-
Frontiers in Immunology 2019Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by autoimmunity that triggers joint inflammation and tissue destruction. Traditional concepts... (Review)
Review
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by autoimmunity that triggers joint inflammation and tissue destruction. Traditional concepts of RA pathogenesis have strongly been focused on inflammation. However, more recent evidence suggests that autoimmunity modulates the disease and in particular bone destruction during the course of RA. RA-associated bone loss is caused by increased osteoclast differentiation and activity leading to rapid bone resorption. Autoimmunity in RA is based on autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA). These autoantibodies exert effector functions on immune cells and on bone resorbing osteoclasts, thereby facilitating bone loss. This review summarizes potential pathways involved in increased destruction of bone tissue in RA, particularly focusing on the direct and indirect actions of autoantibodies on osteoclast generation and function.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bone Resorption; Humans; Osteoclasts; Rheumatoid Factor
PubMed: 31333647
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01483 -
Autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: rheumatoid factors and anticitrullinated protein antibodies.QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Mar 2010Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, characterized by chronic, erosive polyarthritis and by the presence of various autoantibodies in... (Review)
Review
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, characterized by chronic, erosive polyarthritis and by the presence of various autoantibodies in serum and synovial fluid. Since rheumatoid factor (RF) was first described, a number of other autoantibodies have been discovered in RA patients. The autoantigens recognized by these autoantibodies include cartilage components, chaperones, enzymes, nuclear proteins and citrullinated proteins. However, the clinical significances and pathogenic roles of these antibodies are largely unknown except for RF and anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), whose clinical usefulness has been acknowledged due to their acceptable sensitivities and specificities, and prognostic values. This review presents and discusses the current state of the art regarding RF and ACPA in RA.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoantibodies; Biomarkers; Citrulline; Humans; Rheumatoid Factor
PubMed: 19926660
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcp165 -
The Journal of International Medical... Mar 2020The indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and direct antiglobulin test (DAT) have been used as common tests for transfusion. Recently, we have found that in addition to...
BACKGROUND
The indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and direct antiglobulin test (DAT) have been used as common tests for transfusion. Recently, we have found that in addition to causing false increases, rheumatoid factor (RF) can also cause false decreases in immunoassays for hepatitis B surface antigen and B-type natriuretic peptide. However, it remains unclear whether RF also interferes with the IAT and DAT.
METHODS
IAT models were produced by mixing IAT-positive plasma and RF-positive plasma, then one-step and two-step IATs were adopted for detection. DAT models were produced by mixing DAT-positive red blood cells (RBCs) and RF-positive plasma, followed by detection with the DAT. The DAT models were diluted using the same RF-positive plasma, and the DAT was performed again.
RESULTS
The rate of decrease of the two-step IAT (40.63%) was significantly higher than that of the one-step IAT (31.51%). Both the rate of decrease (76.67%) and increase (16.67%) of the results of the 60 DAT models were significantly higher than those of the IAT models after two-fold dilution.
CONCLUSIONS
The RF can lead to both false decreases and false increases in IAT and DAT. And the interference effects are related to the RF content relative to the IgG-sensitized RBCs.
Topics: Blood Transfusion; Coombs Test; Erythrocytes; Rheumatoid Factor
PubMed: 31854210
DOI: 10.1177/0300060519892386 -
Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021Rheumatoid arthritis bothers people. According to statistics, the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis represents about 3% of the world's population. Rheumatoid factors...
Rheumatoid arthritis bothers people. According to statistics, the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis represents about 3% of the world's population. Rheumatoid factors can interfere with immune blood cells, which is very harmful to human health. In order to solve the damage of rheumatoid factor to health and study its influence on immune blood cells, this paper constructs a case template through case investigation of rheumatoid arthritis patients and creates damage assessment matrix by using comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis. The horizontal coupling degree between rheumatoid factor and interference of blood cell system is investigated, and the relationship between them is studied. The experimental results show that there is a correlation between rheumatoid factor and immune blood cells, the correlation coefficient is 0.87, the presence of rheumatoid factor in blood cells, and the cell system damage rate is about 30% higher than that without rheumatoid factor; the study found that there is a great difference in the age of rheumatoid factor in the population, and the age of patients is generally above 45 years old. This shows that rheumatoid factor can cause great damage to immune blood cell system and affect people's health level.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Cells; Humans; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Rheumatoid Factor; Syndrome
PubMed: 34257850
DOI: 10.1155/2021/2290650 -
Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) Oct 2016
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Rheumatoid Factor
PubMed: 27331364
DOI: 10.1002/art.39789 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020A comprehensive review of optical biosensors for the detection of biomarkers associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is presented here, including microRNAs (miRNAs),... (Review)
Review
A comprehensive review of optical biosensors for the detection of biomarkers associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is presented here, including microRNAs (miRNAs), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and histidine, which are biomarkers that enable RA detection and/or monitoring. An overview of the different optical biosensors (based on fluorescence, plasmon resonances, interferometry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) among other optical techniques) used to detect these biomarkers is given, describing their performance and main characteristics (limit of detection (LOD) and dynamic range), as well as the connection between the respective biomarker and rheumatoid arthritis. It has been observed that the relationship between the corresponding biomarker and rheumatoid arthritis tends to be obviated most of the time when explaining the mechanism of the optical biosensor, which forces the researcher to look for further information about the biomarker. This review work attempts to establish a clear association between optical sensors and rheumatoid arthritis biomarkers as well as to be an easy-to-use tool for the researchers working in this field.
Topics: Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biomarkers; Biosensing Techniques; Histidine; Humans; Interleukin-6; Rheumatoid Factor
PubMed: 33158306
DOI: 10.3390/s20216289 -
Clinical and Experimental Immunology Dec 1967Rheumatoid serum factors are present in greater or lesser concentration in 10–40% of individuals, the titre distribution varying in different populations and being...
Rheumatoid serum factors are present in greater or lesser concentration in 10–40% of individuals, the titre distribution varying in different populations and being higher, as a rule, in the older age groups. Concordance between different serum factors occurs more often than would be expected by chance, and individuals with more than one factor or with a high titre of a single factor are more likely to have rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Rheumatoid serum factors are found more often in the offspring of seropositive individuals than in persons of the same age distribution in the remainder of the population. Rheumatoid arthritis is aggregated in families independently of the rheumatoid serum factors. The aggregation is only of the severe grades with marked erosion of cartilage and bone. It is suggested that rheumatoid serum factors may be produced by a number of different antigens and that a summation of the effect of several antigens may be important. Evidence is produced suggesting that rheumatoid arthritis may be triggered by some common respiratory infections. The more severe forms, however, appear to depend on a predisposition which may be genetically determined.
Topics: Adult; Agglutination Tests; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Diseases in Twins; Female; Humans; Latex Fixation Tests; Male; Middle Aged; Racial Groups; Radiography; Rheumatoid Factor
PubMed: 5590110
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Rheumatology Oct 2023Rheumatology research often involves correlated and clustered data. A common error when analyzing these data occurs when instead we treat these data as independent... (Review)
Review
Rheumatology research often involves correlated and clustered data. A common error when analyzing these data occurs when instead we treat these data as independent observations. This can lead to incorrect statistical inference. The data used are a subset of the 2017 study from Raheel et al consisting of 633 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) between 1988 and 2007. RA flare and the number of swollen joints served as our binary and continuous outcomes, respectively. Generalized linear models (GLM) were fitted for each, while adjusting for rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity and sex. Additionally, a generalized linear mixed model with a random intercept and a generalized estimating equation were used to model RA flare and the number of swollen joints, respectively, to take additional correlation into account. The GLM's β coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are then compared to their mixed-effects equivalents. The β coefficients compared between methodologies are very similar. However, their standard errors increase when correlation is accounted for. As a result, if the additional correlations are not considered, the standard error can be underestimated. This results in an overestimated effect size, narrower CIs, increased type I error, and a smaller value, thus potentially producing misleading results. It is important to model the additional correlation that occurs in correlated data.
Topics: Humans; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Linear Models; Research Design; Rheumatoid Factor
PubMed: 37188383
DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2022-1109 -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Sep 1981
Topics: Antibodies, Antinuclear; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Rheumatoid Factor; Spondylitis, Ankylosing
PubMed: 6790107
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis Dec 2020Rheumatoid factor (RF), originally defined as pathological autoantibodies to IgG that are detected in rheumatoid arthritis, turned out to be multi-specific antibodies,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Rheumatoid factor (RF), originally defined as pathological autoantibodies to IgG that are detected in rheumatoid arthritis, turned out to be multi-specific antibodies, some of which exhibit immunoregulatory properties. Recently, we identified a RF, the production of which confers resistance to experimental autoimmune diseases and is associated with the remission of autoimmune diseases. To differentiate the RF, we discovered from the one associated with rheumatic disease onset or progression and to reflect its immunoregulatory properties, we named it regulatory rheumatoid factor (regRF). Immunization with conformers of Fc fragments that expose regRF neoepitopes reduces collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Certain information about the specificity of classical RF and regRF indicates that these populations may be one and the same. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between the classical RF and regRF.
METHODS
Classical RF was measured in diseased blood by the latex fixation method, and regRF was detected by the agglutination of human IgG-loaded tanned erythrocytes. Competitive analysis was used to determine the specificity of rheumatoid factors.
RESULTS
It was found that regRF and pathology-associated RF constitute different antibody populations. Pathology-associated RF is specific for lyophilized IgG. RegRF does not interact with IgG. RegRF is specific to conformers of IgG Fc fragments that have a reduced hinge. In latex-positive rheumatoid arthritis sera, regRF may be present in addition to pathology-associated RF. The latex fixation method detects both rheumatoid factor populations.
CONCLUSION
RegRF and classical pathology-associated RF have different specificity.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Epitopes; Freeze Drying; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; Immunoglobulin G; Isomerism; Latex Fixation Tests; Reference Standards; Rheumatoid Factor; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 32789896
DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23533