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Journal of Bacteriology Jun 1964Bornside, George H. (Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans), Christopher B. Merritt, and Alice C. Weil. Reversal by ferric iron of serum inhibition...
Bornside, George H. (Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans), Christopher B. Merritt, and Alice C. Weil. Reversal by ferric iron of serum inhibition of respiration and growth of Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 87:1443-1451. 1964.-The inhibitory effect of serum and serum fractions on oxygen consumption by Bacillus subtilis was assayed manometrically; the inhibitory effect on growth was measured by a tube dilution assay, pour plates, and turbidimetrically. Although rabbit serum possessed high antirespiratory and bactericidal activity, a two-fold dilution of serum eliminated antirespiratory activity, but did not affect bactericidal activity. The bactericidal effect of rabbit serum was detected immediately upon mixture of serum and bacilli, but the antirespiratory effect was usually discernible after 2 hr. By these methods of assay, there was no statistically significant association between bactericidal and antirespiratory activities. This lack of close association between antirespiratory and bactericidal activities of serum was attributed to basic differences in the assay procedures, because bacterial growth during the manometric procedure itself was proportional to oxygen consumption. In these latter experiments, therefore, serum antirespiratory activity was proportional to serum bactericidal activity. Alcoholic fractionation of serum indicated that the antirespiratory agent was a globulin, but study of globulins from man and animals failed to identify any single globulin consistently as the antirespiratory agent. However, a highly purified preparation of human 7S gamma-globulin exhibited the greatest specific antirespiratory activity, as well as completely inhibiting growth and respiration. Antirespiratory activity was slightly diminished after rabbit serum was heated at 56 C for 30 min, and appeared to be related to levels of unsaturated transferrin. Reversal of antirespiratory activity was obtained by addition of iron in excess of the amount needed to saturate transferrin; no reversal was obtained with aluminum, magnesium, manganese, copper, cobalt, or zinc. The effect of iron was on the serum and not on the bacilli. Oxygen consumption by B. subtilis was actually stimulated by highly purified rabbit transferrin. The antirespiratory agent was a serum globulin which was heat-stable and inactivated by iron, but was not transferrin.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Cell Respiration; Hot Temperature; Humans; Iron; Magnesium; Male; Metabolism; Oxygen; Pharmacology; Rabbits; Research; Serum Globulins; Transferrin
PubMed: 14188726
DOI: 10.1128/jb.87.6.1443-1451.1964 -
Effectiveness of locally inoculated antirabies serum and gamma-globulin in rabies infection of mice.Bulletin of the World Health... 1963In an attempt to determine the specific local action of antirabies serum and antirabies gamma-globulin preparations in vivo, experiments were carried out on mice...
In an attempt to determine the specific local action of antirabies serum and antirabies gamma-globulin preparations in vivo, experiments were carried out on mice infected with fixed rabies virus in the pad of the foot and then given inoculations of either of these preparations in the same and in the opposite foot at various intervals thereafter.Good evidence was obtained of the local protective effect of antirabies serum and, to a lesser degree, of antirabies gamma-globulin when inoculated one hour after infection. Some protection was also apparent when the inoculations were made up to three hours after infection, but none could be demonstrated at six hours.
Topics: Animals; Immune Sera; Mice; Rabies; gamma-Globulins
PubMed: 14030749
DOI: No ID Found -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Feb 1977In a study of the influence of nutritional state on halothane anaesthesia, results were obtained which showed how the blood/gas partition coefficient for halothane...
In a study of the influence of nutritional state on halothane anaesthesia, results were obtained which showed how the blood/gas partition coefficient for halothane varied with blood chemistry in 20 patients undergoing elective surgery. For each patient the partition coefficient lambda was measured by equilibration at 37 degrees C of a blood sample with a 1% halothane in 5% carbon dioxide in air mixture, followed by chemical extraction and estimation of the halothane content by gas chromatography. The haematocrit and haemoglobin, serum albumin, total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were measured by routine laboratory methods. Regressions were sought of lambda on each of these, and on the globulin concentration and the ratios of albumin: globulin and albumin: total protein, deduced from these determinations. The only statistically significant regression (P = 0.0004) was that of lambda on the serum triglyceride concentration (T) (mmol/litre): lambda = 1.83 + 0.424T. The dependence of lambda on haemoglobin concentration was not statistically significant, but the slope of the regression was consistent with those of previous investigators. The regressions of lambda, corrected to the mean triglyceride concentration, on the ratios of albumin: globulin and albumin: total protein were not statistically significant but were not significantly different from an earlier reported result.
Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Halothane; Humans; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulins; Solubility; Triglycerides
PubMed: 836744
DOI: 10.1093/bja/49.2.115 -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine May 1952It was shown, by means of salt fractionation procedures and electrophoresis that a marked and sustained hyperglobulinemia regularly resulted when sodium ribonucleate was...
It was shown, by means of salt fractionation procedures and electrophoresis that a marked and sustained hyperglobulinemia regularly resulted when sodium ribonucleate was injected subcutaneously at frequent intervals into rabbits undergoing immunization with horse serum. The hyperglobulinemia was characterized by a large increase in the gamma globulin levels, and a slight increase in the alpha and beta globulin levels. In control experiments done concurrently, the immunization of rabbits with horse serum, accompanied by subcutaneous injections of saline instead of ribonucleate, resulted in only moderate elevations in gamma globulin levels, while injections of ribonucleate alone brought about slight elevations in all three globulin components in some of the animals. Precipitin tests showed that the rabbits immunized with horse serum and simultaneously treated with ribonucleate developed antibody titers against horse serum that were no higher than those of the immunized controls given saline instead of ribonucleate. Indeed, some of the animals treated with horse serum and ribonucleate had globulin levels that were much higher and had antibody titers that were significantly lower than were those of several rabbits receiving horse serum and saline. Injections of ribonucleate alone did not result in the formation of specific antibodies detectable by means of precipitin tests. The results made it plain that the hyperglobulinemia of the animals treated with horse serum and ribonucleate was not due to an excessive production of specific antibodies. The findings as a whole provide further evidence that nucleotides play an important role in the formation of proteins in animals, and they indicate that an abnormally increased utilization of ribonucleotides by cells capable of producing globulins may be a causative factor in the pathogenesis of hyperglobulinemia.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Immunization; Injections; Nucleic Acids; Proteins; Rabbits; Ribonucleotides; Serum Globulins; Vaccination
PubMed: 12981218
DOI: 10.1084/jem.96.4.331 -
African Journal of Traditional,... 2016TQ has been used as treatment and preventive agent for many diseases over the years. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of TQ supplement on fractions...
BACKGROUND
TQ has been used as treatment and preventive agent for many diseases over the years. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of TQ supplement on fractions of serum proteins.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fourteen male Wistar-Albino rats (200-250 g weight) were used as material for two groups; (control (C) and thymoquinone (TQ) respectively. Each group contained seven rats. The control group had only corn oil, while the TQ group was dissolved in corn oil. 30 mg/kg/day were given by oral gavage for four weeks. The serum protein fractions were identified using cellulose acetate technique.
RESULTS
The total protein level and albumin, α-1, α-2 fractions and A/G ratio have showed no difference between groups (p>0.05). β-globulin fractions of TQ group were higher than control's (p<0.05). In addition, it was observed that the γ-globulin levels of TQ group were lower than that of the control group's (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
From the results, it was observed that the changes of these fractions may have originated from elevation or decline synthesis, or activities of containing proteins.
Topics: Animals; Benzoquinones; Blood Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Serum Albumin; Serum Albumin, Human; Serum Globulins
PubMed: 28480357
DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i6.6 -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine Jan 1963By means of immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis study has been made of antigenic relationships of Bence Jones proteins, and the three classes of normal and...
By means of immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis study has been made of antigenic relationships of Bence Jones proteins, and the three classes of normal and pathological immunoglobulins, 7S gamma, beta(2A), and beta(2M). All thirty-nine Bence Jones proteins studied could be classified into either one of two distinct antigenic types, A or B. Both types are related to the immunoelectrophoretically slow (S) fragment of a papain digest of normal gamma-globulin; B is related more closely than A, but neither has antigenic determinants in common with the fast (F) fragment. The 7S gamma myeloma globulins were either immunological type I or II. The papain digests of these proteins produced the S and F precipitin lines in immunoelectrophoresis but multiple bands in starch gel electrophoresis, especially in the F region. The S fraction of type I myeloma globulins is antigenically similar to Bence Jones protein of type B, and the S component of type II myeloma globulins has antigenic determinants in common with type A Bence Jones protein. Correspondingly, myeloma patients with type I globulins and proteinuria usually excrete type B Bence Jones proteins, whereas patients with type II excrete type A proteins. The F fragment is the part common to normal 7S gamma-globulin and types I and II myeloma globulins but is absent in beta(2A) and beta(2M) pathological globulins and in both types of Bence Jones proteins. Papain digests of beta(2A) myeloma globulins produced a single precipitin line in immunoelectrophoresis. beta(2A) myeloma globulins appeared to have two antigenic units, one in common with type B Bence Jones protein and normal gamma-globulin, and another specific to beta(2A). The beta(2A) myeloma patients excreted type B Bence Jones protein. The papain digest of a macroglobulin produced two precipitin lines, the faster of which had antigenic determinants in common with type B Bence Jones protein, the slower seemed specific for the macroglobulin. Five serum micromolecular globulins proved to be either type A or B Bence Jones proteins. From the above results, an antigenic map was constructed showing which determinants are shared and which are specific for normal 7S gamma-globulin, types I and II myeloma globulins, beta(2A) myeloma globulins, a macroglobulin, and types A and B Bence Jones proteins.
Topics: Aged; Antigens; Bence Jones Protein; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Multiple Myeloma; Papain; Serum Globulins; gamma-Globulins
PubMed: 13935673
DOI: 10.1084/jem.117.1.81 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Jan 1969Comparisons are made between a large group of mongols cared for in institutions and their carefully matched controls in respect of (a) serum levels of...
Comparisons are made between a large group of mongols cared for in institutions and their carefully matched controls in respect of (a) serum levels of immuno-gamma-globulin (gammaA, gammaG, and gammaM) and (b) the incidence of pyrexial illnesses over a retrospective five-year period. Male mongols are found to have higher levels of gammaA-globulin than their male controls and a higher incidence of pyrexial illnesses. Otherwise no significant differences were found. The findings are discussed in the light of previous studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Down Syndrome; Female; Fever; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Factors; gamma-Globulins
PubMed: 4182053
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.22.1.76 -
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear... Dec 2004The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved unconjugated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for immunotherapy (IT) of B-cell lymphoma, breast cancer and... (Review)
Review
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved unconjugated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for immunotherapy (IT) of B-cell lymphoma, breast cancer and acute myeloid leukemia. More recently, approval has been given for conjugated ZevalinTM ((90)yttrium ibritumomab tiuxetan, IDEC-Y2B8, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA) and BexxarTM ((131)I-tositumomab, Corixa, Corp., Seattle, WA and GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA) anti-CD20 MAbs for use in radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), thus redefining the standard care of cancer patients. Because of, and despite a lack of basis for concern about allergic reactions due to human antibody responses to these foreign proteins, assays were developed to determine HAGA (human anti-globulin antibody) levels that developed in patient sera following treatment with MAbs. Strategies were also devised to ''humanize'' MAbs and to temporarily block patient immune function with drugs in order to decrease the seroconversion rates, with considerable success. On the other hand, a survival advantage has been observed in some patients who developed a HAGA following treatment. This correlates with development of an anti-idiotype antibody cascade directed toward the MAbs used to treat these patients. What follows is a selective review of HAGA and its effect on cancer treatment over the past 2 decades.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Humans; Neoplasms; Radioimmunotherapy; Serum Globulins
PubMed: 15640788
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine Jun 1963The nature of the antibodies produced by the rabbit during the primary and secondary responses to T(2) phage, proteins, and the O and H antigens of Salmonella typhosa...
The nature of the antibodies produced by the rabbit during the primary and secondary responses to T(2) phage, proteins, and the O and H antigens of Salmonella typhosa has been determined. Immune sera have been fractionated by zone electrophoresis, sucrose density ultracentrifugation, and anion exchange chromatography. The resulting fractions have been assayed by phage neutralization or hemagglutination (antisera to proteins) or bacterial agglutination. In confirmation and extension of earlier work from this laboratory, the primary response to these antigens, with the exception of the O antigen of the Salmonella, included the early synthesis of 19S, gamma-1 globulin antibody, and the later synthesis of 7S, gamma-2 globulin antibody. The primary response to the O antigen consisted of the synthesis of only a macroglobulin agglutinin. The secondary response to the proteins, including the H antigen of the Salmonella, comprised the early synthesis of large amounts of the 7S gamma-2 globulin antibody to the same level attained during the primary response. The secondary response to the phage consisted in the synthesis of 7S, gamma-2 globulin antibody alone. Treatment of the macroglobulin phage-neutralizing antibody with mercaptoethanol resulted in complete loss of its neutralizing activity. A working hypothesis to explain these observations was presented. A salient feature of this hypothesis was the suggestion that different cells synthesized the two distinct molecular forms of antibody. The significance of the sequential synthesis of the two forms of antibody is not known. It was proposed that the system for synthesis of macroglobulin antibody is an auxiliary system for antibody synthesis, perhaps the first to develop phylogenetically and ontogenetically. It is felt that the present observations indicate a clear-cut qualitative distinction between the primary and secondary responses to immunization whereby these responses might be identified in various experimental situations. It is also felt that these findings with the primary and secondary responses to various antigens in the rabbit may be of widespread occurrence in nature among a variety of species.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Antigens; Bacteriophages; Coliphages; Diphtheria Toxoid; Immune Sera; Macroglobulins; Proteins; Rabbits; Salmonella; Salmonella typhi; Serum Albumin; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; gamma-Globulins
PubMed: 13966910
DOI: 10.1084/jem.117.6.889 -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine Dec 19641. Studies of the immune response have been carried out in more than 1700 lampreys representing three stages in the life cycle of these animals. 2. Lampreys used in this...
1. Studies of the immune response have been carried out in more than 1700 lampreys representing three stages in the life cycle of these animals. 2. Lampreys used in this study were unable to clear certain soluble protein antigens and bacteriophage and were unable to make antibodies to these antigens. Hemocyanin was cleared from the circulation. 3. The immune responses demonstrated in lampreys include the production of specific antibody to killed Brucella cells, the rejection of skin homografts, and the development of a delayed allergic response to old tuberculin. 4. A responsive proliferation of lymphoid cells occurred in the protovertebral arch following antigen-adjuvant stimulation. 5. Electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic analysis of lamprey serum revealed gamma globulin. Ultracentrifugal analysis of serum revealed proteins with sedimentation coefficients of 17S, 8S, 7S, and 3S. 6. The antibodies thus far observed in the lamprey are of relatively high molecular weight and destroyed by 2-mercaptoethanol. 7. In the lamprey it would appear that there is reflected the coordinate evolution of a primitive thymus, primitive spleen containing lymphoid foci, a family of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and capacity for gamma globulin synthesis and expression of adaptive immunity.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Antigens; Brucella abortus; Coliphages; Electrophoresis; Hematopoietic System; Histology; Immunization; Immunoelectrophoresis; Lampreys; Physiology, Comparative; Research; Serum Globulins; Skin Transplantation; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous; Vaccination; Vertebrates; gamma-Globulins
PubMed: 14238932
DOI: 10.1084/jem.120.6.1151