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Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) Jun 2020
Topics: Asthma; Humans; Lung; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 31617261
DOI: 10.1111/resp.13716 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Aug 1996
Topics: Bulbar Palsy, Progressive; Humans; Motor Neuron Disease; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Respiration Disorders
PubMed: 8704525
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.313.7052.244 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2021Inadequate housing is commonplace in First Nations in Canada, often leading to environmental impacts on housing such as dampness and mold. First Nations communities...
Inadequate housing is commonplace in First Nations in Canada, often leading to environmental impacts on housing such as dampness and mold. First Nations communities suffer from a higher prevalence of respiratory-related health conditions than the general Canadian population. There is limited Canadian literature evaluating the relationship between housing factors and the respiratory health of adults within First Nations communities. This study was undertaken with two Saskatchewan First Nations communities. The study population consisted of 293 individuals within 131 households. The individuals completed questionnaires on their general and respiratory health, and one member of each household completed a household questionnaire. The collection of environmental samples from within the house was undertaken. The respiratory outcomes of interest focused on the individuals with ever wheeze, reported by 77.8% of the individuals, and shortness of breath, reported by 52.6% of the individuals. Body mass index, the nontraditional use of tobacco (i.e., current and ex-smoking), the nontraditional use of tobacco in the house (i.e., smoking in the house), dampness in the house in the last 12 months, and always having a smell of mold in the house were significantly associated with respiratory symptoms. The results reveal that respiratory symptom rates were high in the population and housing factors were significantly associated with respiratory symptoms. Addressing and redressing housing inadequacies in First Nations communities are important in preventing additional burdens to health.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollution, Indoor; Housing; Humans; Humidity; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Sounds; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Saskatchewan
PubMed: 33916673
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073744 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2017The management of patients with chronic respiratory diseases affected by difficult to treat infections has become a challenge in clinical practice. Conditions such as... (Review)
Review
The management of patients with chronic respiratory diseases affected by difficult to treat infections has become a challenge in clinical practice. Conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis require extensive treatment strategies to deal with multidrug resistant pathogens that include , Methicillin-resistant , species and non-tuberculous (NTM). These challenges prompted scientists to deliver antimicrobial agents through the pulmonary system by using inhaled, aerosolized or nebulized antibiotics. Subsequent research advances focused on the development of antibiotic agents able to achieve high tissue concentrations capable of reducing the bacterial load of difficult-to-treat organisms in hosts with chronic respiratory conditions. In this review, we focus on the evidence regarding the use of antibiotic therapies administered through the respiratory system via inhalation, nebulization or aerosolization, specifically in patients with chronic respiratory diseases that include CF, non-CF bronchiectasis and NTM. However, further research is required to address the potential benefits, mechanisms of action and applications of inhaled antibiotics for the management of difficult-to-treat infections in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bronchiectasis; Chronic Disease; Cystic Fibrosis; Disease Management; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Respiration Disorders; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28509852
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051062 -
Respiratory Research Jan 2019Circular RNAs (CircRNAs), as a new class of non-coding RNA molecules that, unlike linear RNAs, have covalently closed loop structures from the ligation of exons,... (Review)
Review
Circular RNAs (CircRNAs), as a new class of non-coding RNA molecules that, unlike linear RNAs, have covalently closed loop structures from the ligation of exons, introns, or both. CircRNAs are widely expressed in various organisms in a specie-, tissue-, disease- and developmental stage-specific manner, and have been demonstrated to play a vital role in the pathogenesis and progression of human diseases. An increasing number of recent studies has revealed that circRNAs are intensively associated with different respiratory diseases, including lung cancer, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary tuberculosis, and silicosis. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no systematic review of studies on the role of circRNAs in respiratory diseases. In this review, we elaborate on the biogenesis, functions, and identification of circRNAs and focus particularly on the potential implications of circRNAs in respiratory diseases.
Topics: Animals; Humans; RNA; RNA Splicing; RNA, Circular; Respiration Disorders
PubMed: 30611252
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0962-1 -
PloS One 2020To assess the effects of workplace exposure to hardwood dust on lung function and determine a prevalence of respiratory symptoms among wood workers. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effects of workplace exposure to hardwood dust on lung function and determine a prevalence of respiratory symptoms among wood workers.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional observational study.
SETTING
Tertiary referral center.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Two hundred seventy-six, non-smoker male wood workers and equal number of non-smoker male office workers, referred to pulmonology clinic included in this study. Evaluation of study participants included completion of a questionnaire regarding respiratory symptoms and baseline spirometry was measured according to the actual recommendations.
RESULTS
Respiratory symptoms including cough, phlegm, chest tightness, and wheezing were significantly higher in wood workers than office workers (40.2% versus 29.3% for cough, p = 0.0073; 40.6% versus 23.6% for phlegm, p<0.0001; 38.0% versus 23.1% for chest tightness, p = 0.0001; 25.3% versus 14.5% for wheezing, p = 0.0014). No statistically significant differences were observed for Dyspnea, and upper respiratory tract symptoms among wood workers compared to office workers. While wood workers were more likely to require spirometry test than office workers (21.4% versus 5.4%, p<0.001) the obstructive changes were more prevalent on spirometry test in wood workers (71.4% obstructive pattern versus 28.6% restrictive pattern). Spirometry test revealed the mean values of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio were significantly lower in the wood workers, compared to their mean values in the control group.
CONCLUSION
Respiratory symptoms associated with work, are more prevalent among wood workers than office workers. Our data revealed that workplace exposure to hardwood dust may compromise respiratory function, indicating the importance and the need for optimizing preventive measures in workplace to protect the respiratory health among exposed workers. Obstructive changes on pulmonary function test is a dominant pathologic pattern in pulmonary function test among wood workers. Further investigation is required by current available tools such as nasal cytology to detect influence of wood dust exposure on the upper respiratory airway.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dust; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Non-Smokers; Occupational Exposure; Prevalence; Respiration Disorders; Spirometry; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32187180
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224860 -
Respiratory Care Sep 2006Noninvasive ventilation has been available for over 100 years. In the past 25 years, relatively lightweight, portable ventilators and comfortable interfaces have become... (Review)
Review
Noninvasive ventilation has been available for over 100 years. In the past 25 years, relatively lightweight, portable ventilators and comfortable interfaces have become available that have allowed for full-time noninvasive ventilation. In motivated individuals who have access to centers with expertise in nocturnal and diurnal ventilation, continuous noninvasive ventilation is quite feasible. There are several reasons continuous noninvasive ventilation may be preferable to invasive tracheostomy ventilation, including the lack of need for an expensive surgical procedure, and less risk of infectious and bleeding complications. This article reviews the techniques and rationale for full-time noninvasive ventilation.
Topics: Humans; Neuromuscular Diseases; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Respiration Disorders; Time Factors; Tracheostomy
PubMed: 16934164
DOI: No ID Found -
Sheng Li Xue Bao : [Acta Physiologica... Dec 2021Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of hospitalization for infants. Compared with adults, infants... (Review)
Review
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of hospitalization for infants. Compared with adults, infants are more likely to cause serious respiratory diseases after RSV infection due to the specific immature airway structure and immune system. The balance of immune resistance and immune tolerance of the host is critical to effective virus clearance and disease control. This paper reviews the relationship between RSV infection and respiratory diseases in infancy, the influence factors of the high pathogenicity of RSV infection in early life, as well as the research progress of anti-RSV therapy, and expands the specific molecular events regulating immune resistance and immune tolerance. We expect to present new ideas for the prevention and treatment of RSV-related respiratory diseases in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 34961879
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Open Aug 2015Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in children has become an increasingly common modality of breathing support where pressure support is delivered through a mask interface... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in children has become an increasingly common modality of breathing support where pressure support is delivered through a mask interface or less commonly through other non-invasive interfaces. At this time, NIV is considered a first-line option for ventilatory support of chronic respiratory insufficiency associated with a range of respiratory and sleep disorders. Previous reviews on the effectiveness, complications and adherence to NIV treatment have lacked systematic methods. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the evidence for the use of long-term NIV in children.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
We will use previously established scoping methodology. Ten electronic databases will be searched to identify studies in children using NIV for longer than 3 months outside an intensive care setting. Grey literature search will include conference proceedings, thesis and dissertations, unpublished trials, reports from regulatory agencies and manufacturers. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts for inclusion, followed by full-text screening of potentially relevant articles to determine final inclusion. Data synthesis will be performed at three levels: (1) an analysis of the number, publication type, publication year, and country of publication of the studies; (2) a summary of the study designs, outcomes measures used; (3) a thematic analysis of included studies by subgroups.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
This study will provide a wide and rigorous overview of the evidence on the use of long-term NIV in children and provide critical information for healthcare professionals and policymakers to better care for this group of children. We will disseminate our findings through conference proceedings and publications, and evaluate the results for further systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Topics: Child; Clinical Protocols; Humans; Noninvasive Ventilation; Respiratory Insufficiency; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sleep Wake Disorders; Time Factors
PubMed: 26270951
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008697 -
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine :... Aug 2011Intermittent vagus nerve stimulation can reduce the frequency of seizures in patients with refractory epilepsy. Stimulation of vagus nerve afferent fibers can also cause... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Intermittent vagus nerve stimulation can reduce the frequency of seizures in patients with refractory epilepsy. Stimulation of vagus nerve afferent fibers can also cause vocal cord dysfunction, laryngeal spasm, cough, dyspnea, nausea, and vomiting. Vagus nerve stimulation causes an increase in respiratory rate, decrease in respiratory amplitude, decrease in tidal volume, and decrease in oxygen saturation during periods of device activation. It usually does not cause an arousal, or a change in heart rate or blood pressure. Most patients have an increase in their apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Patients with VNS can have central apneas, obstructive hypopneas, and obstructive apneas. These respiratory events can be reduced with changes in the vagus nerve stimulator operational parameters or with the use of CPAP. In summary, there are complex relationships between epilepsy and obstructive sleep apneas. In particular, patients with refractory epilepsy need assessment for undiagnosed and untreated obstructive sleep apnea before implantation of vagus nerve stimulator devices. Patients with vagus nerve stimulators often have an increase in apneic events after implantation, and these patients need screening for sleep apnea both before and after implantation.
Topics: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Epilepsies, Partial; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Prognosis; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Risk Assessment; Seizures; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Treatment Outcome; Vagus Nerve Stimulation
PubMed: 21897779
DOI: 10.5664/JCSM.1204