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Journal of Clinical Virology : the... Oct 2010Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are among the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. However, the differential roles of the three HRV species...
BACKGROUND
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are among the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. However, the differential roles of the three HRV species HRV-A, HRV-B, and HRV-C in pediatric CAP are not fully understood.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the distribution of HRV species and their roles in children hospitalized with CAP in Beijing, China.
STUDY DESIGN
Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected between April 2007 and March 2008 from 554 children with a primary diagnosis of CAP. HRVs in the clinical samples were detected by RT-PCR and by sequencing. Infections with other respiratory viruses were identified by PCR.
RESULTS
HRVs were detected in 99 patients (17.87%). Among these patients, 51.52% tested positive for HRV-A, 38.38% for HRV-C, and 10.10% for HRV-B. HRVs were detected throughout the study period. The monthly distribution of HRV infections varied with HRV species. Median age, gender, symptoms, severity, and duration of hospitalization for single HRV-C infections were similar to those observed for single HRV-A infections. Co-infections with other respiratory viruses were detected in 57.58% of the HRV-positive children. HRV/RSV dual infections were correlated with a higher frequency of shortness of breath (HRV-A group, P(2 tail)= 0.01; HRV-C group, P(2 tail) = 0.015) and lower median ages (HRV-A group, P(2 tail) = 0.049; HRV-C group, P(2 tail) = 0.009).
CONCLUSION
Our study shows that HRV-C strains circulate at a prevalence intermediate between HRV-A and HRV-B. The severity of clinical manifestations for HRV-C is comparable to that for HRV-A in children with CAP. These findings point to an important role of both HRV-A and HRV-C in pediatric CAP.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Community-Acquired Infections; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Nasopharynx; Picornaviridae Infections; Pneumonia, Viral; Prevalence; RNA, Viral; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rhinovirus; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 20728404
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.07.013 -
PLoS Pathogens Aug 2018Protein production, genomic RNA replication, and virion assembly during infection by picornaviruses like human rhinovirus and poliovirus take place in the cytoplasm of...
Protein production, genomic RNA replication, and virion assembly during infection by picornaviruses like human rhinovirus and poliovirus take place in the cytoplasm of infected human cells, making them the quintessential cytoplasmic pathogens. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that picornavirus replication is promoted by a number of host proteins localized normally within the host cell nucleus. To systematically identify such nuclear proteins, we focused on those that appear to re-equilibrate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during infection of HeLa cells with human rhinovirus via quantitative protein mass spectrometry. Our analysis revealed a highly selective re-equilibration of proteins with known mRNA splicing and transport-related functions over nuclear proteins of all other functional classes. The multifunctional splicing factor proline and glutamine rich (SFPQ) was identified as one such protein. We found that SFPQ is targeted for proteolysis within the nucleus by viral proteinase 3CD/3C, and a fragment of SFPQ was shown to migrate to the cytoplasm at mid-to-late times of infection. Cells knocked down for SFPQ expression showed significantly reduced rhinovirus titers, viral protein production, and viral RNA accumulation, consistent with SFPQ being a pro-viral factor. The SFPQ fragment that moved into the cytoplasm was able to bind rhinovirus RNA either directly or indirectly. We propose that the truncated form of SFPQ promotes viral RNA stability or replication, or virion morphogenesis. More broadly, our findings reveal dramatic changes in protein compartmentalization during human rhinovirus infection, allowing the virus to systematically hijack the functions of proteins not normally found at its cytoplasmic site of replication.
Topics: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; HeLa Cells; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Nuclear Proteins; PTB-Associated Splicing Factor; Protein Transport; Proteolysis; RNA, Viral; Rhinovirus
PubMed: 30142213
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007277 -
Journal of Investigative Medicine High... 2017A 22-year-old Asian woman presented with respiratory distress, cough, and wheezing for 1 week. Prior history included asthma and Turner syndrome. On presentation to the...
A 22-year-old Asian woman presented with respiratory distress, cough, and wheezing for 1 week. Prior history included asthma and Turner syndrome. On presentation to the emergency department, the patient was hypotensive, tachycardic, tachypneic, with an oxyhemoglobin saturation in the mid 80% range while breathing ambient air. Chest radiograph revealed pulmonary vascular congestion and a left lower lobe infiltrate. Endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressors were initiated. Empiric therapy for community-acquired pneumonia was administered utilizing broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics. Routine sputum culture was negative for pathogens. Nasopharyngeal swab submitted for multiplex amplified nucleic acid testing yielded enterovirus-human rhinovirus (EV-HRV). Thus, the diagnosis of EV-HRV pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was established. Multiple attempts to wean from the ventilator were unsuccessful, and a tracheostomy was performed. This report highlights EV-HRV as a cause of severe ARDS and prolonged respiratory failure in adults.
PubMed: 28904980
DOI: 10.1177/2324709617728526 -
BMC Research Notes Nov 2015Despite the research importance of rhinovirus detection in asymptomatic healthy infants, the literature remains sparse.
BACKGROUND
Despite the research importance of rhinovirus detection in asymptomatic healthy infants, the literature remains sparse.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (and its species).
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 110 healthy, non-hospitalized infants without acute illness at an academic medical center from November 2013 through May 2014. We tested nasal swab specimens by using polymerase chain reaction and genetic sequencing.
RESULTS
Overall, the median age was 3.8 months (IQR 2.0-5.1 months), 56 % were male, and 90% were born >37 weeks. RSV was detected in nasal swabs from infants (1.8%). By contrast, rhinovirus was detected in nasal swabs from 16 infants (14.5%). Molecular typing assay revealed rhinovirus species: six rhinovirus-A (5.5%), one rhinovirus-B (0.9%), eight rhinovirus-C (7.3%), and one untypeable (0.9%).
CONCLUSIONS
In this cross-sectional study of healthy, community-based infants, RSV was rare (<2%) in nasal swabs, while rhinovirus was detected in 14.5% with a predominance of rhinovirus-A and -C. These finding are important for understanding the clinical significance of rhinovirus detection among infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Infant; Male; Molecular Typing; Nasal Cavity; Picornaviridae Infections; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reproducibility of Results; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Rhinovirus; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 26608824
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1695-6 -
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Jan 2023We determine the presence and diversity of rhinoviruses in nasopharyngeal swab samples from 248 individuals who presented with influenza-like illness (ILI) at a...
We determine the presence and diversity of rhinoviruses in nasopharyngeal swab samples from 248 individuals who presented with influenza-like illness (ILI) at a university clinic in the Southwest United States between October 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021. We identify at least 13 rhinovirus genotypes (A11, A22, A23, A25, A67, A101, B6, B79, C1, C17, C36, and C56, as well a new genotype [AZ88**]) and 16 variants that contributed to the burden of ILI in the community. We also describe the complete capsid protein gene of a member (AZ88**) of an unassigned rhinovirus A genotype.
Topics: Humans; Rhinovirus; Respiratory Tract Infections; Universities; Picornaviridae Infections; Enterovirus Infections; Virus Diseases; Genotype
PubMed: 36168937
DOI: 10.1111/irv.13057 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2019Human rhinovirus (HRV) and Enterovirus (ENV) are the major causes of childhood acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). This study sought to understand the...
INTRODUCTION
Human rhinovirus (HRV) and Enterovirus (ENV) are the major causes of childhood acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). This study sought to understand the distribution pattern of HRV subgroups, their seasonality and association with respiratory complications in patients at a tertiary care hospital.
RESULTS
Of the total 332 ARTI samples, 82 (24.7%) were positive for ENV/HRV. Twenty positive samples were processed further for phylogenetic analysis. Ten of the 20 samples were identified to be HRVs (70% HRV A and 30% HRV C) and nine were enteroviruses. HRV A clustered near three distinct HRV types (A12, A78 and A82). Four of the HRV strains (represented as SEQ 137 rhino, SEQ 282 rhino, SEQ 120 rhino and SEQ 82 rhino) had high sequence similarity. HRV C showed seasonality and was associated with disease severity.
CONCLUSION
The genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of the HRVs in the current study shows its circulatory pattern, association with risk factors and evolutionary dynamics.
Topics: Adolescent; Enterovirus; Enterovirus Infections; Female; Humans; India; Male; Nasopharynx; Phylogeny; Prospective Studies; RNA, Viral; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 32436882
DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_20_23 -
Global Pediatric Health 2023Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common infectious diseases in pediatric clinical facilities and has a significant impact on health care. It is a...
Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common infectious diseases in pediatric clinical facilities and has a significant impact on health care. It is a polymicrobial disease and is usually preceded by a viral upper respiratory tract infection. Data on the spectrum of viruses that cause AOM in Indonesia are still limited. This study analyzed nasopharynx (NP) samples collected from 119 school children with AOM in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Viral RNA was extracted for cDNA synthesis, followed by PCR and sequencing tools for detection of a panel of respiratory viruses using family-level primers for Coronaviridae, Enterovirus, Bocavirus, and Pneumovirinae for bocavirus. In total, 37 out of 119 NP samples (31.1%) tested positive for viruses. Human rhinovirus B was the predominant virus identified (32.4%) followed by rhinovirus C (29.7%), human rhinovirus A (27%), and human bocavirus (5.4%). Rhinovirus are predominant viral pathogens within school children with AOM in Central Java, Indonesia.
PubMed: 36762370
DOI: 10.1177/2333794X221149899 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Enteroviruses are among the most common viruses pathogenic to humans. They are associated with various forms of disease, ranging from mild respiratory illness to severe...
Enteroviruses are among the most common viruses pathogenic to humans. They are associated with various forms of disease, ranging from mild respiratory illness to severe neurological diseases. In recent years, an increasing number of isolated cases of children developing meningitis or encephalitis as a result of enterovirus infection have been reported, as well as discrete enterovirus D68 outbreaks in North America in 2014 and 2016. We developed an assay to rapidly genotype enteroviruses by sequencing a region within the VP1 gene using nanopore Flongles. We retrospectively analyzed enterovirus-/rhinovirus-positive clinical samples from the Zurich, Switzerland area mainly collected during two seasons in 2019/2020 and 2021/2022. Respiratory, cerebrospinal fluid, and stool samples were analyzed. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on samples with ambiguous genotyping results and enterovirus D68-positive samples. Out of 255 isolates, a total of 95 different genotypes were found. A difference in the prevalence of enterovirus and rhinovirus infections was observed for both sample type and age group. In particular, children aged 0-4 years showed a higher frequency of enterovirus infections. Comparing the respiratory seasons, a higher prevalence was found, especially for enterovirus A and rhinovirus A after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The enterovirus genotyping workflow provides a rapid diagnostic tool for individual analysis and continuous enterovirus surveillance.
PubMed: 38787241
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050390 -
Virology Journal Nov 2012Human Rhinoviruses (HRVs) have high genetic diversity and three species have been described: HRV-A, HRV-B, and the recently recognized HRV-C, which has been rapidly...
BACKGROUND
Human Rhinoviruses (HRVs) have high genetic diversity and three species have been described: HRV-A, HRV-B, and the recently recognized HRV-C, which has been rapidly identified worldwide.
FINDINGS
In the present study, we report the frequency and diversity of Human Rhinovirus (HRV) strains circulating in Panama from children hospitalized with respiratory infections.
CONCLUSIONS
HRVs of species A, B and C have been identified with a predominance of HRV-A and HRV-C over HRV-B, and marked genetic diversity within each species.
Topics: Child, Hospitalized; Child, Preschool; Cluster Analysis; Female; Genetic Variation; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Panama; Phylogeny; Picornaviridae Infections; RNA, Viral; Respiratory Tract Infections; Rhinovirus; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 23116216
DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-9-257 -
Microorganisms Jul 2023The recent global emergence of the pandemic has accelerated research in several areas of science whose valuable outputs and findings can help to address future health...
The recent global emergence of the pandemic has accelerated research in several areas of science whose valuable outputs and findings can help to address future health challenges in the event of emerging infectious agents. We conducted a comprehensive shotgun analysis targeting multiple aspects to compare differences in bacterial spectrum and viral presence through culture-independent RNA sequencing. We conducted a comparative analysis of the microbiome between healthy individuals and those with varying degrees of COVID-19 severity, including a total of 151 participants. Our findings revealed a noteworthy increase in microbial species diversity among patients with COVID-19, irrespective of disease severity. Specifically, our analysis revealed a significant difference in the abundance of bacterial phyla between healthy individuals and those infected with COVID-19. We found that , among other bacterial , showed a notably higher abundance in healthy individuals compared to infected individuals. Conversely, Bacteroides showed a lower abundance in the latter group. Infected people, regardless of severity and symptoms, have the same proportional representation of , , , , and . In addition to and numerous phage groups, we identified sequences of clinically significant viruses such as , , and in several samples. Analyses were performed retrospectively, therefore, in the case of various WHO variants such as (B.1.1.7), (B.1.617.2), (B.1.1.529), and strains are represented. Additionally, the presence of specific virus strains has a certain effect on the distribution of individual microbial taxa.
PubMed: 37512976
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071804