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The Canadian Journal of Urology Apr 2021
Topics: Gallium Isotopes; Gallium Radioisotopes; Humans; Male; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 33872551
DOI: No ID Found -
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and... Jul 2019Noninvasive imaging technologies offer to identify several anatomic and molecular features of high-risk plaques. For the noninvasive molecular imaging of atherosclerotic... (Review)
Review
Noninvasive imaging technologies offer to identify several anatomic and molecular features of high-risk plaques. For the noninvasive molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaques, nuclear medicine constitutes one of the best imaging modalities, thanks to its high sensitivity for the detection of probes in tissues. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is currently the most widely used radiopharmaceutical for molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaques with positron emission tomography. The intensity of FDG uptake in the vascular wall correlates closely with the degree of macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques. FDG positron emission tomographic imaging has become a powerful tool to identify and monitor noninvasively inflammatory activities in atherosclerotic plaques over time. This review examines how FDG positron emission tomographic imaging has given us deeper insight into the role of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaque progression and discusses perspectives for alternative radiopharmaceuticals to FDG that could provide a more specific and simple identification of high-risk lesions and help improve risk stratification of atherosclerotic patients. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Gallium Radioisotopes; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 31242032
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.312586 -
European Radiology Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Gallium Radioisotopes; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
PubMed: 37171487
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09715-9 -
Theranostics 2023Recent studies suggest that Ga-FAPI PET/CT demonstrated superiority over F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of various cancer types, especially in gastric cancer (GC). By... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Recent studies suggest that Ga-FAPI PET/CT demonstrated superiority over F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of various cancer types, especially in gastric cancer (GC). By comprehensively reviewing and analysing the differences between Ga-FAPI and F-FDG in GC, some evidence is provided to foster the broader clinical application of FAPI PET imaging. In this review, studies published up to July 3, 2023, that employed radionuclide labelled FAPI as a diagnostic radiotracer for PET in GC were analysed. These studies were sourced from both the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Our statistical analysis involved a bivariate meta-analysis of the diagnostic data and a meta-analysis of the quantitative metrics. These were performed using R language. The meta-analysis included 14 studies, with 527 patients, of which 358 were diagnosed with GC. Overall, Ga-FAPI showed higher pooled sensitivity (0.84 [95% CI 0.67-0.94] 0.46 [95% CI 0.32-0.60]), specificity (0.91 [95% CI 0.76-0.98] 0.88 [95% CI 0.74-0.96]) and area under the curve (AUC) (0.92 [95% CI 0.77-0.98] 0.52 [95% CI 0.38-0.86]) than F-FDG. The evidence showed superior pooled sensitivities of Ga-FAPI PET over F-FDG for primary tumours, local recurrence, lymph node metastases, distant metastases, and peritoneal metastases. Furthermore, Ga-FAPI PET provided higher maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and tumour-to-background ratios (TBR). For bone metastases, while Ga-FAPI PET demonstrated slightly lower patient-based pooled sensitivity (0.93 1.00), it significantly outperformed F-FDG in the lesion-based analysis (0.95 0.65). However, SUVmax (mean difference [MD] 1.79 [95% CI -3.87-7.45]) and TBR (MD 5.01 [95% CI -0.78-10.80]) of bone metastases showed no significant difference between Ga-FAPI PET/CT and F-FDG PET/CT. Compared with F-FDG, Ga-FAPI PET imaging showed improved diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of GC. It can be effectively applied to the early diagnosis, initial staging, and detection of recurrence/metastases of GC. Ga-FAPI may have the potential of replacing F-FDG in GC in future applications.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Gallium Radioisotopes; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 37649615
DOI: 10.7150/thno.88335 -
The European Respiratory Journal Mar 2013Accurate assessment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary organ involvement in sarcoidosis is one of the great challenges for clinicians. This assessment includes the... (Review)
Review
Accurate assessment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary organ involvement in sarcoidosis is one of the great challenges for clinicians. This assessment includes the evaluation of symptoms and of sarcoidosis activity in a specific organ and its functional consequences. In this review, radiological and nuclear techniques to image the inflammatory activity of sarcoidosis are described, in particular (18)F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The current use of this technique in clinical practice is explained, particularly in patients with persistent symptoms, stage IV disease and cardiac sarcoidosis.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Gallium Radioisotopes; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiography, Thoracic; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Receptors, Somatostatin; Sarcoidosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 23018903
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00088612 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Nov 2023Aortitis is a rare adverse event associated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is widely used to diagnose...
Aortitis is a rare adverse event associated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is widely used to diagnose G-CSF-associated aortitis. However, the usefulness of gallium scintigraphy for the diagnosis of G-CSF-associated aortitis is unknown. We herein report a set of pre- and post-treatment gallium scintigrams of a patient with G-CSF-associated aortitis. During the diagnosis, gallium scintigraphy revealed hot spots on the arterial walls that appeared inflamed on CECT. Both the CECT and gallium scintigraphy findings disappeared. Gallium scintigraphy can be a supportive diagnostic tool for G-CSF-associated aortitis, especially in patients with an impaired renal function or allergy to iodine contrast.
Topics: Humans; Aortitis; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Radionuclide Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Gallium
PubMed: 36948620
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1453-22 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Jun 2004Although our understanding of microorganisms has advanced significantly and antimicrobial therapy has become increasingly available, infection remains a major cause of... (Review)
Review
Although our understanding of microorganisms has advanced significantly and antimicrobial therapy has become increasingly available, infection remains a major cause of patient morbidity and mortality. The role of radionuclide imaging in the evaluation of the patient suspected of harboring an infection varies with the situation. For example, in the postoperative patient, radionuclide imaging is complementary to CT and is used to help differentiate postoperative changes from infection. In the case of the painful joint replacement, in contrast, radionuclide studies are the primary diagnostic imaging modality for differentiating infection from other causes of prosthetic failure. Several tracers are available for imaging infection: (99m)Tc-diphosphonates, (67)Ga-citrate, and (111)In- and (99m)Tc-labeled leukocytes. At the moment, in immunocompetent patients, labeled leukocyte imaging is the radionuclide procedure of choice for detecting most infections. There are, unfortunately, significant limitations to the use of labeled leukocytes. The in vitro labeling process is labor intensive, is not always available, and involves direct handling of blood products. For musculoskeletal infection, the need to frequently perform complementary marrow or bone imaging adds complexity and expense to the procedure and is an inconvenience to patients. Considerable effort has therefore been devoted to the search for alternatives to this procedure, including in vivo methods of labeling leukocytes, (18)F-FDG PET, and radiolabeled antibiotics. This article reviews the current status of nuclear medicine infection imaging and the potential of a murine monoclonal antigranulocyte antibody, fanolesomab, that is currently under investigation. Upon completion of this article, the reader will be familiar with the physical characteristics and uptake mechanisms of tracers currently approved for infection imaging, the indications for the uses of these tracers, and the characteristics and potential indications for a murine monoclonal antigranulocyte antibody under investigation.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Communicable Diseases; Diphosphonates; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Gallium Radioisotopes; Humans; Infections; Leukocytes; Nuclear Medicine; Positron-Emission Tomography; Technetium
PubMed: 15175400
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jun 2022
Topics: Edetic Acid; Gallium Radioisotopes; Patient Selection; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 35086895
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263638 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jan 1985Multiple factors contribute to the accumulation and retention of gallium-67 in inflammatory lesions. Adequate blood supply is essential. Gallium-67, mainly in the form... (Review)
Review
Multiple factors contribute to the accumulation and retention of gallium-67 in inflammatory lesions. Adequate blood supply is essential. Gallium-67, mainly in the form of transferrin-Ga-67 complex, is delivered to the inflammatory lesions through capillaries with increased permeability. At the site of inflammation, some Ga-67 is taken up by leukocytes and bacteria when they are present. In addition, Ga-67 may also bind to lactoferrin and bacterial siderophores. Multiple contributing factors often coexist at any given inflammatory lesion. The nature and intensity of the inflammation affects the relative contribution of these factors. Thus, there may be situations in which all the contributing factors are present, but in such a low intensity that they escape clinical detection by Ga-67 scans. On the other hand, there may be situations in which one or more contributing factors are missing, such as in patients with agranulocytosis, while they are readily detected by Ga-67 scans.
Topics: Biological Transport; Capillary Permeability; Carrier Proteins; Gallium Radioisotopes; Humans; Inflammation; Leukocytes; Radionuclide Imaging; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 3880816
DOI: No ID Found -
Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2021Cancer of the cervix is the fourth commonest malignancy in women worldwide and it also ranks fourth as the cause of cancer related mortality in women. Hypoxia is a... (Review)
Review
Cancer of the cervix is the fourth commonest malignancy in women worldwide and it also ranks fourth as the cause of cancer related mortality in women. Hypoxia is a common characteristic of solid tumours and cervical cancer is no exception. Hypoxia is associated with increased aggressiveness, risk of invasion and metastasis. Tumour hypoxia also results in resistance to both radiation therapy and chemotherapy leading to a poorer prognosis. In-vivo measurement of tumour hypoxia is vital in oncologic practice because it can predict outcome and identify patients with a worse prognosis. Mapping of tumour hypoxia may also help select patients that may benefit from applicable treatments. While traditional methods of measuring hypoxia such as the Eppendorf probe is considered the gold standard, it is invasive and technically demanding. Non-invasive methods of measuring tumourhypoxia are ideal. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging with nitro-imidazole-based tracers is a highly sensitive nuclear imaging technique that is suited for non-invasive in vivo monitoring of hypoxia. Over the years various hypoxia specific PET tracers have been investigated in various malignancies including cancer of the cervix. Several fluorine-18 (F)-based tracers have been studied and although most had small patient numbers, the results are promising and generally demonstrate an associate between the presence of hypoxia and treatment outcome. The need for an onsite cyclotron and specialized radiopharmacy skills make these tracers unattractive and largely unavailable for routine clinical applications. With the increase in availability of the gallium-68 (Ga) generator this makes the Ga-labelled nitroimidazole derivatives attractive because Ga is available from a generator with a shelf life of almost a year. The chemistry of Ga makes for easy labelling with several peptides and molecules. Pre-clinical work has demonstrated the feasibility of using these tracers for imaging hypoxia and has laid the groundwork for further human studies with these tracers.The aim of this review is to discuss hypoxia and its impact in cancer of the cervix as well as to look into the progress made in hypoxia imaging in cancer of the cervix. This will focus on the tracers studied thus far and some of the challenges of hypoxia imaging.
Topics: Female; Gallium Radioisotopes; Humans; Hypoxia; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterus
PubMed: 34954786
DOI: 10.1967/s002449912417