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Eating and Weight Disorders : EWD Apr 2022General and eating disorder (ED)-specific ruminations have been identified as key factors that may contribute to eating pathology. Positive beliefs about rumination...
PURPOSE
General and eating disorder (ED)-specific ruminations have been identified as key factors that may contribute to eating pathology. Positive beliefs about rumination (e.g., "Ruminating helps me to prevent future mistakes") may impact this association. However, the effect of positive beliefs about rumination on the links between rumination and ED symptom severity has not been investigated. This study sought to clarify relations between rumination and ED symptom severity and to evaluate the potential moderating effect of positive beliefs about rumination on these associations.
METHODS
During a laboratory visit, undergraduate participants (N = 473, M = 18.90 ± 2.27, M = 23.45 kg/m ± 4.31, 54.8% female) completed an online battery of questionnaires assessing general and ED-specific ruminative processes (e.g., brooding, reflection), positive beliefs about rumination, and global ED symptoms. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses assessed the unique contributions of specific ruminative processes, and the moderating effect of positive beliefs on associations between ruminative processes and ED symptom severity.
RESULTS
Hierarchical multiple regression results suggest that, after controlling for gender and BMI, ED-specific brooding, b = 1.32, SE = 0.13, β = 0.46, p < 0.0001, and reflection, b = 1.44, SE = 0.33, β = 0.19, p < 0.0001, accounted for unique variance in ED symptom severity. Moderation model results indicate that, at low levels of general reflection, b = - 0.06, SE = 0.02, β = - 0.51, p = 0.003, and ED-specific reflection, b = - 0.15, SE = 0.03, β = - 0.59, p < 0.0001, increased positive beliefs about rumination were associated with greater ED symptom severity.
CONCLUSION
Findings suggest ED-specific rumination accounts for ED symptom severity above and beyond general rumination, and that rumination-related expectancies influence the association between reflection and ED symptom severity.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level III, evidence obtained from a well-designed cohort study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cohort Studies; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 34097284
DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01209-1 -
Revista de Gastroenterologia de Mexico... 2021Rumination syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by effortless postprandial regurgitation of ingested food into the mouth. An unperceived... (Review)
Review
Rumination syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by effortless postprandial regurgitation of ingested food into the mouth. An unperceived postprandial contraction of the abdominal wall could be a key mechanism. In those patients, retrograde flow of the ingested gastric content into the mouth is produced due to a simultaneous combination of elevated intra-abdominal pressure and negative intrathoracic pressure. The estimated prevalence is around 2% in the general adult population. The main clinical characteristics include: a) early postprandial regurgitation, b) the effortlessly regurgitated material is similar to the ingested food, c) the regurgitated material is spit out or swallowed again. The clinical diagnosis of rumination syndrome relies on the clinical criteria. High resolution esophageal manometry, ideally including impedance monitoring, can be an important adjunct for making the clinical diagnosis. Its management is based on instruction as to the nature of the pathology, education in postprandial diaphragmatic breathing, and the assessment of possible psychiatric comorbidity. Baclofen use is reserved for second-line treatment in patients with refractory symptoms.
PubMed: 33602544
DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2020.11.001 -
BMJ Open Nov 2018Mindfulness is one of the potential alternative interventions for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Some evidence suggests that mindfulness...
INTRODUCTION
Mindfulness is one of the potential alternative interventions for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Some evidence suggests that mindfulness is related to changes in brain regions associated with ADHD. The potential benefits of mindfulness on children with ADHD, as well as the feasibility of this intervention approach, are warranted through prior local and foreign studies. This study aims to evaluate the effect of mindfulness-based group intervention for children with ADHD and their respective parents through a robust research design.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
This study will adopt a randomised controlled trial design including 140 children aged 8-12 years with ADHD together with one of their parents (n=140). These families will be randomised into intervention group (n=70) who will be offered the MYmind programme delivered by trained healthcare professionals, and an active control group (n=70) who will be offered the CBT programme. The intervention includes 8 weekly 90 min group sessions for children with ADHD (aged 8-12 years) and their respective parents. The primary and secondary outcomes will include children's attention, ADHD-related symptoms, behaviours, executive function and mindfulness levels measured by validated objective measures and parent's reported instruments. Parents' parental stress, parenting styles, ADHD related symptoms, well-being, rumination level and mindfulness levels will also be measured. Analysis is by intention to treat. The effects of intervention will be evaluated by comparing outcomes between the two arms, as well as comparing outcomes within subject through comparing measurements at baseline (T0), immediately after the 8 week intervention (T1) and at 3 (T2) and 6 (T3) months postintervention.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
Ethics approval has been granted by the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong - New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee (The Joint CUHK-NTEC CREC). Participants will be required to sign informed consent form from both parents and children. Findings will be reported in conferences and peer-reviewed publications in accordance with recommendations of Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ChiCTR1800014741; Pre-results.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Executive Function; Mindfulness; Parenting; Parents; Rumination, Cognitive; Single-Blind Method; Stress, Psychological; Treatment Outcome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 30420347
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022514 -
Clinical Psychology in Europe Dec 2022Comorbidity between major depressive disorder (MDD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent but reasons for this association are unclear. Rumination may...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Comorbidity between major depressive disorder (MDD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent but reasons for this association are unclear. Rumination may activate metacognitive beliefs that contribute to the development and maintenance of rumination and depression. Negative metacognitions can further lead to other dysfunctional coping strategies (i.e., consumption of alcohol). We examined whether alcohol reduces (state) metacognitions, rumination and other disorder-specific processes in a group of individuals suffering from MDD.
METHOD
In an experiment with three randomized conditions we investigated whether the consumption of alcohol, placebo or no alcohol (orange juice) affects (meta-)cognitions, depressive symptoms and / or psychophysiological variables while participants ruminate.
RESULTS
Voluntary rumination increased self-reported sadness, tension and rumination, tensed facial muscles and increased heart rate, but did not affect (state) metacognitions and heart rate variability. The consumption of alcohol did not influence rumination, metacognitions, depressive or psychophysiological measures.
LIMITATIONS
We recruited a depressed population but excluded pathological alcohol use due to ethical considerations.
CONCLUSIONS
We found no evidence that alcohol consumption affects rumination, metacognitions and other disorder-specific processes in MDD. However, rumination had a negative effect on various depression-specific processes, although it did not activate (negative state) metacognitions.
PubMed: 36762347
DOI: 10.32872/cpe.5615 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Feb 2022While many clinical studies and overviews on the contribution of rumination to depression exist, relatively little information regarding the role of mind wandering (MW)... (Review)
Review
While many clinical studies and overviews on the contribution of rumination to depression exist, relatively little information regarding the role of mind wandering (MW) in general is available. Therefore, it remains an open question whether patterns of MW are altered in depression and, if so, how these alterations are related to rumination. Here, we review and discuss studies investigating MW in cohorts, showing either a clinically significant depression or with clinically significant disorders accompanied by depressive symptoms. These studies yield first tentative insights into major issues. However, further investigations are required, specifically studies which: i) compare patients with a primary diagnosis of major depression with healthy and appropriately matched controls, ii) implement measures of both MW and rumination, iii) are based on experience sampling (in combination with other key approaches), iv) compare experience sampling during daily life, resting state and attentional tasks, v) explore possible biases in the assessment of MW, vi) acquire data not only related to the propensity and contents of MW, but also regarding meta-awareness and intentionality.
Topics: Attention; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Ecological Momentary Assessment; Humans
PubMed: 34929225
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.028 -
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2019The interrelationship between mood disorders and borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been long debated in the literature. Increasing attention has also been paid...
The interrelationship between mood disorders and borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been long debated in the literature. Increasing attention has also been paid to the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and BPD, as well as to the role of rumination in the development and severity of BPD. This study aims to evaluate the association of rumination, PTSD, and mood spectrum among patients with BPD with or without comorbid mood disorders. Fifty patients with BPD and 69 healthy controls were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for the 5, Mood Spectrum Self-Report (MOODS-SR), and Ruminative Response Scale (RRS). The BPD group was split into subjects with BPD+ mood disorder (MD) or BPD only) . PTSD-criteria fulfillment, MOODS, and RRS scores were significantly higher in both BPD subgroups than in controls, while BPD+MD patients scored significantly higher than the BPD-only group. RRS scores and PTSD-criteria fulfillment were significantly related to the presence of both BPD and BPD+MD, with no effect of MOODS-SR scores. Our findings confirm the presence of a relationship between BPD and the PTSD spectrum, highlighting also a possible role of rumination in BPD psychopathology. Rumination and PTSD symptoms seem to prevail in the effect of mood spectrum in predicting BPD.
PubMed: 31190829
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S198616 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Feb 2023Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) engage in both negative and positive rumination, defined as maladaptive self-focused thinking, and this tendency predicts depressive...
BACKGROUND
Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) engage in both negative and positive rumination, defined as maladaptive self-focused thinking, and this tendency predicts depressive and manic episodes, respectively. Prior research in patients with major depression implicates regions of the default mode network (DMN) consistent with the self-focused nature of rumination. Little is known about the neural correlates of rumination in bipolar disorder.
METHODS
Fifteen euthymic patients with BD (twelve with Type I) and 17 healthy controls (HC) performed negative and positive rumination induction tasks, as well as a distraction task, followed by a self-related trait judgment task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants also underwent resting state scans. We examined functional connectivity at rest and during the induction tasks, as well as task-based activation during the trait judgment task, in core regions of the DMN.
RESULTS
Compared to HC, patients with BD showed greater functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) at rest and during positive rumination, compared to distraction. They also showed greater activity in the PCC and MPFC during processing of positive traits, following positive rumination. At rest and during negative rumination compared to distraction, patients with BD showed greater functional connectivity between the PCC and inferior parietal lobule than HC.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate that negative and positive rumination are subserved by different patterns of connectivity within the DMN in BD. Additionally, the PCC and MPFC are key regions involved in the processing of positive self-relevant traits following positive rumination.
Topics: Humans; Bipolar Disorder; Brain Mapping; Default Mode Network; Neural Pathways; Depressive Disorder, Major; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain
PubMed: 36503047
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.014 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2021This study examined the long-term effects of the Wenchuan earthquake among adult survivors. Specifically, it explored the role of perceived social support (PSS) in the...
This study examined the long-term effects of the Wenchuan earthquake among adult survivors. Specifically, it explored the role of perceived social support (PSS) in the relationship between rumination and posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Data were collected from March to July 2020 using a youth survivor sample ( = 476) of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Participants were divided into three groups depending on their age when the quake occurred: 6-11 years ( = 227), 12-15 years ( = 83), 16-19 years ( = 166). The results indicated that long-term PTG and PTSD symptom levels varied by age group. Both intrusive and deliberate ruminations had a significant effect on PTG as well as PTSD symptoms. PSS played a mediating role between rumination and PTG, and the mediation mechanisms varied by age group (developmental stages). Moderated analyses revealed that PSS from significant others significantly buffered the indirect effect of rumination on PTSD symptoms. Our findings demonstrated the universal nature of traumatic events encountered during childhood and adolescence development and underscore the importance of examining the developmental context of PTG in investigations on traumatic experiences and their consequences.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Earthquakes; Humans; Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological; Social Support; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Survivors
PubMed: 35059376
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.764127 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Dec 2021Rumination syndrome is a functional gastroduodenal disorder characterised by effortless regurgitation of recently ingested food. Emerging evidence reports duodenal...
BACKGROUND
Rumination syndrome is a functional gastroduodenal disorder characterised by effortless regurgitation of recently ingested food. Emerging evidence reports duodenal eosinophilic inflammation in a subset, suggesting a shared pathophysiology with functional dyspepsia (FD).
AIM
To assess the clinical features of rumination syndrome and FD in a community-based study.
METHODS
We mailed a survey assessing gastrointestinal symptoms, diet and psychological symptoms to 9835 residents of Olmsted County, MN, USA in 2017-2018; diagnostic codes were obtained from linked clinical records. The two disorders were assessed as mutually exclusive in 'pure' forms with a separate overlap group, all compared to a control group not meeting criteria for either. Prevalence of associations, and univariate and independent associations with predictors were assessed by logistic regression.
RESULTS
Prevalence of rumination syndrome and FD were 5.8% and 7.1%, respectively; the overlap was 3.83-times more likely than expected by chance. Independent predictors for rumination (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI)) were female gender (1.79, 1.21-2.63), smoking (1.89, 1.28-2.78), gluten-free diet (1.58, 1.14-2.19), allergic rhinitis (1.45, 1.01-2.08) and depression (1.10, 1.05-1.16). FD was independently associated with female gender, depression, non-coeliac wheat sensitivity, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome and somatic symptoms. A similar reported efficacy (≥54%) of low fat or dairy-free diets was found with both disorders (P = 0.53 and P = 1.00, respectively). The strongest independent associations with overlapping FD and rumination syndrome were a history of rheumatoid arthritis (3.93, 1.28-12.06) and asthma (3.02, 1.44-6.34).
CONCLUSION
Rumination syndrome overlaps with FD with a shared risk factor profile, suggesting a common pathophysiology.
Topics: Diet, Gluten-Free; Dyspepsia; Female; Humans; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Rumination Syndrome
PubMed: 34626489
DOI: 10.1111/apt.16630 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Dec 2017Supragastric belching is the most important factor in the etiology of excessive belching complaints. Supragastric belching is a belching disorder with a behavioral... (Review)
Review
Supragastric belching is the most important factor in the etiology of excessive belching complaints. Supragastric belching is a belching disorder with a behavioral origin. The standard diagnosis is made by monitoring the esophageal impedance. Supragastric belching has been shown to be associated with globus, as well as reflux symptoms in proton pump inhibitor non-responders in gastroesophageal reflux disease; however, the pathophysiology of supragastric belching in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease or functional dyspepsia has not been clarified. Patient education with behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice in isolated supragastric belching. On the other hand, the best management of supragastric belching associated with globus, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and dyspepsia remains to be studied.
Topics: Animals; Behavior; Electric Impedance; Eructation; Esophagus; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Rumination, Digestive
PubMed: 29277088
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2017.70.6.273