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American Journal of Respiratory and... Oct 2020
Topics: Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension; Female; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Male; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Pulmonary Artery; Ventricular Function, Right
PubMed: 32640166
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202006-2147ED -
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Dec 2020
Topics: Cardiotoxicity; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Myocardium; Neoplasms
PubMed: 30771160
DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01602-5 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Heart Ventricles; Predictive Value of Tests; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; Echocardiography; Clinical Decision-Making; Myocarditis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 36599568
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.10.016 -
Cells Feb 2024Cardiac fibrosis is a key aspect of heart failure, leading to reduced ventricular compliance and impaired electrical conduction in the myocardium. Various...
Cardiac fibrosis is a key aspect of heart failure, leading to reduced ventricular compliance and impaired electrical conduction in the myocardium. Various pathophysiologic conditions can lead to fibrosis in the left ventricle (LV) and/or right ventricle (RV). Despite growing evidence to support the transcriptomic heterogeneity of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in healthy and diseased states, there have been no direct comparisons of CFs in the LV and RV. Given the distinct natures of the ventricles, we hypothesized that LV- and RV-derived CFs would display baseline transcriptomic differences that influence their proliferation and differentiation following injury. Bulk RNA sequencing of CFs isolated from healthy murine left and right ventricles indicated that LV-derived CFs may be further along the myofibroblast transdifferentiation trajectory than cells isolated from the RV. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of the two populations confirmed that + CFs were more enriched in the LV, whereas + CFs were enriched in the RV at baseline. Notably, following pressure overload injury, the LV developed a larger subpopulation of pro-fibrotic +/+ injury-induced CFs, while the RV showed a unique expansion of two less-well-characterized CF subpopulations (+ and +). These findings demonstrate that LV- and RV-derived CFs display baseline subpopulation differences that may dictate their diverging responses to pressure overload injury. Further study of these subpopulations will elucidate their role in the development of fibrosis and inform on whether LV and RV fibrosis require distinct treatments.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Heart Ventricles; Heart; Gene Expression Profiling; Fibroblasts; Fibrosis
PubMed: 38391940
DOI: 10.3390/cells13040327 -
Experimental Physiology Aug 2013Hypoxia causes pulmonary vasoconstriction. Regional hypoxic vasoconstriction improves the matching of perfusion to alveolar ventilation. Global hypoxic vasoconstriction... (Review)
Review
Hypoxia causes pulmonary vasoconstriction. Regional hypoxic vasoconstriction improves the matching of perfusion to alveolar ventilation. Global hypoxic vasoconstriction increases right ventricular afterload. The hypoxic pulmonary pressor response is universal in mammals and in birds, but with considerable interspecies and interindividual variability. Chronic hypoxia induces pulmonary hypertension in proportion to initial vasoconstriction. Prolonged hypoxic exposure is also associated with an increase in red blood cell mass, which aggravates pulmonary hypertension by an increase in blood viscosity. Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in humans is usually mild to moderate, but pulmonary vascular pressure-flow relationships are steep, which corresponds to a substantial afterload on the right ventricle during exercise. A partial recovery of 10-25% of the hypoxia-induced decrease in maximal oxygen uptake has been reported with intake-specific pulmonary vasodilating interventions. Hypoxia has been reported to decrease myocardial fibre contractility in vitro. However, the acutely hypoxic right ventricle remains able to preserve the coupling of its contractility to increased afterload in intact animals. Echocardiographic studies of the right ventricle in healthy hypoxic human subjects show altered diastolic function, but systolic function that is preserved or even increased acutely and slightly depressed chronically. These findings are more pronounced in patients with chronic mountain sickness. Their clinical significance remains incompletely understood. Almost no imaging studies of right ventricular function have been reported in a minority of subjects who develop severe pulmonary hypertension and clinical right ventricular failure in hypoxia. No imaging studies of right ventricular function during hypoxic exercise in normal subjects are yet available. Thus, while it is plausible that the right ventricle limits exercise capacity in hypoxia, this still needs to be firmly established.
Topics: Altitude Sickness; Animals; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypoxia; Ventricular Function, Right
PubMed: 23625956
DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.069112 -
American Journal of Physiology. Heart... Dec 2018The Fontan procedure, which creates a total cavopulmonary anastomosis and represents the final stage of palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome, generates a... (Review)
Review
The Fontan procedure, which creates a total cavopulmonary anastomosis and represents the final stage of palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome, generates a unique circulation relying on a functionally single right ventricle (RV). The RV pumps blood in series around the systemic and pulmonary circulation, which requires adaptations to the abnormal volume and pressure loads. Here, we provide a complete review of RV adaptations as the RV assumes the role of the systemic ventricle, the progression of RV dysfunction to a distinct pattern of heart failure unique to this disease process, and the assessment and management strategies used to protect and rehabilitate the failing RV of Fontan circulation.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Fontan Procedure; Heart Ventricles; Hemodynamics; Humans; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 30239235
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00336.2018 -
Cardiology Journal 2010Double chambered is a term that has been used to describe the subdivision of a ventricle as a result of anomalous septum or muscle bundle. Subdivision of the left...
Double chambered is a term that has been used to describe the subdivision of a ventricle as a result of anomalous septum or muscle bundle. Subdivision of the left ventricular cavity is a rare cardiac anomaly compared to subdivision of the right ventricle. This case features a double chambered right ventricle and a rare double chambered left ventricle at the same time.
Topics: Adult; Echocardiography, Doppler; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male
PubMed: 20535723
DOI: No ID Found -
Pharmacology & Therapeutics Apr 2023Right ventricular fibrosis is a stress response, predominantly mediated by cardiac fibroblasts. This cell population is sensitive to increased levels of pro-inflammatory... (Review)
Review
Right ventricular fibrosis is a stress response, predominantly mediated by cardiac fibroblasts. This cell population is sensitive to increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-fibrotic growth factors and mechanical stimulation. Activation of fibroblasts results in the induction of various molecular signaling pathways, most notably the mitogen-activated protein kinase cassettes, leading to increased synthesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. While fibrosis confers structural protection in response to damage induced by ischemia or (pressure and volume) overload, it simultaneously contributes to increased myocardial stiffness and right ventricular dysfunction. Here, we review state-of-the-art knowledge of the development of right ventricular fibrosis in response to pressure overload and provide an overview of all published preclinical and clinical studies in which right ventricular fibrosis was targeted to improve cardiac function.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Myocardium; Fibrosis; Heart Failure; Heart Ventricles; Fibroblasts; Ventricular Remodeling; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 36940790
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108389 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Oct 2021
Topics: Echocardiography; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency
PubMed: 34709297
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210744 -
Current Cardiology Reviews Feb 2013Despite ample evidence that right ventricular function is a critical determinant of the clinical response to a spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, there has been only a... (Review)
Review
Despite ample evidence that right ventricular function is a critical determinant of the clinical response to a spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, there has been only a limited analysis of the unique and distinguishing physiologic properties of the RV under normal circumstances and in response to pathologic insults. This knowledge deficit is increasingly acknowledged. This review highlights some of these features and underscores the fact that rational therapy in RV failure needs to acknowledge its unique physiology and ought to be chamber specific. That is proven therapies for LV dysfunction do not necessarily apply to the RV. The updated version of this review now acknowledges recent advances in the understanding of metabolic, inflammatory and gender-specific influences on the right ventricle.
Topics: Heart Ventricles; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Sex Factors; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right; Ventricular Function, Right
PubMed: 23092273
DOI: 10.2174/157340313805076296