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Environmental Health Perspectives Jan 2003Concern has been expressed in recent years about worsening male reproductive health, possibly mediated by increasing exposures to environmental endocrine-disrupting...
Concern has been expressed in recent years about worsening male reproductive health, possibly mediated by increasing exposures to environmental endocrine-disrupting agents. Trends suggested large increases in cryptorchidism in Britain and the United States between the 1950s and 1980s, although published data on recent trends have been scarce. We examined numbers of orchidopexy procedures, as a marker for cryptorchidism, using routine hospital admission data for England, Wales, and Scotland for fiscal years 1992-1993 through 1998-1999. Annual trends in orchidopexy rates were analyzed by age, in-patient admission versus day case, and geographical region. Orchidopexy rates were also obtained from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) for England to cross-validate the hospital admissions data. Orchidopexy rates for boys 0-14 years old fell by 33% (from 23.5 to 15.8 per 10,000 population) between 1992 and 1998, with the steepest decline (50%) in 5-9-year-olds. The decreasing trend for 0-14-year-olds was evident in every region in England, in Wales, and in Scotland. Rates remained stable for men 15 or more years old, at 0.7 per 10,000. There was a marked shift from in-patient to day-case procedures. Rates from the GPRD showed a similar downward trend to the hospital data. Our findings could represent either an underlying decrease in the frequency of undescended testis or a fairly dramatic improvement in the diagnosis of cryptorchidism--resulting in fewer orchidopexies performed for retractile testis--in Great Britain during the 1990s, or both. Either way, our findings do not support the postulate of a recent worsening of male reproductive health of the scale suggested by some recent commentators on the endocrine disruptor hypothesis.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Cryptorchidism; Endocrine Glands; Hormones; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Testicular Neoplasms; Time; United Kingdom; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male
PubMed: 12515691
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.5446 -
Fertility and Sterility May 2005This multicenter retrospective chart review study performed on 162 cryptorchid patients and on 34 subjects with retractile testes suggests that cryptorchidism and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This multicenter retrospective chart review study performed on 162 cryptorchid patients and on 34 subjects with retractile testes suggests that cryptorchidism and retractile testes can alter spermatogenesis, with more serious damage observed in bilateral cryptorchidism. This spermatogenetic impairment is probably related to the lack of an appropriate or timely surgical correction.
Topics: Adult; Cryptorchidism; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Sperm Count; Spermatogenesis
PubMed: 15866613
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.088 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Jun 2016A rare entity of persistent mullerian duct syndrome usually presents with a common symptom of undescended testis (UDT) or hernia. Male pseudo-hermaphroditism with...
A rare entity of persistent mullerian duct syndrome usually presents with a common symptom of undescended testis (UDT) or hernia. Male pseudo-hermaphroditism with persistent internal mullerian duct structures can present with a 46, XY karyotype with normal external genitalia and. It arises due to deficiency of anti-mullerian substance, resulting from reduced production/responsiveness to mullerian duct, leading to persistence of mullerian duct along with normal development of Wolffian duct structures. Presence of mullerian structure prevents testicular descent increasing the risk of testicular vanishing syndrome. The authors here report a case of 16 years old phenotypical male who came with retractile right sided testis and left side UDT in the urology out-patient department. Explorative laparotomy was performed and an ill-defined mass was excised and sent for histopathological examination. Histopathology revealed presence of mullerian structures. The serum testosterone level was normal, buccal smear cytology and karyotyping revealed a 46, XY genotype of the patient.
PubMed: 27326401
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v4.i6.151 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2008To clarify the role of peritoneography in assessing the patency of processus vaginalis (PV) in pediatric patients diagnosed with cryptorchidism.
OBJECTIVE
To clarify the role of peritoneography in assessing the patency of processus vaginalis (PV) in pediatric patients diagnosed with cryptorchidism.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We designed a prospective clinical trial to evaluate the patency of PV in boys presenting cryptorchidism. Herniography was performed in 310 prepubertal boys. Data about the morphology of PV was compared with operative findings in those surgically treated patients. Retractile and ectopic testes were excluded from the study.
RESULTS
Of the 376 undescended testes (310 patients), 281 cases were associated with an obliterated PV. Herniography revealed 95 cases of open PV in cryptorchid boys. The 244 normally descended testes had associated patent processus vaginalis in only 31 cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Herniography is the most relevant procedure for accurate diagnosis of persistent PV. The persistence of PV was significantly more frequent when the position of the testes is more cranial. The incidence of an open PV decreases with age.
Topics: Age Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Cryptorchidism; Diagnostic Techniques, Urological; Diverticulum; Double-Blind Method; Hernia, Inguinal; Humans; Infant; Male; Peritoneum; Prospective Studies; Radiography
PubMed: 18341722
DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382008000100009 -
Urology Sep 1996Ascent of the intrascrotal testis to an undescended position has been described, but it remains controversial. A case of a 1-year-old with bilateral ascended testes is...
Ascent of the intrascrotal testis to an undescended position has been described, but it remains controversial. A case of a 1-year-old with bilateral ascended testes is presented. These testes were documented by a pediatric urologist to have been intrascrotal on two prior occasions. The right testis was intra-abdominal, and the left was peeping at the internal ring. Ascent has generally been seen in older children with a history of retractile testis and has never been reported to result in a testis located in an intra-abdominal position. This represents a rarely reported early testicular ascent, the mechanism of which is different than that of older children.
Topics: Cryptorchidism; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Testis
PubMed: 8804502
DOI: 10.1016/S0090-4295(96)00211-7 -
Fertility and Sterility Sep 1984
Topics: Body Temperature; Cryptorchidism; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male
PubMed: 6147276
DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)48096-9 -
Reviews in Urology 2006
PubMed: 17192803
DOI: No ID Found -
Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) Jun 2017
Topics: Adult; Fertility Preservation; Humans; Leydig Cell Tumor; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Orchiectomy; Testicular Neoplasms; Testis; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 28620904
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Physiology.... Jan 2007Insulin-like 3 (INSL3) hormone plays a crucial role in testicular descent during embryonic development. Genetic ablation of Insl3 or its G protein-coupled receptor...
Insulin-like 3 (INSL3) hormone plays a crucial role in testicular descent during embryonic development. Genetic ablation of Insl3 or its G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Lgr8 causes cryptorchidism in mice. Previously, we identified a nonfunctional T222P mutation of LGR8 in several human patients with testicular maldescent. Using a large population of patients and healthy controls from Italy, we have demonstrated that T222P LGR8 mutation is present only in affected patients (19 T222P/+ of 598 vs. 0/450, P < 0.0001). We have also identified a novel allele of LGR8 (R223K) found in one patient with retractile testes. Both mutations are located in the leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) of GPCR ectodomain. The expression analysis of T222P mutant receptor transfected into 293T cells revealed that the mutation severely compromised GPCR cell membrane expression. The substitution of Thr(222) with the neutral Ser or Ala, or the R223K mutation, did not alter receptor cell membrane expression or ligand-induced cAMP increase. Additional mutations, affecting first leucine in a signature LxxLxLxxN/CxL stretch of LRR (L283F), or the amino acid residues, forming the disulfide bond or coordinating calcium ion in the LDLa module (C71Y and D70Y), also rendered proteins with reduced cell surface expression. The structural alterations of both LRRs and LDLa of the ligand-binding part of LGR8 cause the inability of receptor to express on the cell surface membrane and might be responsible for the abnormal testicular phenotype in patients.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Sequence; Antigens, Surface; Cells, Cultured; Cryptorchidism; DNA Mutational Analysis; Genetic Testing; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutant Proteins; Point Mutation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Tissue Distribution; Transfection
PubMed: 16926383
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00228.2006 -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Sep 1986
Topics: Cryptorchidism; Humans; Infant; Male; Prospective Studies; Testis
PubMed: 2876743
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.293.6550.789