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BMC Geriatrics Dec 2021The present study aimed to explore the relationship between job-search self-efficacy and reemployment willingness among older adults, as well as roles of achievement...
BACKGROUND
The present study aimed to explore the relationship between job-search self-efficacy and reemployment willingness among older adults, as well as roles of achievement motivation and age in this relationship.
METHODS
Three hundred and sixty-five Chinese retired older adults were recruited from five neighborhoods in a city via convenience sampling, and they were measured by the Job Search Self-Efficacy Scale and the Achievement Motivation Scale (AMS).
RESULTS
Results revealed that job-search self-efficacy significantly positively predicted reemployment willingness. Achievement motivation played a partial mediating role in the relationship between the job-search self-efficacy and reemployment willingness. Age moderated the relationship between job-search self-efficacy and reemployment willingness.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings showed that increasing the job-search self-efficacy and achievement motivation could effectively promote older adults' reemployment willingness. The present study provided a theoretical basis for caring for older adults' reemployment willingness.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Job Application; Motivation; Self Efficacy; Unemployment
PubMed: 34876038
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02645-5 -
International Endodontic Journal Feb 2020To understand whether the self-efficacy of undergraduates is associated with the extent of the endodontic education they received.
AIM
To understand whether the self-efficacy of undergraduates is associated with the extent of the endodontic education they received.
METHODOLOGY
Data were obtained from three undergraduate endodontic programmes in two universities: Aarhus University (AU), Denmark and the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), the Netherlands. Just before their graduations in 2016 or 2017, students completed a questionnaire that contained the Endodontic General Self-Efficacy Scale and questions on how they valued the education they received in Endodontics. The information on the number and type of root canal treatments participants had performed on patients was collected from dental clinic management systems. Data were ana-lysed using non-parametric tests and multiple regression analyses.
RESULTS
The median number of treated root canals on patients per student was 5 in the standard programme at ACTA, 10 in AU, and 14.5 in the extended programme at ACTA. Students' self-efficacy increased with the number of treated root canals; however, retreatments and root canal treatments in molars were negatively associated with self-efficacy. All students wanted more experience in performing root canal treatment on patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The endodontic self-efficacy of students from the standard programmes of the two participating universities was comparable. Students' self-efficacy was influenced mostly by their clinical experience when performing root canal treatment. It seems that the more root canal treatments students perform on patients, the greater their self-efficacy is at graduation. However, treating difficult cases (molars and retreatments) might reduce their self-efficacy.
Topics: Denmark; Education, Dental; Endodontics; Humans; Netherlands; Root Canal Therapy; Self Efficacy; Students, Dental
PubMed: 31519031
DOI: 10.1111/iej.13218 -
BMC Palliative Care Aug 2022Dealing with life-limiting illnesses, death, dying and grief, is uncharted territory for medical graduates. It is a field that is heavily influenced by cultural,...
BACKGROUND
Dealing with life-limiting illnesses, death, dying and grief, is uncharted territory for medical graduates. It is a field that is heavily influenced by cultural, religio-spiritual and social factors. This adds complexity to palliative and end-of-life-care, which challenges newly qualified physicians and requires the formation of appropriate knowledge, skills, and attitudes in junior doctors. This study aimed to obtain insight into the perspectives, perceived self-efficacy, and preparedness of newly qualified Nigerian physicians in practising palliative care and identify potential variables influencing them.
METHODS
The study was a cross-sectional, multi-centre survey of newly qualified Nigerian physicians, using semi-structured, in-depth qualitative interviews. The data were analysed by applying content-structuring qualitative content analysis.
RESULTS
Forty semi-structured interviews were conducted with medical house officers at two tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The perceived self-efficacy and preparedness of newly qualified Nigerian physicians in practising palliative care were reported to be higher in areas of family involvement, and pain and symptom management than in areas of breaking bad news, prognosis, and diagnosing dying. Major influences on the young physicians' perceived self-efficacy and preparedness in practising palliative care were socio-economic circumstances of a resource-limited setting and cultural-religious considerations. In addition, the perceived impact of palliative care education and experience was documented.
CONCLUSIONS
This study offers valuable insights into the perceived self-efficacy and preparedness of newly qualified physicians and reveals the influence of socio-cultural and socio-economic variables in Nigeria. Evidence of the social, cultural, and religio-spiritual dimensions of palliative care is indispensable for culturally sensitive care. These results could aid in the development of appropriate knowledge, skills, and attitudes in newly qualified physicians through culturally and contextually appropriate palliative care training measures. The results may be applicable to other sub-Saharan African settings and may be used to improve future palliative care education, training, and practice.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Palliative Care; Physicians; Qualitative Research; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 35922778
DOI: 10.1186/s12904-022-01028-w -
Current Opinion in Psychology Dec 2022This article focuses upon the social psychological aspects of identity development among gay men. Key stage-based models of, and contemporary empirical research into,... (Review)
Review
This article focuses upon the social psychological aspects of identity development among gay men. Key stage-based models of, and contemporary empirical research into, gay identity development are outlined. Three levels of sexual identity development are examined: the psychological, the interpersonal and the collective. It is argued that, in order to develop an effective theory of gay identity development, empirical research should focus upon these levels of analysis, acknowledging that there is a dynamic interplay between them; the multiplicity of identity itself (consisting of sometimes competing elements); and the motives that underpin the construction, management and protection of identity (principally self-esteem, self-efficacy, continuity, positive distinctiveness and belongingness). Identity process theory is proposed as a useful theoretical framework for doing so.
Topics: Male; Humans; Self Concept; Gender Identity; Self Efficacy; Motivation; Sexual and Gender Minorities
PubMed: 36215907
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101469 -
BMC Psychiatry Feb 2022Although some psychological processes, such as stigma and self-efficacy, affect the complicated relationship between social support and depressive symptoms, few studies...
BACKGROUND
Although some psychological processes, such as stigma and self-efficacy, affect the complicated relationship between social support and depressive symptoms, few studies explored a similar psychological mechanism among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). Hence, this research investigates the mediating effects of stigma and the moderating effects of self-efficacy among the psychological mechanism that social support affects depressive symptoms.
METHODS
The study included 1040 Chinese participants with SUDs and completed a series of self-report questionnaires. R software was used to organize and clean up data sets and analyze mediation and moderation effects.
RESULTS
The result showed that stigma partially mediated depressive symptoms, while self-efficacy moderated this relationship. More specifically, less social support increased depression symptoms by bringing about higher stigma. Besides, subjects with higher self-efficacy are less susceptible to stigma and therefore have mild depressive symptoms. Furthermore, clinical and theoretical implications are discussed in our study.
CONCLUSIONS
Chinese SUDs patients' depressive symptoms were indirectly affected by perceived social support via stigma and less affected by stigma with improved self-efficacy. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
Topics: Depression; Humans; Self Efficacy; Social Stigma; Social Support; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35168584
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03740-6 -
Global Public Health Jan 2023Growth mindset, persistence, and self-efficacy are important protective factors in understanding adolescent psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, and...
Growth mindset, persistence, and self-efficacy are important protective factors in understanding adolescent psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, and externalising behaviours. Previous studies have shown that dimensions of self-efficacy (academic, social, and emotional) have differential protective effects with mental health outcomes and these differences vary by sex. This study examines the dimensional mediation of self-efficacy from motivational mindsets on anxiety, depression, and externalising behaviours in a sample of early adolescents ages 10-11. Surveys were administered to participants to measure growth mindset and persistence on internalising and externalising symptoms. The Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C) was used to measure domains of self-efficacy for mediation analysis. Multi-group structural equation modelling by sex indicated that structural paths were not invariant by sex. Significant direct effects were identified from persistence to externalising behaviours in boys, and significant direct effects were identified from growth mindset to depression in girls. In a sample of Tanzanian early adolescents, self-efficacy mediates the protective association between motivational mindsets on psychopathology. Higher academic self-efficacy was associated with reduced externalising problems in both boys and girls. Implications for adolescent programmes and future research are discussed.
Topics: Child; Male; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Depression; Self Efficacy; Anxiety; Men
PubMed: 37196667
DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2213300 -
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... Oct 2022This survey assesses cancer patients' etiological concepts, lifestyle choices, use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and self-efficacy, as well as...
PURPOSE
This survey assesses cancer patients' etiological concepts, lifestyle choices, use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and self-efficacy, as well as associations between those. It aims to find patterns which may facilitate communication and understanding between patients and physicians.
METHODS
353 oncological patients attending lectures on CAM answered a questionnaire. Correlations were examined and an exploratory factor analysis conducted to identify comprehensive lay-etiological concepts among a list of potential carcinogenic factors.
RESULTS
Patients considered scientifically proven agents as well as other non-carcinogenic influences to be responsible for their disease. An exploratory factor analysis yielded vague indications of possible underlying concepts but factors tend to include items that do not fit the pattern in terms of content. Higher self-efficacy correlated with healthy diet and sports, but not with use of CAM. No conclusive correlations emerged between lay-aetiological concepts and most other variables, but we found a tendency for higher self-efficacy among patients who assigned higher carcinogenic effects to tobacco and lower carcinogenic effects to fasting and physical trauma.
CONCLUSION
Interest in CAM can arise for many reasons that are not necessarily related to self-efficacy. Lay-aetiological concepts of cancer differ significantly from scientific ones. They are complex and presumably highly individualistic. Their connection to use of CAM methods, lifestyle choices and self-efficacy should be explored in more detail. Patient information and communication with clinicians need to address cancer patients' individual aetiological concepts to further patient's understanding not only of their diagnosis but also of the treatment as well.
Topics: Communication; Complementary Therapies; Humans; Life Style; Neoplasms; Self Efficacy; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34812932
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03857-3 -
BMC Medical Education Apr 2024Teaching assistants (TAs) play a crucial role in pedagogical practices, and the TA training has emerged as a vital strategy for enhancing teaching quality and fostering... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Teaching assistants (TAs) play a crucial role in pedagogical practices, and the TA training has emerged as a vital strategy for enhancing teaching quality and fostering effective interactions. The self-efficacy of TAs can substantially impact their performance. Nevertheless, little research has focused on the change in TAs' self-efficacy following their training.
METHODS
A self-control quasi-experiment was conducted to examine shifts in the self-efficacy of Tas at Peking University before and after their TA training. A questionnaire was used to assess the change, and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire was also calculated. A paired data rank sum test was used to analysis the changes in TA self-efficacy before and after training.
RESULTS
A total of 372 TAs from School of Basic Medicine (N = 173), School of Pharmacy (N = 112), School of Public Health (N = 69), and other schools (N = 18) submitted complete questionnaires. The questionnaire showed a good performance in internal reliability and validity test (Cronbach's alpha index = 0.906, and KMO value was 0.903). Participants had a median total self-efficacy score of 88 and 85 before and after the TA training, respectively, which shows a lack in the total TA self-efficacy score following the TA training (P < 0.001). TAs who have no desire to becoming a college instructor have a higher self-efficacy when compared to TAs who have expressed neutral attitudes in becoming college instructors.
CONCLUSION
The participated TAs display a lack of self-efficacy after attending the TA training at Peking University. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and strengthen TA's self-efficacy beyond academic skills when designing and delivering TA training programs at Peking University.
Topics: Humans; Self Efficacy; Male; Female; Surveys and Questionnaires; Reproducibility of Results; Adult; Teaching; China
PubMed: 38685047
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05431-0 -
Medicina 2021Self-efficacy is the confidence in one's own abilities to avoid smoking in situations that can trigger desire. It is considered an important predictor of relapses. In...
Self-efficacy is the confidence in one's own abilities to avoid smoking in situations that can trigger desire. It is considered an important predictor of relapses. In Argentina there is no valid instrument to evaluate it. The objective of this article was to adapt and validate a Spanish version (in local Argentinean language) of the Self-Efficacy/Temptation Scale. The transcultural adaptation of the scale was carried out: translation, review by a committee of experts, reverse translation, new review and test of the questionnaire. Reliability (reproducibility, stability and internal consistency) and validity were then evaluated. We performed a factor analysis of main components with Varimax rotation with data from a sample of 200 smokers. A culturally and linguistically adapted version of the instrument was obtained, with inter-observer reliability of Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) = 0.90 and stability of ICC = 0.77. The internal consistency analysis yielded a global Crombach a = 0.93 and 0.85 for versions of 20 and 9 items, respectively. In the domain of Positive Affections a = 0.82 and a = 0.89; Negative Affections a = 0.89 and a = 0.90 and for Craving a = 0.84 and a = 0.75, also respectively for the two versions. In the exploratory factor analysis, three factors were identified that explained 95% of the variance of the questionnaire in its extensive version and 69% in its short version. A reliable and valid Argentinean version of the Self-Efficacy/Temptation Scale was obtained, to be applied to smokers.
Topics: Argentina; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Self Efficacy; Surveys and Questionnaires; Translations
PubMed: 34453803
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2020Optimism and self-efficacy have been associated with psychological health. Empathy has also been found to have a unique role in community health volunteering and promote...
Optimism and self-efficacy have been associated with psychological health. Empathy has also been found to have a unique role in community health volunteering and promote positive functioning. This study investigated whether self-efficacy and optimism were associated with psychological health in terms of psychological and subjective well-being in healthcare volunteers. It also investigated whether empathy added to the explanation of psychological health, over and above that accounted for by self-efficacy and optimism. A convenience sample of 160 Italian clown doctors volunteering in various hospitals completed self-report measures of self-efficacy, optimism, empathy, psychological well-being, and subjective well-being. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that self-efficacy and optimism were associated with both outcomes and that aspects of empathy, such as others' perspective taking and personal distress for others' difficulties, added to the explanation of psychological health with opposite effects. The present study adds to previous research on the role of self-efficacy, optimism, and empathy for community health volunteers' psychological health. It also offers suggestions regarding the training for this type of volunteer.
Topics: Empathy; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Optimism; Self Efficacy; Volunteers
PubMed: 32824812
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17166001