever diagnosis of asthma, dyspnea, wheeze, cough, respiratory infections, bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, eczema, and upper respiratory tract symptoms. Associations were found in allergic and nonallergic individuals. Evidence strongly suggested causation of asthma exacerbation in children. Suggestive evidence was available for only a few specific measured microbiologic factors and was in part equivocal, suggesting both adverse and protective associations with health.
CONCLUSIONS
Evident dampness or mold had consistent positive associations with multiple allergic and respiratory effects. Measured microbiologic agents in dust had limited suggestive associations, including both positive and negative associations for some agents. Thus, prevention and remediation of indoor dampness and mold are likely to reduce health risks, but current evidence does not support measuring specific indoor microbiologic factors to guide health-protective actions.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollution, Indoor; Child; Fungi; Humans; Humidity; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 21269928
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002410 -
Respiratory Care Jul 2018The aim of this study was to systematically review all current interventions that have been utilized to improve respiratory function and activity after stroke. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to systematically review all current interventions that have been utilized to improve respiratory function and activity after stroke.
METHODS
Specific searches were conducted. The experimental intervention had to be planned, structured, repetitive, purposive, and delivered with the aim of improving respiratory function. Outcomes included respiratory strength (maximum inspiratory pressure [P], maximum expiratory pressure [P]) and endurance, lung function (FVC, FEV, and peak expiratory flow [PEF]), dyspnea, and activity. The quality of the randomized trials was assessed by the PEDro scale using scores from the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (www.pedro.org.au), and risk of bias was assessed in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.
RESULTS
The 17 included trials had a mean PEDro score of 5.7 (range 4-8) and involved 616 participants. Meta-analyses showed that respiratory muscle training significantly improved all outcomes of interest: P (weighted mean difference 11 cm HO, 95% CI 7-15, I = 0%), P (8 cm HO, 95% CI 2-15, I = 65%), FVC (0.25 L, 95% CI 0.12-0.37, I = 29%), FEV (0.24 L, 95% CI 0.17-0.30, I = 0%), PEF (0.51 L/s, 95% CI 0.10-0.92, I = 0%), dyspnea (standardized mean difference -1.6 points, 95% CI -2.2 to -0.9; I = 0%), and activity (standardized mean difference 0.78, 95% CI 0.22-1.35, I = 0%). Meta-analyses found no significant results for the effects of breathing exercises on lung function. For the remaining interventions (ie, aerobic and postural exercises) and the addition of electrical stimulation, meta-analyses could not be performed.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review reports 5 possible interventions used to improve respiratory function after stroke. Respiratory muscle training proved to be effective for improving inspiratory and expiratory strength, lung function, and dyspnea, and benefits were carried over to activity. However, there is still no evidence to accept or refute the efficacy of aerobic, breathing, and postural exercises, or the addition of electrical stimulation in respiratory function.
Topics: Breathing Exercises; Dyspnea; Humans; Muscle Strength; Recovery of Function; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Muscles; Respiratory Therapy; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29844210
DOI: 10.4187/respcare.06000 -
The European Respiratory Journal Sep 2014Noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular, metabolic and respiratory diseases, among others, are the major medical challenge of the 21st century. Most... (Review)
Review
Noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular, metabolic and respiratory diseases, among others, are the major medical challenge of the 21st century. Most noncommunicable diseases are related to the ageing process and often co-occur in the same individual. However, it is unclear whether the index disease is somehow influencing the development of the other ones (comorbidity) or whether all of them (including the index disease) simply represent the clinical expression of pathological ageing (multimorbidity). The pathobiology of ageing, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and concomitant disorders is complex. A new field of research, known as systems biology if applied to model systems or network medicine if applied to human beings, has emerged over the past decade or so, to address biological complexity in a holistic, integrated way. It offers, therefore, great potential to decipher the relationship between ageing, COPD and comorbidities/multimorbidities. In this State of the Art review we present the basic concepts of systems biology, use some examples to illustrate the potential of network medicine to address complex medical problems, and review some recent publications that show how a systems-based research strategy can contribute to improve our understanding of multimorbidity and age-related respiratory diseases.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Comorbidity; Geriatrics; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Models, Biological; Respiration Disorders; Systems Biology
PubMed: 25063242
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00078714 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023Proteomics in respiratory allergic diseases has such a battery of techniques and programs that one would almost think there is nothing impossible to find, invent or... (Review)
Review
Proteomics in respiratory allergic diseases has such a battery of techniques and programs that one would almost think there is nothing impossible to find, invent or mold. All the resources that we document here are involved in solving problems in allergic diseases, both diagnostic and prognostic treatment, and immunotherapy development. The main perspectives, according to this version, are in three strands and/or a lockout immunological system: (1) Blocking the diapedesis of the cells involved, (2) Modifications and blocking of paratopes and epitopes being understood by modifications to antibodies, antagonisms, or blocking them, and (3) Blocking FcεRI high-affinity receptors to prevent specific IgEs from sticking to mast cells and basophils. These tools and targets in the allergic landscape are, in our view, the prospects in the field. However, there are still many allergens to identify, including some homologies between allergens and cross-reactions, through the identification of structures and epitopes. The current vision of using proteomics for this purpose remains a constant; this is also true for the basis of diagnostic and controlled systems for immunotherapy. Ours is an open proposal to use this vision for treatment.
Topics: Humans; Proteomics; Hypersensitivity; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Epitopes; Allergens
PubMed: 37629105
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612924 -
Respiratory Medicine Sep 2017Asthma and allergic diseases can start in childhood and persist throughout life, but could also be manifested later, at any time for still misunderstood reasons. They... (Review)
Review
Asthma and allergic diseases can start in childhood and persist throughout life, but could also be manifested later, at any time for still misunderstood reasons. They are major chronic multifactorial respiratory diseases, for which prevention, early diagnosis and treatment is recognized as a priority for the Europe's public health policy and the United Nations. Given that allergy triggers (including infections, rapid urbanization leading to loss in biodiversity, pollution and climate changes) are not expected to change in a foreseeable future, it is imperative that steps are taken to develop, strengthen and optimize preventive and treatment strategies. Currently there are good treatments for asthma, several risk factors are known (e.g., allergies, rhinitis, tobacco smoke) and tools to control the disease have been developed. However, we are still uncertain how to prevent patients from developing asthma and allergic diseases. In this paper, we list the positive and negative experiences in this field as well as analyze the missing links in the process. This critical analysis will be the basis of setting-up an effective program for prevention and making, a process labeled as "implementation gaps".
Topics: Asthma; Early Diagnosis; Europe; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Respiration Disorders; Risk Factors; World Health Organization
PubMed: 29206628
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.07.006 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... May 2012Respiratory complications are the most common cause of acute and long-term morbidity and mortality in patients with spinal cord injury. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Respiratory complications are the most common cause of acute and long-term morbidity and mortality in patients with spinal cord injury.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The article is based on a non-systematic search in PubMed and the authors' clinical experience in treatment and follow-up of respiratory complications in patients with spinal cord injury.
RESULTS
The extent of respiratory complications is dependent on the level of spinal cord injury and the degree of motor completeness. In acute spinal cord injury, 80 % of patients may suffer from respiratory complications. Long-term follow-up indicates that respiratory complications are the most common cause of death in these patients. The most common respiratory complications are atelectasis, pneumonia and respiratory failure. Prevention of respiratory complications must be initiated immediately, independent of the level of spinal cord injury. The question of mechanical ventilation in the acute setting, and also during long-term follow-up must be addressed, along with aggressive secretion management. Patients with spinal cord injury have a high prevalence of sleep apnea that may influence their quality of life and rehabilitation.
INTERPRETATION
Respiratory complications are common in patients with spinal cord injury. These patients need a multidisciplinary approach. All disciplines involved must obtain knowledge of respiratory complications in the acute phase and in the longer term, to ensure patients are referred for necessary pulmonary review and follow-up.
Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Norway; Patient Care Team; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Therapy; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Spinal Cord Injuries; Vital Capacity
PubMed: 22614314
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.10.0922 -
Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia 2009to compare the scores of the WHOQOL quality of life domains with the clinical features of patients with respiratory and non-respiratory panic disorders (PD) treated at... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
AIM
to compare the scores of the WHOQOL quality of life domains with the clinical features of patients with respiratory and non-respiratory panic disorders (PD) treated at the UFRJ Panic and Respiration Laboratory.
METHOD
cross sectional study. Thirty-two PD outpatients under treatment were consecutively selected and evaluated by the MINI v.4.4. They were divided into two different groups according to Briggs et al. classification of respiratory and non-respiratory PD subtypes. Twelve (37.5%) patients had the respiratory subtype (SR) and 20 (62.5%) the non-respiratory subtype (SN).
RESULTS
the SN patients presented worse scores in the psychological domain of the WHOQOL. There were no differences between groups in gender, age, level of schooling, occupational status, marital status, smoking and comorbidities. There were no differences in the anxiety questionnaires and PD questionnaire (BAI, STAI-T, STAI-S, PAS) scores and in the age at the beginning of the disorder and the disorder's duration.
CONCLUSION
non-respiratory subtype patients presented worse scores in the psychological domain of WHOQOL than the respiratory subtype group, when they had similar anxiety and PD scores.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Panic; Quality of Life; Respiration Disorders
PubMed: 19649544
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinics in Perinatology Dec 2015Hypoxic episodes are troublesome components of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Immature respiratory control seems to be the major contributor,... (Review)
Review
Hypoxic episodes are troublesome components of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Immature respiratory control seems to be the major contributor, superimposed on abnormal respiratory function. Relatively short respiratory pauses may precipitate desaturation and bradycardia. This population is predisposed to pulmonary hypertension; it is likely that pulmonary vasoconstriction also plays a role. The natural history has been well-characterized in the preterm population at risk for BPD; however, the consequences are less clear. Proposed associations of intermittent hypoxia include retinopathy of prematurity, sleep disordered breathing, and neurodevelopmental delay. Future study should address whether these associations are causal relationships.
Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypoxia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Respiration Disorders
PubMed: 26593081
DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2015.08.009