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Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 2021We report a case of a young Caucasian female presenting with sudden decrease of vision in the left eye, metamorphopsia, and nasal scotoma. Past medical history revealed...
We report a case of a young Caucasian female presenting with sudden decrease of vision in the left eye, metamorphopsia, and nasal scotoma. Past medical history revealed a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, which was currently treated with azathioprine, pyridostigmine, and prednisone. Ophthalmological examination showed fundus with clear vitreous and yellow-white lesions that were isolated and perimacular in the right eye, multiple and confluent in the macula, and punctate in periphery in the left eye. Laboratory workup ruled out the presence of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Fundus autofluorescence disclosed hypoautoflurescence with hyperfluorescent margins corresponding to the lesions observed in both eyes and the angiogram revealed hyperfluorescence since early phases without late leakage. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed areas of intermittent retinal pigment epithelium elevations and disruption of the ellipsoid zone. She was diagnosed with punctate inner choroidopathy and then treated with an increased dose of daily prednisone, which resulted in progressive improvement of her visual acuity and anatomical status.
Topics: Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Tomography, Optical Coherence; White Dot Syndromes
PubMed: 33567007
DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.20210018 -
BMC Ophthalmology Apr 2022To examine an effect of intravitreally applied antibodies against epidermal growth factor family members, namely epiregulin, epigen and betacellulin, on ocular axial...
BACKGROUND
To examine an effect of intravitreally applied antibodies against epidermal growth factor family members, namely epiregulin, epigen and betacellulin, on ocular axial elongation.
METHODS
The experimental study included 30 guinea pigs (age:3-4 weeks) which underwent bilateral lens-induced myopization and received three intraocular injections of 20 µg of epiregulin antibody, epigen antibody and betacellulin antibody in weekly intervals into their right eyes, and of phosphate-buffered saline into their left eyes. Seven days after the last injection, the animals were sacrificed. Axial length was measured by sonographic biometry.
RESULTS
At baseline, right eyes and left eyes did not differ (all P > 0.10) in axial length in neither group, nor did the interocular difference in axial length vary between the groups (P = 0.19). During the study period, right and left eyes elongated (P < 0.001) from 8.08 ± 0.07 mm to 8.59 ± 0.06 mm and from 8.08 ± 0.07 mm to 8.66 ± 0.07 mm, respectively. The interocular difference (left eye minus right eye) in axial elongation increased significantly in all three groups (epiregulin-antibody:from 0.03 ± 0.06 mm at one week after baseline to 0.16 ± 0.08 mm at three weeks after baseline;P = 0.001); epigen-antibody group:from -0.01 ± 0.06 mm to 0.06 ± 0.08 mm;P = 0.02; betacellulin antibody group:from -0.05 ± 0.05 mm to 0.02 ± 0.04 mm;P = 0.004). Correspondingly, interocular difference in axial length increased from -0.02 ± 0.04 mm to 0.13 ± 0.06 mm in the epiregulin-antibody group (P < 0.001), and from 0.01 ± 0.05 mm to 0.07 ± 0.05 mm in the epigen-antibody group (P = 0.045). In the betacellulin-antibody group the increase (0.01 ± 0.04 mm to 0.03 ± 0.03 mm) was not significant (P = 0.24).
CONCLUSIONS
The EGF family members epiregulin, epigen and betacellulin may be associated with axial elongation in young guinea pigs, with the effect decreasing from epiregulin to epigen and to betacellulin.
Topics: Animals; Betacellulin; Epigen; Epiregulin; Eye; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Lens, Crystalline
PubMed: 35477375
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02417-8 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Nov 2023The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between peripheral defocus and pupil size on axial growth in children randomly assigned to wear either single...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between peripheral defocus and pupil size on axial growth in children randomly assigned to wear either single vision contact lenses, +1.50 diopter (D), or +2.50 D addition multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs).
METHODS
Children 7 to 11 years old with myopia (-0.75 to -5.00 D; spherical component) and ≤1.00 D astigmatism were enrolled. Autorefraction (horizontal meridian; right eye) was measured annually wearing contact lenses centrally and ±20 degrees, ±30 degrees, and ±40 degrees from the line of sight at near and distance. Photopic and mesopic pupil size were measured. The effects of peripheral defocus, treatment group, and pupil size on the 3-year change in axial length were modeled using multiple variables that evaluated defocus across the retina.
RESULTS
Although several peripheral defocus variables were associated with slower axial growth with MFCLs, they were either no longer significant or not meaningfully associated with eye growth after the treatment group was included in the model. The treatment group assignment better explained the slower eye growth with +2.50 MFCLs than peripheral defocus. Photopic and mesopic pupil size did not modify eye growth with the +2.50 MFCL (all P ≥ 0.37).
CONCLUSIONS
The optical signal causing slower axial elongation with +2.50 MFCLs is better explained by the lens type worn than by peripheral defocus. The signal might be something other than peripheral defocus, or there is not a linear dose-response relationship within treatment groups. We found no evidence to support pupil size as a criterion when deciding which myopic children to treat with MFCLs.
Topics: Humans; Child; Pupil; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; Astigmatism; Color Vision; Lens, Crystalline; Myopia
PubMed: 37910092
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.3 -
International Ophthalmology Mar 2023To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of Nocardia infection after ocular surface surgery.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of Nocardia infection after ocular surface surgery.
METHODS
This is a retrospective study. Eight cases of culture-proven Nocardia infection, which developed within 1 month after ocular surface surgery were included. Demographics and clinical history of patients were investigated.
RESULTS
There were 8 eyes (2 left and 6 right) of 8 patients (5 males and 3 females), aged 27-65, with a median age of 52.9 years. Three cases underwent pterygium excision, three were subjected to conjunctival flap covering, and two were treated with lamellar corneal transplantation. The time interval between previous surgery and the onset of symptoms varied from 7 to 28 days (mean = 20.5 ± 7.13 days). All the cases presented grey-white infiltrates at the surgical incision site while appearing with six corneal ulcers and two conjunctival ulcers. Filaments of Nocardia were founded by confocal microscopy in two of the five cases. All responded poorly to medical therapy. Seven of the eight cases were treated with reoperation. Nocardia infection recurred in three cases after reoperation, and one was eviscerated.
CONCLUSIONS
Surgical trauma is a risk factor for ocular Nocardia infection. Nocardia infection should be suspected when secondary infection occurs in a surgical incision with an atypical clinical presentation. The use of corticosteroids may influence the efficacy of drugs. Complete removal of lesions may lower the recurrence of Nocardia infection with poor drug treatment effects.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nocardia; Nocardia Infections; Retrospective Studies; Surgical Wound; Ulcer; Eye; Ophthalmology
PubMed: 36104589
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02500-5 -
Developmental Science Mar 2021From birth, infants prefer looking at faces over scrambled faces. This face input is important for the development of face processing: individuals who experienced early...
From birth, infants prefer looking at faces over scrambled faces. This face input is important for the development of face processing: individuals who experienced early visual deprivation due to congenital cataracts have long-lasting face processing deficits. Interestingly, the deficits are eye-specific such that left eye cataracts disrupt the development of face processing, whereas right eye cataracts do not. This raises the question of whether infant face preferences are driven primarily by faces observed through the left eye. To investigate this, we presented 3-month-old infants with intact faces paired with scrambled faces. Infants viewed the moving stimuli binocularly, only with their left eye, or only with their right eye. Infants viewing stimuli binocularly or with only the left eye spent significantly more time looking at intact faces than scrambled faces, but this effect was equivocal in infants viewing stimuli through only their right eye. Infants in the binocular group had the greatest preference for faces, and this preference was greater than the right eye group's preference for faces. The left eye group's preference for faces was not statistically different from the other two groups' preference for faces, but additional analyses revealed a correlation between preference for faces and age for the right eye group only, indicating that preference for faces seen with the right eye increase from 3 to 4 months of age. These results indicate that the left eye plays a special role in face processing at, or before 3 months of age, but a preference for faces through the right eye emerges soon after.
Topics: Eye; Humans; Infant
PubMed: 32772413
DOI: 10.1111/desc.13029 -
Clinical & Experimental Optometry Jan 2022: Since acne vulgaris is a disease of the sebaceous glands, it may have potential effects on the ocular surface and tear homoeostasis, which are essential for good...
: Since acne vulgaris is a disease of the sebaceous glands, it may have potential effects on the ocular surface and tear homoeostasis, which are essential for good vision. Optometrists should be aware of ocular surface pathologies when prescribing glasses or contact lenses for the visual rehabilitation of these young patients.: To evaluate the ocular surface features, meibomian glands, and tear parameters of patients with acne vulgaris.: The right eyes of 70 individuals (34 patients with acne vulgaris, 36 healthy volunteers) were evaluated. The tear break-up time of participants was measured, and the Schirmer test was performed. Then, to determine ocular surface characteristics, samples were taken from the conjunctiva for impression cytology. Finally, the loss rates of the upper and lower eyelid meibomian glands were determined by taking meibography (Sirius, CSO, Florence, Italy).: Tear break-up time was significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in respect of Nelson grade in the conjunctival impression cytology (p = 0.141). Grade 3 cytological changes were not observed in either group. The median value of the loss rate in the meibomian glands in the upper eyelid of patients with acne vulgaris was 19.10% (IQR: 18%), while it was 8.75% (IQR: 9.53%) in the control group (p = 0.001). The median value of the loss rate in the meibomian glands in the lower eyelid was 15.70% (IQR: 15.13%) and 7.70% (IQR: 6.53%) in the acne vulgaris and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001).: Our study shows that patients with acne vulgaris may have a predisposition to meibomian gland damage and tear instability. Therefore, we consider that a more detailed ophthalmologic examination should be performed in patients with acne vulgaris.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Conjunctiva; Dry Eye Syndromes; Humans; Meibomian Glands; Tears
PubMed: 33719904
DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1896336 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023Gaze estimation is an established research problem in computer vision. It has various applications in real life, from human-computer interactions to health care and...
Gaze estimation is an established research problem in computer vision. It has various applications in real life, from human-computer interactions to health care and virtual reality, making it more viable for the research community. Due to the significant success of deep learning techniques in other computer vision tasks-for example, image classification, object detection, object segmentation, and object tracking-deep learning-based gaze estimation has also received more attention in recent years. This paper uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) for person-specific gaze estimation. The person-specific gaze estimation utilizes a single model trained for one individual user, contrary to the commonly-used generalized models trained on multiple people's data. We utilized only low-quality images directly collected from a standard desktop webcam, so our method can be applied to any computer system equipped with such a camera without additional hardware requirements. First, we used the web camera to collect a dataset of face and eye images. Then, we tested different combinations of CNN parameters, including the learning and dropout rates. Our findings show that building a person-specific eye-tracking model produces better results with a selection of good hyperparameters when compared to universal models that are trained on multiple users' data. In particular, we achieved the best results for the left eye with 38.20 MAE (Mean Absolute Error) in pixels, the right eye with 36.01 MAE, both eyes combined with 51.18 MAE, and the whole face with 30.09 MAE, which is equivalent to approximately 1.45 degrees for the left eye, 1.37 degrees for the right eye, 1.98 degrees for both eyes combined, and 1.14 degrees for full-face images.
Topics: Humans; Neural Networks, Computer; Eye; Computer Systems; Virtual Reality
PubMed: 37112478
DOI: 10.3390/s23084138 -
Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie :... 2023Torpedo maculopathy is an incidental, congenital retinal lesion. The typical clinical finding is a unilateral, symmetric, oval, hypopigmented lesion in the...
AIM
Torpedo maculopathy is an incidental, congenital retinal lesion. The typical clinical finding is a unilateral, symmetric, oval, hypopigmented lesion in the inferotemporal macula. In most cases, the lesion is along the horizontal raphe, is torpedo-shaped, and the nasal edge is directed into the foveola. The diagnosis is determined on the basis of its characteristic shape, localization and findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT). The etiology and pathogenesis of torpedo maculopathy is unclear, but it is believed to be a congenital defect of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The aim of this publication is highlight this diagnosis and to present an incidental finding of torpedo maculopathy in an adult patient.
CASE REPORT
A 30-year-old female patient reported for a routine eye examination. Fundus examination of the right eye revealed an oval hypopigmented lesion with a size of 1 disk diameter inferotemporally from the fovea, which was followed by a satellite lesion in the same axis directed into the foveola. Based on OCT, OCT angiography, fundus autofluorescence, and the typical shape and location of the lesion, the patient was diagnosed with torpedo maculopathy in the right eye.
CONCLUSION
In general, torpedo maculopathy is an asymptomatic, congenital, benign retinal lesion, which is mostly diagnosed accidentally during a routine fundus examination. TM is non-progressive retinal finding with a minimal risk of deterioration of visual functions, which does not require any treatment. Nevertheless, due to the rare risk of a choroidal neovascular membrane, it is recommended to examine patients once a year. It is necessary to consider this diagnosis when a unilateral hypopigmented lesion is found inferotemporally from the fovea, and to distinguish it from chorioretinal atrophy, scar, vitelliform dystrophy, or other RPE lesions as part of the differential diagnosis.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Fluorescein Angiography; Retinal Diseases; Macular Degeneration; Retina; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 37993275
DOI: 10.31348/2023/31 -
BMC Ophthalmology Aug 2020Intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important physiological measure of the eye and is associated with some ocular disorders. We aimed to assess the influence of topical...
BACKGROUND
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important physiological measure of the eye and is associated with some ocular disorders. We aimed to assess the influence of topical beta blocker-induced IOP reduction on lens-induced axial elongation in young guinea pigs.
METHODS
The experimental study included 20 pigmented guinea pigs (age: 2-3 weeks). Myopia was induced in the right eyes for 5 weeks with - 10 diopter lenses. The right eyes additionally received either one drop of carteolol 2% (study group, n = 10) or one drop of artificial tears daily (control group, n = 10), while the contralateral eyes of all animals remained untouched. The outcome parameter was axial elongation during the follow-up period. The mean of all IOP measurements taken during the study was referred to as mean IOP.
RESULTS
Greater axial elongation was associated with a shorter axial length at baseline (P < 0.001; standardized regression coefficient beta: - 0.54) and lens-induced myopization (P < 0.001; beta: 0.55). In the multivariable model, axial elongation was not significantly correlated with the IOP at study end (P = 0.59), the mean IOP during the study period (P = 0.12), the mean of all IOP measurements (P = 0.17), the difference between the IOP at study end and baseline IOP (P = 0.38), the difference between the mean IOP during the study period and the baseline IOP (P = 0.11), or the application of carteolol eye drops versus artificial tears eye drops (P = 0.07). The univariate analysis of the relationships between axial elongation and the IOP parameters yielded similar results. The inter-eye difference between the right eye and the left eye in axial elongation was significantly associated with the inter-eye difference in baseline axial length (P = 0.001; beta:-0.67) but not significantly correlated with the inter-eye difference in any of the IOP-related parameters (all P > 0.25).
CONCLUSIONS
In young guinea pigs with or without lens-induced axial elongation, neither the physiological IOP nor the IOP reduced by carteolol, a topical beta-blocker, was associated with the magnitude of axial elongation. These results suggest that IOP, regardless of whether it is influenced by carteolol, does not play a major role in axial elongation in young guinea pigs.
Topics: Animals; Eye; Guinea Pigs; Intraocular Pressure; Lens, Crystalline; Myopia; Tonometry, Ocular
PubMed: 32842961
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01610-x -
BMC Ophthalmology Oct 2022Total aniridia after ocular trauma without disruption of the intraocular lens (IOL) has been reported in patients with a history of small-incisional cataract surgery. We...
BACKGROUND
Total aniridia after ocular trauma without disruption of the intraocular lens (IOL) has been reported in patients with a history of small-incisional cataract surgery. We report one case each of total and partial aniridia after accidental falls experienced by two elderly Japanese women.
CASE PRESENTATIONS
Case 1. A 76-year-old woman with a history of small-incisional cataract surgery more than 10 years previously fell onto concrete and had a contusion that affected the left side of her face. At the initial visit, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was hand motions and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was 38 mmHg in her left eye (OS). A blood clot was present in the well-formed anterior chamber and expulsed iris tissue was seen beneath the conjunctiva. Exploratory surgery showed no scleral laceration other than the previous sclerocorneal tunnel. After hyphema removal, total aniridia and an intact in-the-bag fixed IOL were seen. By 4 months, the BCVA was 1.2 and the IOP was 13 mmHg OS.
CASE 2
An 88-year-old woman with a history of small-incisional cataract surgery more than 10 years previously had a fall that resulted in right-sided zygomatic and maxillary bone fractures. The BCVA was light perception and the IOP was 29 mmHg in her right eye (OD). Exploratory surgery showed no scleral laceration and the previous sclerocorneal tunnel was found; iris strand prolapsing from the sclerocorneal tunnel was seen. After hyphema removal, partial iris loss and an intact lens position were seen. By 1 week postoperatively, the BCVA was 0.05 OD and the IOP was 12 mmHg OD.
CONCLUSIONS
It has been postulated that previously created small-incision tunnels can function as release valves during blunt trauma by preventing further global rupture and limiting IOL prolapse or retinal injury. Our cases suggested this can happen even long periods after cataract surgery. The case with partial aniridia demonstrated the process of the expulsive aniridia, and its findings do not contradict the postulated mechanisms.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aniridia; Cataract; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Eye Injuries; Female; Humans; Hyphema; Iris; Iris Diseases; Lacerations; Lenses, Intraocular
PubMed: 36183072
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02615-4