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Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Nov 2012To evaluate the associations between indices of caregiving strain, ruminative style, depressive symptoms, and gender among family members of patients with bipolar...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the associations between indices of caregiving strain, ruminative style, depressive symptoms, and gender among family members of patients with bipolar disorder.
METHOD
One hundred and fifty primary caregivers of patients enrolled in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) participated in a cross-sectional study to evaluate the role of ruminative style in maintaining depressive symptoms associated with caregiving strain. Patient lifetime diagnosis and current episode status were evaluated by the Affective Disorder Evaluation and the Clinical Monitoring Form. Caregivers were evaluated within 30 days of the patient on measures of family strain, depressive symptoms, and ruminative style.
RESULTS
Men and women did not differ on depression, caregiver strain, or ruminative style scores. Scores suggest an overall mild level of depression and moderate caregiver strain for the sample. Greater caregiver strain was significantly associated (P<0.05) with rumination and level of depressive symptoms, controlling for patient clinical status and demographic variables. Rumination reduced the apparent association between strain and depression by nearly half. Gender was not significantly associated with depression or rumination.
CONCLUSION
Rumination helps explain depressive symptoms experienced by both male and female caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder. Interventions for caregivers targeted at decreasing rumination should be considered.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bipolar Disorder; Caregivers; Cost of Illness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Family; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Factors
PubMed: 22607486
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01874.x -
Psychology Research and Behavior... 2024The Russo-Ukrainian War has resulted in massive social, economic, and psychological burdens worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the associations between time...
Association Between the Time Spent on and Sources of the News of Russo-Ukrainian War and Psychological Distress Among Individuals in Poland and Ukraine: The Mediating Effect of Rumination.
BACKGROUND
The Russo-Ukrainian War has resulted in massive social, economic, and psychological burdens worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the associations between time spent on the war-related news and psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the mediating effects of rumination on the associations in people residing in Poland and Ukraine.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study recruited 1438 internet users in Poland and Ukraine, and collected data on levels of rumination, psychological distress, and the amount of time spent on and sources of the news of the Russo-Ukrainian War. Structural equation modeling with bootstrapping methods was used to evaluate the mediation effect. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify predictive effect of the source of the war-related news on psychological distress and rumination.
RESULTS
The results showed a mediating effect of rumination on the association between the amount of time spent on the war-related news and psychological distress among participants in Poland (β = 0.16, p < 0.001) and Ukraine (β = 0.15, p < 0.001). Approaching the news from television was associated with rumination (β = 0.607, p < 0.001) and PTSD symptoms in Poland (β = 2.475, p = 0.009), while approaching news from the internet was associated with rumination in Poland (β = 0.616, p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The study identified the mediating effect of rumination and the associations of approaching the war-related news from television and the internet with mental health.
PubMed: 38716257
DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S457046 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Aug 2014This study examines differences in the prevalence and nature of co-rumination during real-world social interactions with peers and parents among adolescents with major...
OBJECTIVE
This study examines differences in the prevalence and nature of co-rumination during real-world social interactions with peers and parents among adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to healthy controls.
METHOD
A total of 60 youth (29 with current MDD and 31 controls without psychopathology) completed a self-report measure of co-rumination and a 3-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol that measured the nature of face-to-face social interactions with peers and parents after a negative event in the adolescents' daily lives. Specifically, EMA was used to assess rates of problem talk, including both co-rumination and co-problem solving. Group differences in self-report and EMA measures were examined.
RESULTS
Adolescents with MDD reported co-ruminating more often than adolescents with no Axis 1 disorders during daily interactions with both parents (Cohen's d = 0.78) and peers (d = 1.14), and also reported more co-rumination via questionnaire (d = 0.58). Adolescents with MDD engaged in co-problem solving with peers less often than did healthy controls (d = 0.78), but no group differences were found for rates of co-problem solving with parents.
CONCLUSIONS
Results are consistent with previous research linking co-rumination and depression in adolescence and extend these self-report-based findings to assessment in an ecologically valid context. Importantly, the results support that MDD youth tend to co-ruminate more and to problem-solve less with peers in their daily lives compared to healthy youth, and that co-rumination also extends to parental relationships. Interventions focused on decreasing co-rumination with peers and parents and improving problem-solving skills with peers may be helpful for preventing and treating adolescent depression.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Parent-Child Relations; Peer Group; Problem Solving; Psychological Techniques; Self Report; Self-Assessment; Thinking
PubMed: 25062594
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.05.004 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2021To explore the relationship between negative affect, mind-wandering, rumination and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, 100 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and...
To explore the relationship between negative affect, mind-wandering, rumination and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, 100 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and 100 healthy controls were assessed using the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Mind Wandering Scale and the Ruminative Response Scale. The results show that (i) patients diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder displayed higher obsessive-compulsive symptoms, negative affect, mind-wandering and rumination compared with healthy controls; (ii) negative affect, mind-wandering and rumination were positively correlated with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms; (iii) mind-wandering predicted the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (both directly and indirectly); (iv) rumination and negative affect mediated the relationship between mind-wandering and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The results preliminarily reveal the relationship between mind-wandering and psychopathological obsessive-compulsive symptoms, providing a reference for exploring novel psychological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
PubMed: 34721118
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.755159 -
Journal of Gambling Studies Sep 2023Gambling disorder is characterized by a behavioural pattern of dysfunctional gambling that persists despite its negative implications in different areas of people's...
Gambling disorder is characterized by a behavioural pattern of dysfunctional gambling that persists despite its negative implications in different areas of people's daily life. One of the most negatively affected areas is the one related to family members. This study aimed, firstly, to study the differences between family members of people with gambling disorder and a general population sample in anger (state, trait, expression-out, expression-in. control-out and control-in), rumination (brooding, reflection and total), and anxiety and depression. The second aim was to analyse the correlation between these variables in the family members of people with gambling disorder, and thirdly, to analyse the mediating role of rumination between anger, anxiety and depression. This study consisted of 170 people, of whom 87 were family members of people with a gambling disorder, and 83 were from the general population. Instruments measuring anger, anxiety, depression, and ruminative responses were administered. Results showed that family members had significantly higher scores in anger (state), depression, anxiety, rumination (total and brooding). Also, results showed that anger correlated positively and significantly with rumination, depression and anxiety, which also correlated positively and significantly with each other. Third, rumination mediated the relationship between the following variables: anger (state) and depression; anger (trait) and anxiety and depression; anger (external expression) and anxiety and depression. A complete mediating effect was found in the latter case and a partial mediating effect in the first two cases. In conclusion, it is found that having a family member with a gambling disorder may increase levels of anger, anxiety, depression and rumination. Furthermore, it is shown that working on rumination may reduce depression and anxiety in family members of gamblers.
Topics: Humans; Gambling; Depression; Anxiety; Anger; Family
PubMed: 36572842
DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10178-8 -
Translational Psychiatry Jan 2018Corticotropin-releasing factor signaling through CRF receptor type 1 (CRF) has been shown to contribute to learning and memory function. A haplotype of alleles T-A-T in... (Review)
Review
Corticotropin-releasing factor signaling through CRF receptor type 1 (CRF) has been shown to contribute to learning and memory function. A haplotype of alleles T-A-T in a set of common polymorphisms in the gene encoding for CRF (CRHR1) has been associated with both depression vulnerability and alterations in cognitive functioning. The present study investigated the relations between the TAT haplotype and specific symptoms of depression, self-reported ruminative behaviors, and neuropsychological performance on a learning and memory task. Participants were adults with major depression with and without psychotic features (N = 406). Associations were examined between TAT haplotype and endorsement of depression symptoms from diagnostic interviews, scores on the rumination response scale (RRS), and verbal memory performance on the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II). All analyses included depression subtype, age, and sex as covariates; CVLT-II analyses also included evening cortisol levels. Across the entire sample, carriers of more copies of the TAT haplotype reported greater endorsement of the symptom describing difficulty concentrating and making decisions. In separate subsamples, TAT homozygotes had higher rumination scores on the RRS, both brooding and reflection subscales, and more TAT copies were associated with poorer CVLT-II performance in both total learning and free recall trials. These data demonstrate that the CRHR1 TAT haplotype is associated with cognitive features of depression including difficulty with decision-making, higher rumination, and poorer learning and memory. It will be important in future research to identify the specific molecular mechanisms for CRF signaling that contribute to depression-related cognitive dysfunction.
Topics: Cognition; Depressive Disorder, Major; Haplotypes; Humans; Memory and Learning Tests; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
PubMed: 29317606
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0051-0 -
Research on Child and Adolescent... Nov 2021According to cognitive models of social anxiety disorder (SAD), both anticipatory processing and post-event processing are core mechanisms in disorder maintenance...
According to cognitive models of social anxiety disorder (SAD), both anticipatory processing and post-event processing are core mechanisms in disorder maintenance leading to dysfunctional coping with social situations through negative self-evaluation and increased anxiety. To date, little is known about these processes during late childhood, a critical period for disorder development. Further, it remains unclear if dysfunctional rumination in children can be altered through psychotherapeutic interventions such as cognitive distraction. In the current study, children aged 9 to 13 years with SAD and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs, each: n = 30) participated in an experimental laboratory social stress task while anticipatory processing, post-event processing, subjective anxiety, self-evaluations, and autonomic arousal (skin conductance level) were assessed. Further, the impact of a brief cognitive distraction intervention on post-event processing was assessed. Children with SAD reported more negative anticipatory and post-event processing compared to HC children. Further, negative anticipatory processing was associated with higher subjective anxiety and reduced subjective performance ratings during the social stress task. In the aftermath of the stressor, distraction led to reduced subjective anxiety in the group with SAD and lower autonomic arousal in all children but did not alter post-event processing. The current study suggests that both anticipatory and post-event processing already play a key role in the maintenance of SAD in childhood. While distraction may be beneficial in reducing prolonged subjective anxiety and autonomic arousal after social situations, more research on interventions targeting ruminative processes is needed.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Child; Cognition; Humans; Phobia, Social; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 34143352
DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00837-6 -
BMC Public Health May 2023Previous research has indicated that anger and aggression may be elevated in adolescents with a bulimia nervosa (BN) diagnosis. However, as yet, little is known about...
BACKGROUND
Previous research has indicated that anger and aggression may be elevated in adolescents with a bulimia nervosa (BN) diagnosis. However, as yet, little is known about whether bulimia symptoms are linked to anger and aggression in adolescents in the general population. To address this deficit this study aimed to explore the associations between a clinical level of bulimia symptoms (CLBS) and anger, anger rumination and aggression in community-based adolescents, and determine whether gender is important in this context.
METHODS
This study was conducted on a representative sample of youth from northwestern Russia (n = 2613, age 13-17 years old, 59.5% female) using self-report scales. A proxy variable for a CLBS was created using the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale. Aggression, anger and anger rumination were assessed by the Trait Anger Scale of the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Anger Rumination Scale, and scales created to assess physically and verbally aggressive behavior. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to examine the associations between the study variables.
RESULTS
A CLBS was more prevalent in girls than in boys (13.4% vs. 3.5%). The association with anger and aggression was stronger in both genders with a CLBS, compared to those adolescents without a CLBS. In the CLBS group, boys as compared to girls scored higher on verbal and physical aggression, anger rumination and social aggression. In both the CLBS and Non-CLBS groups higher anger and aggression scores were associated with increasing age.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest that aggression and anger rumination are elevated in adolescents with BN symptoms, and that the associations between anger, aggression and BN symptoms may be stronger in boys. As previous research has indicated that the presence of aggressive behaviors may affect the prognosis of BN and complicate management of the disorder, clinician screening for these behaviors in adolescents with BN symptoms may facilitate the provision of more effective treatment, especially among boys.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Male; Bulimia Nervosa; Bulimia; Aggression; Anger; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 37147644
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15664-1 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Jul 2014Belching is a normal physiological function that may occur when ingested air accumulated in the stomach is expelled or when food containing air and gas produced in the... (Review)
Review
Belching is a normal physiological function that may occur when ingested air accumulated in the stomach is expelled or when food containing air and gas produced in the gastrointestinal tract is expelled. Excessive belching can cause patients to complain of abdominal discomfort, disturbed daily life activities, decreased quality of life and may be related to various gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, aerophagia and rumination syndrome. Belching disorders can be classified into aerophagia and unspecified belching disorder according to the Rome III criteria. Since the introduction of multichannel intraluminal impedance monitoring, efforts are being made to elucidate the types and pathogenic mechanisms of belching disorders. Treatment modalities such as behavioral therapy, speech therapy, baclofen, tranquilizers and proton pump inhibitors can be attempted, but further investigations on the effective treatment of belching disorders are warranted.
Topics: Aerophagy; Behavior Therapy; Eructation; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Quality of Life; Speech Therapy
PubMed: 25073665
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2014.64.1.4 -
International Journal of Bipolar... Aug 2022Preliminary evidence suggests that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a promising treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). A proposed working mechanism of MBCT in...
BACKGROUND
Preliminary evidence suggests that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a promising treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). A proposed working mechanism of MBCT in attenuating depressive symptoms is reducing depressive rumination. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of MBCT on self-reported trait depressive rumination and an experimental state measure of negative intrusive thoughts in BD patients. Exploratively, we investigated the effect of MBCT on positive rumination and positive intrusive thoughts.
METHODS
The study population consisted of a subsample of bipolar type I or II patients participating in a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing MBCT + treatment as usual (TAU) (N = 25) to TAU alone (N = 24). Trait depressive rumination (RRS brooding subscale) and intrusive thoughts (breathing focus task (BFT)) were assessed at baseline (full subsample) and post-treatment (MBCT + TAU; n = 15, TAU; n = 15). During the BFT, participants were asked to report negative, positive and neutral intrusive thoughts while focusing on their breathing.
RESULTS
Compared to TAU alone, MBCT + TAU resulted in a significant pre- to post-treatment reduction of trait depressive rumination (R = .16, F(1, 27) = 5.15, p = 0.031; medium effect size (f = 0.19)) and negative intrusive thoughts on the BFT (R = .15, F(1, 28) = 4.88, p = 0.036; medium effect size (f = 0.17)). MBCT did not significantly change positive rumination or positive intrusive thoughts.
CONCLUSIONS
MBCT might be a helpful additional intervention to reduce depressive rumination in BD which might reduce risk of depressive relapse or recurrence. Considering the preliminary nature of our findings, future research should replicate our findings and explore whether this reduction in rumination following MBCT indeed mediates a reduction in depressive symptoms and relapse or recurrence in BD.
PubMed: 35960403
DOI: 10.1186/s40345-022-00269-1