-
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Sep 1978Cell-free preparations from Rhodotorula glutinis catalyzed the conversion of deoxyribonucleosides to ribonucleosides in a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside 2' -hydroxylase...
Cell-free preparations from Rhodotorula glutinis catalyzed the conversion of deoxyribonucleosides to ribonucleosides in a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside 2' -hydroxylase reaction. The reaction occurred with only thymidine or deoxyuridine, of the common deoxyribonucleosides, without detachment of the deoxyribose moiety, at the nucleoside level. The same enzyme preparations catalyzed the conversion of thymine to 5-hydroxymethyluracil in a thymine 7-hydroxylase reaction. Requirements for molecular oxygen, alpha-ketoglutarate, Fe2+, and ascorbate indicated that the 2' -hydroxylase and 7-hydroxylase reactions are of the alpha-keto-acid dioxygenases class. The requirements for alpha-ketoglutarate and Fe2+ were very stringent. During the course of the 2' -hydroxylase and 7-hydroxylase reactions, alpha-ketoglutarate was decarboxylated to form succinate and CO2 so that the ratio of hydroxylated nucleoside or pyrimidine to CO2 was 1:1.5-Hydroxymethyluracil and 5-formyluracil also stimulated the decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate and thus appeared to undergo 7-hydroxylase reactions.
Topics: Deoxyribonucleosides; Iron; Ketoglutaric Acids; Mitosporic Fungi; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Rhodotorula; Ribonucleosides; Substrate Specificity; Thymidine; Thymine
PubMed: 567220
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023During a study of the diversity of soilborne fungi from Spain, a strain belonging to the family Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) was isolated. The multigene phylogenetic...
During a study of the diversity of soilborne fungi from Spain, a strain belonging to the family Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) was isolated. The multigene phylogenetic inference using five DNA loci showed that this strain represents an undescribed species of the genus , herein introduced as sp. nov. Investigation of its secondary metabolome led to the isolation of two new derivatives ( and ) of the known antifungal antibiotic dactylfungin A (), together with the known compound cochliodinol (). The planar structures of - were determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and ion mobility tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-IM-MS/MS) and extensive 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy after isolation by HPLC. All isolated secondary metabolites were tested for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Dactylfungin A () showed selective and strong antifungal activity against some of the tested human pathogens ( and ). The additional hydroxyl group in resulted in the loss of activity against but still retained the inhibition of in a lower concentration than that of the respective control, without showing any cytotoxic effects. In contrast, 25″-dehydroxy-dactylfungin A () exhibited improved activity against yeasts ( and ) than and , but resulted in the appearance of slight cytotoxicity. The present study exemplifies how even in a well-studied taxonomic group such as the Chaetomiaceae, the investigation of novel taxa still brings chemistry novelty, as demonstrated in this first report of this antibiotic class for chaetomiaceous and sordarialean taxa.
PubMed: 37108917
DOI: 10.3390/jof9040463 -
Indian Journal of Microbiology Sep 2013In order to obtain lipid producing strain with high-yield, the wild type stain Rhodotorula glutinis was treated by low ion implantation, and optimization of fermentation...
In order to obtain lipid producing strain with high-yield, the wild type stain Rhodotorula glutinis was treated by low ion implantation, and optimization of fermentation medium for higher lipid yield was carried out using mutant strain. It was found that the strain had a higher positive mutation rate when the output power was 10 keV and the dose of N(+) implantation was 80 × 2.6 × 10(13) ions/cm(2). Then a high-yield mutant strain D30 was obtained through cid-heating coupling ultrasonic method and lipid yield was 3.10 g/L. Additionally, the surface response method was used to optimize fermentation medium. The three significant factors (glucose, peptone, KH2PO4) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), and the optimized parameters of fermentation medium were as follows: glucose 73.40 g/L, peptone 1.06 g/L and KH2PO4 3.56 g/L. Finally the fermentation characteristic of high-yield mutation strain D30 was studied, when fermentation time was 10 days, which lipid yield increased to 7.81 g/L. Fatty acid composition of the lipid was determined by GC, and the most represented fatty acids of mutant D30 were C16:0 (11.4 %), C16:1 (5.66 %), C18:1 (49.3 %), and C18:2 (27.0 %).
PubMed: 24426135
DOI: 10.1007/s12088-013-0361-8 -
Open Veterinary Journal Jun 2023The fungi species are widespread airborne contaminants and are thought to be natural occupants of human skin, lungs, urine, and feces. Therefore, , , and are three...
BACKGROUND
The fungi species are widespread airborne contaminants and are thought to be natural occupants of human skin, lungs, urine, and feces. Therefore, , , and are three of the most prevalent species.
AIM
This study aims to isolate from the rumen fluid of cows in the province of Mosul and to determine how laser light irradiation affects the growth and morphological traits of these Fungi.
METHODS
From the rumen fluid of AL-Restaki and AL-Karadi of cows, the was isolated. Using the traditional approach and the ID-Yst card system Vitek 2. A semiconductor laser system with a power of 50 mW and a wavelength of 450 nm was used in the experiment to evaluate the light laser irradiation effects on the culture growth of directly under two light irradiation conditions of 30 and 60 minutes.
RESULTS
According to traditional methods and the ID-Yst card system Vitek 2, predominated 7/30 (23.3%), and these strains effectively grow on medium sabouraued dextrose agar as evidenced by the carotenoid pigments that gave their colonies a salmon-pink to coral-red. Compared with a control group where no laser was used, the impact of light laser irradiation was assessed 24 hours after the irradiation using biomass (dry weight measuring yeast cell content in suspension) and microscopic analysis using Gram stain. Microscopic examinations showed the irregular shape of the cells linked to one another. The irradiated subculture of on Sabouraued dextrose agar and incubation at 37°C for 3 days demonstrated inhibited growth in 4/7 (57.1%) isolates. In addition, there was no discernible difference vertically at < 0.05 between the control group and the biomass concentration under light irradiation circumstances (30 and 60 minutes).
CONCLUSION
This study proved that is found in the rumen fluid of cows. Also, the isolated displayed sensitivity to laser irradiation lights, revealing the more significant topographical alterations of the cell structure that had happened, the irregular shape of the cells, and how they were connected as a result of evolution.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Humans; Rhodotorula; Agar; Iraq; Glucose
PubMed: 37545703
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i6.11 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology May 2001Investigations on the production of red pigments by Rhodotorula glutinis on raw substrates of agro-industrial origin may be considered of interest because they represent...
AIMS
Investigations on the production of red pigments by Rhodotorula glutinis on raw substrates of agro-industrial origin may be considered of interest because they represent the first approach to the utilization of these raw materials for biotechnological purposes.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Rhodotorula glutinis DBVPG 3853 was batch and fed-batch co-cultured with Debaryomyces castellii DBVPG 3503 in a medium containing corn syrup as the sole carbon source. Fed-batch co-cultures gave a volumetric production of 8.2 mg total carotenoid l(-1), about 150% of that observed in batch co-cultures. The different carotenoid pigments (beta-carotene, torulene, torularhodin) were quantified.
CONCLUSION
Oligosaccharides and dextrins of corn syrup could be used profitably for pigment production by R. glutinis DBVPG 3853-D. castellii DBVPG 3503 in co-culture.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
The above results suggest that the red yeasts belonging to the genus Rhodotorula may have industrial relevance as carotenoid producers.
Topics: Carotenoids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coculture Techniques; Rhodotorula; Saccharomycetales; Zea mays; beta Carotene
PubMed: 11348447
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01319.x -
Biotechnology For Biofuels Dec 2020Converting wastewater sludge to lipid is considered as one of the best strategies of sludge management. The current problem of lipid production from wastewater sludge is...
BACKGROUND
Converting wastewater sludge to lipid is considered as one of the best strategies of sludge management. The current problem of lipid production from wastewater sludge is the low yield (0.10-0.16 g lipid/g dry sludge) due to the low availability of easily uptaken materials (such as soluble monosaccharide and oligosaccharide) in sludge to oleaginous microorganism (Rhodotorula glutinis, Trichosporon oleaginosus, Lipomyces starkeyi). Pretreatments are efficient methods to improve sludge bioavailability. This study is aimed to achieve high lipid production from sludge and high sludge reduction.
RESULTS
In this study, it was observed that the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) had significantly increased after different pretreatment. The SCOD in the supernatant was increased from 32.64 to 180.25 mg/L, 924.16 mg/L, 1029.89 mg/L and 3708.31 mg/L after acidic (pH 2 for 2 h), alkaline (pH 12 for 2 h), microwave irradiation (15 min with 5 min interval), and ultrasonication (30 min at 450 W and 20 kHz frequency with 5 s on and 2 s off mode) pretreatment, respectively. Pretreatments have also increased the release of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) from solids. The sludge after different pretreatments were used as a medium for lipid production, and the highest lipid content (36.67% g/g) was obtained in the fermentation with ultrasonication pretreatment sludge, and the sludge reduction was 63.10%. For other pretreatments, the lipid content and sludge reduction were 18.42% and 32.63% in acid pretreatment case, 21.08% and 36.44% in alkaline pretreatment case, and 26.31% and 43.03% in microwave pretreatment case, respectively.
CONCLUSION
It was found that ultrasonication pretreatment was the most efficient way to increase the sludge biodegradability (SCOD) and to release TN and TP from solid phase to liquid phase. Pretreated sludge for lipid production achieved significant improvement in lipid yield and sludge reduction. Lipids produced from pretreated sludge were transesterified to biodiesel and the analysis showed that biodiesel had a similar composition as commercial biodiesel. The study reveals that pretreatment on sludge is a promising method for enhancing biological sludge management efficiency.
PubMed: 33317613
DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01844-3 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021In the last decades, several plant-based materials were used for the substitution of fish meal and oil in aquaculture. The present study evaluated the fish quality and...
In the last decades, several plant-based materials were used for the substitution of fish meal and oil in aquaculture. The present study evaluated the fish quality and the sensory differences of rainbow trout () and pike-perch () from three different feeding groups, which were fed a commercially available industrial (standard) diet, a control diet, and a special microorganism-based feed mix. This feed mainly consisted of a mix made of and sp. and had 50% less fish meal and fish oil compared to typical control diets. At the beginning, the pike-perch population was six months old, and the rainbow trout population was 15 months old. The feeding study duration was 16 weeks and every four weeks the growth performance and several morphometric parameters were recorded. Afterwards, sensory evaluation took place to identify possible trends. Sensory evaluation revealed that the rainbow trout groups did not show any significant differences to the standard and control fish fillets with regard to odor, texture, and taste. The effects on rainbow trout growth performances and carcass parameters were similar to the standard group. The feed mix was not optimal for pike-perch farming, which was also reflected by significantly adversely affected growth performance and carcass parameters. The sensorial evaluation showed an opposite trend: here, only small differences in the fillets from the feed mix and standard/control diet were observed.
PubMed: 34441576
DOI: 10.3390/foods10081799 -
Microorganisms Jun 2022This work reports the effect of simple feeding strategies and temperature to obtain high-cell-density cultures of Rhodotorula glutinis var. rubescens LOCKR13 maximizing...
This work reports the effect of simple feeding strategies and temperature to obtain high-cell-density cultures of Rhodotorula glutinis var. rubescens LOCKR13 maximizing the de novo lipid productivity using deproteinated potato wastewater (DPW) as a basic medium. Feeding DPW with glucose enables a high yield of Rhodotorula glutinis var. rubescens LOCKR13 biomass (52 g d.w. L−1) to be obtained. The highest values of lipid accumulation (34.15%, w/w), production (14.68 g L−1) and yield coefficients (YL/S: 0.242 g g−1), and volumetric productivity (PL: 0.1 g L−1 h−1) were reached by the strain in the two-stage fed-batch process at 20 °C. The lipid of yeast biomass was rich in oleic acid (Δ9C18:1) and palmitic acid (C16:0), and the lower temperature of incubation significantly increased the MUFA (especially oleic acid) content. For the first time, a unique set of thermal analyses of the microbial oil was performed. The isotherms of the oxidation kinetics (PDSC) showed that lipids extracted from the biomass of red yeast had high oxidative stability. This feature of the yeast oil can be useful for long-shelf-life food products and can be promising for the production of biodiesel.
PubMed: 35744771
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061253 -
3 Biotech Feb 2013Rhodotorula glutinis CCY 20-2-26 when grown under controlled stress of either NaCl (1-5 %) or HO (1-5 mM) on basal media exhibited a twofold increase in its total...
Rhodotorula glutinis CCY 20-2-26 when grown under controlled stress of either NaCl (1-5 %) or HO (1-5 mM) on basal media exhibited a twofold increase in its total phenolic contents. The radical scavenging capacities (RSCs) as determined by ABTS test were found to be highest in 4 mM HO (1.44 mM TEAC mg) and 4 % NaCl (1.13 mM TEAC mg) as compared to control samples (0.41 mM TEAC mg). Similarly, the RSCs as determined by DPPH test were also highest in 4 % NaCl (1.83 mM TEAC mg) and 4 mM HO (1.78 mM TEAC mg) compared to control (0.48 TEAC mg). The relative RSCs from EPR spin-trapping assay for HO-stressed cultures were highest in 1 mM HO (56.1 μM TEAC g) whereas in NaCl-stressed cultures it was highest in 5 % NaCl (44.6 μM TEAC g) as compared to control (30.9 μM TEAC g). Five phenolic compounds (gallic acid, benzoic acid, catechin, caffeic acid and ferulic acid) were detected for the first time in R. glutinis CCY 20-2-26.
PubMed: 28324345
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-012-0069-1 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021Wheat grains are colonized by complex microbial communities that have the potential to affect seed quality and susceptibility to disease. Some of the beneficial microbes...
Wheat grains are colonized by complex microbial communities that have the potential to affect seed quality and susceptibility to disease. Some of the beneficial microbes in these communities have been shown to protect plants against pathogens through antagonism. We evaluated the role of the microbiome in seed health: in particular, against mycotoxin-producing fungi. Amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the seed microbiome and determine if epiphytes and endophytes differ in their fungal and bacterial diversity and community composition. We then isolated culturable fungal and bacterial species and evaluated their antagonistic activity against mycotoxigenic fungi. The most prevalent taxa were found to be shared between the epiphytic and endophytic microbiota of stored wheat seeds. Among the isolated bacteria, strains exhibited strong antagonistic properties against fungal pathogens with noteworthy fungal load reduction in wheat grain samples of up to a 3.59 log CFU/g compared to untreated controls. We also found that a strain of the yeast, , isolated from wheat grains, degrades and/or metabolizes aflatoxin B, one of the most dangerous mycotoxins that negatively affects physiological processes in animals and humans. The mycotoxin level in grain samples was significantly reduced up to 65% in the presence of the yeast strain, compared to the untreated control. Our study demonstrates that stored wheat grains are a rich source of bacterial and yeast antagonists with strong inhibitory and biodegradation potential against mycotoxigenic fungi and the mycotoxins they produce, respectively. Utilization of these antagonistic microorganisms may help reduce fungal and mycotoxin contamination, and potentially replace traditionally used synthetic chemicals.
PubMed: 34575819
DOI: 10.3390/jof7090781