-
BMJ Case Reports May 2019A 47-year-old Malay man who presented with fever, poor oral intake and loss of weight for 1 month duration. Further work-up revealed evidence of disseminated...
A 47-year-old Malay man who presented with fever, poor oral intake and loss of weight for 1 month duration. Further work-up revealed evidence of disseminated infection that was further complicated with pericardial and pleural empyema. Cultures from pericardial and pleural fluids grew species with negative serial blood cultures. Contrast enhanced CT thorax showed pleural effusion with large pericardial effusion. The patient was treated with antibiotics and drainage of pericardial and pleural empyema was done and he was discharged well.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drainage; Fever; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pericardial Effusion; Pleural Effusion; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss
PubMed: 31076489
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226337 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2018are facultative intracellular pathogens that cause globally distributed diseases with massive morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. In the past decades,... (Review)
Review
are facultative intracellular pathogens that cause globally distributed diseases with massive morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. In the past decades, numerous studies were focused on host defenses against infection. Autophagy has been demonstrated to be an important defense mechanism to clear intracellular pathogenic organisms, as well as a regulator of immune responses. Ubiquitin modification also has multiple effects on the host immune system against bacterial infection. It has been indicated that ubiquitination plays critical roles in recognition and clearance of some invading bacteria by autophagy. Additionally, the ubiquitination of autophagy proteins in autophagy flux and inflammation-related substance determines the outcomes of infection. However, many intracellular pathogens manipulate the ubiquitination system to counteract the host immunity. interfere with host responses via the delivery of ~30 effector proteins into cytosol to promote their survival and proliferation. Among them, some could link the ubiquitin-proteasome system with autophagy during infection and affect the host inflammatory responses. In this review, novel findings on the issue of ubiquitination and autophagy connection as the mechanisms of host defenses against infection and the subverted processes are introduced.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Bacterial Proteins; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Salmonella Infections; Salmonella typhimurium; Ubiquitination
PubMed: 29594070
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00078 -
Epidemiology and Infection Feb 2021Laboratory data increasingly suggest that Salmonella infection may contribute to colon cancer (CC) development. Here, we examined epidemiologically the potential risk of...
Laboratory data increasingly suggest that Salmonella infection may contribute to colon cancer (CC) development. Here, we examined epidemiologically the potential risk of CC associated with salmonellosis in the human population. We conducted a population-based cohort study using four health registries in Denmark. Person-level demographic data of all residents were linked to laboratory-confirmed non-typhoidal salmonellosis and to CC diagnoses in 1994-2016. Hazard ratios (HRs) for CC (overall/proximal/distal) associated with reported salmonellosis were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. Potential effects of serovar, age, sex, inflammatory bowel disease and follow-up time post-infection were also assessed. We found no increased risk of CC ≥1 year post-infection (HR 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-1.13). When stratifying by serovar, there was a significantly increased risk of proximal CC ≥1 year post-infection with serovars other than Enteritidis and Typhimurium (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.03-1.90). CC risk was significantly increased in the first year post-infection (HR 2.08; 95% CI 1.48-2.93). The association between salmonellosis and CC in the first year post-infection can be explained by increased stool testing around the time of CC diagnosis. The association between proximal CC and non-Enteritidis/non-Typhimurium serovars is unclear and warrants further investigation. Overall, this study provides epidemiological evidence that notified Salmonella infections do not contribute significantly to CC risk in the studied population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Factors; Salmonella Infections; Young Adult
PubMed: 33551005
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268821000285 -
Medicine Feb 2019Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is the most frequent infection worldwide and it has been postulated that it predisposes to multiple enteric pathogens and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is the most frequent infection worldwide and it has been postulated that it predisposes to multiple enteric pathogens and diarrheal diseases. Salmonella infection is common in tropical and under developed communities and is associated with wide range of diseases from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever. This study aimed at detecting the impact of H pylori infection on the incidence of salmonella infections.The study participants were sampled from cohorts of patients in four university hospitals in different Egyptian Governorates. Their age ranged from 20 to 59 years and followed up for a rising Widal test. Case patients (n = 109) were subjects who visited the outpatient clinic because of diarrhea and typhoid like illness. They were either positive for H pylori stool antigen (n = 53) or negative to it (n = 56). All patients were subjected to thorough history taking, clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations, abdominal ultrasonography, H pylori stool antigen detection, and serial Widal test assay.The proportion of salmonella-infected subjects was lower among case patients with H pylori infection (22.6%) than among those negative for H pylori (33.9%) albeit not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-1.33; P = .21). The association persisted nonsignificant after adjusting for sociodemographic variables (adjusted OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.18-1.39; P = .18). In a multivariate analysis that adjusted for sex, dietary habits, socioeconomic status, and educational level subjects who eat outdoors were associated with a significantly greater risk of salmonella typhi infection.Our findings suggest that there is no association between H pylori infection and salmonella infection in patients presented with typhoid fever or typhoid like illness.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Egypt; Female; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Risk; Salmonella Infections; Young Adult
PubMed: 30732157
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014335 -
Cell Reports Oct 2023Damage to our genome causes acute senescence in mammalian cells, which undergo growth arrest and release a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that...
Damage to our genome causes acute senescence in mammalian cells, which undergo growth arrest and release a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that propagates the stress response to bystander cells. Thus, acute senescence is a powerful tumor suppressor. Salmonella enterica hijacks senescence through its typhoid toxin, which usurps unidentified factors in the stress secretome of senescent cells to mediate intracellular infections. Here, transcriptomics of toxin-induced senescent cells (TxSCs) and proteomics of their secretome identify the factors as Wnt5a, INHBA, and GDF15. Wnt5a establishes a positive feedback loop, driving INHBA and GDF15 expression. In fibroblasts, Wnt5a and INHBA mediate autocrine senescence in TxSCs and paracrine senescence in naive cells. Wnt5a synergizes with GDF15 to increase Salmonella invasion. Intestinal TxSCs undergo apoptosis without Wnt5a, which is required for establishing intestinal TxSCs. The study reveals how an innate defense against cancer is co-opted by a bacterial pathogen to cause widespread damage and mediate infections.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Cellular Senescence; Typhoid Fever; Salmonella Infections; Neoplasms; Cells, Cultured; Toxins, Biological; Mammals
PubMed: 37792529
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113181 -
Pediatrics and Neonatology Jun 2013Nontyphoid Salmonella is the most common bacterial pathogen causing gastrointestinal infection worldwide. Most nontyphoid Salmonella infection is limited to... (Review)
Review
Nontyphoid Salmonella is the most common bacterial pathogen causing gastrointestinal infection worldwide. Most nontyphoid Salmonella infection is limited to uncomplicated gastroenteritis that seldom requires antimicrobial treatment. Nevertheless, invasive infections, such as bacteremia, osteomyelitis, and meningitis, may occur and require antimicrobial therapy. Continuous genetic and genomic evolution in Salmonella leading to increased virulence and resistance to multiple drugs are of significant public health concern. Two major changes in the epidemiology of nontyphoid salmonellosis in Europe and in the USA occurred in the second half of the 20(th) century: the emergence of foodborne human infections caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Enteriditis and by multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. In the 21(st) century, a worsening situation is the increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins in nontyphoid Salmonella. Clinical isolates showing carbapenem resistance also have been identified. Although antimicrobial therapy is usually not indicated for uncomplicated Salmonella gastroenteritis, recent studies indicated that a short-course ceftriaxone therapy (3-5 days) for patients with severe gastroenteritis would lead to a faster clinical recovery. Continuous surveillance of Salmonella in both humans and animals is mandatory. A better understanding of the mechanisms that lead to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella may help in the devising of better interventional strategies to reduce the spread of resistant Salmonella between humans and reservoirs along the food chain.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections
PubMed: 23597525
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.01.010 -
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Aug 2017The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators for transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway plays crucial roles in regulating apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and... (Review)
Review
The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators for transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway plays crucial roles in regulating apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and the inflammatory response. The JAK/STAT families are composed of four JAK family members and seven STAT family members. STAT3 plays a key role in inducing and maintaining a pro-carcinogenic inflammatory microenvironment. Recent evidence suggests that STAT3 regulates diverse biological functions in pathogenesis of diseases, such as infection and cancer. In the current review, we will summarize the research progress of STAT3 activation in infection and cancers. We highlight our recent study on the novel role of STAT3 in Salmonella infection-associated colon cancer. Infection with bacterial AvrA-expressing Salmonella activates the STAT3 pathway, which induces the β-catenin signals and enhances colonic tumorigenesis. STAT3 may be a promising target in developing prevention and treatment for infectious diseases and infection-associated cancers.
Topics: Apoptosis; Bacterial Proteins; Carcinogenesis; Cell Proliferation; Colonic Neoplasms; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Janus Kinase 2; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections; Signal Transduction; beta Catenin
PubMed: 28223148
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.023 -
PLoS Pathogens Dec 2016The interaction between schistosomiasis and Salmonella is a particularly important issue in Africa, where dual infection by the parasite and the bacterium are likely... (Review)
Review
The interaction between schistosomiasis and Salmonella is a particularly important issue in Africa, where dual infection by the parasite and the bacterium are likely common. In this review, the ways in which schistosomiasis affects human biology as it relates to Salmonella are described. Those who are infected by both organisms experience reduced immunological functioning, exhibit irreversible organ damage due to prolonged schistosomiasis infection, and become latent carriers of Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi and S. Typhimurium. The sequestration of the bacteria in the parasite leads to ineffective antibiotic treatment because the bacteria cannot be completely killed, and lingering infection may then lead to antimicrobial resistance. These manifestations are likely not just for those dually infected but also for those first infected with schistosomes and, later, Salmonella. More data are needed to better understand dual infection, particularly as it may impact treatment and prevention of schistosomiasis and Salmonella in sub-Saharan Africa.
Topics: Coinfection; Humans; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections; Schistosomiasis
PubMed: 27907208
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005928 -
Microbiology and Molecular Biology... Sep 2017subspecies includes several serovars infecting both humans and other animals and leading to typhoid fever or gastroenteritis. The high prevalence of associated... (Review)
Review
subspecies includes several serovars infecting both humans and other animals and leading to typhoid fever or gastroenteritis. The high prevalence of associated morbidity and mortality, together with an increased emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, is a current global health issue that has prompted the development of vaccination strategies that confer protection against most serovars. Currently available systemic vaccine approaches have major limitations, including a reduced effectiveness in young children and a lack of cross-protection among different strains. Having studied host-pathogen interactions, microbiologists and immunologists argue in favor of topical gastrointestinal administration for improvement in vaccine efficacy. Here, recent advances in this field are summarized, including mechanisms of bacterial uptake at the intestinal epithelium, the assessment of protective host immunity, and improved animal models that closely mimic infection in humans. The pros and cons of existing vaccines are presented, along with recent progress made with novel formulations. Finally, new candidate antigens and their relevance in the refined design of anti- vaccines are discussed, along with antigen vectorization strategies such as nanoparticles or secretory immunoglobulins, with a focus on potentiating mucosal vaccine efficacy.
Topics: Administration, Mucosal; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Immunoglobulin M; Intestinal Mucosa; Nanoparticles; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections; Salmonella Vaccines; Typhoid Fever; Vaccination
PubMed: 28615285
DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00007-17 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Jul 2015Infection with the nontyphoidal Salmonella is a common cause of food-borne disease that leads to acute gastroenteritis/diarrhea. Severe/prolonged cases of Salmonella...
Infection with the nontyphoidal Salmonella is a common cause of food-borne disease that leads to acute gastroenteritis/diarrhea. Severe/prolonged cases of Salmonella infection could also impact host nutritional status, but little is known about its effect on intestinal absorption of vitamins, including biotin. We examined the effect of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infection on intestinal biotin uptake using in vivo (streptomycin-pretreated mice) and in vitro [mouse (YAMC) and human (NCM460) colonic epithelial cells, and human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells] models. The results showed that infecting mice with wild-type S. typhimurium, but not with its nonpathogenic isogenic invA spiB mutant, leads to a significant inhibition in jejunal/colonic biotin uptake and in level of expression of the biotin transporter, sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter. In contrast, infecting YAMC, NCM460, and Caco-2 cells with S. typhimurium did not affect biotin uptake. These findings suggest that the effect of S. typhimurium infection is indirect and is likely mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, the levels of which were markedly induced in the intestine of S. typhimurium-infected mice. Consistent with this hypothesis, exposure of NCM460 cells to the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ led to a significant inhibition of biotin uptake, sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter expression, and activity of the SLC5A6 promoter. The latter effects appear to be mediated, at least in part, via the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that S. typhimurium infection inhibits intestinal biotin uptake, and that the inhibition is mediated via the action of proinflammatory cytokines.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Biotin; Caco-2 Cells; Disease Models, Animal; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Interferon-gamma; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Mice; NF-kappa B; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium; Signal Transduction; Symporters; Transfection; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 25999427
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00112.2015