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Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2014Solar UV radiation (UVR) exposure is clearly associated with increased mortality from nonmelanoma skin cancer--usually squamous cell carcinoma. However, the association... (Review)
Review
Solar UV radiation (UVR) exposure is clearly associated with increased mortality from nonmelanoma skin cancer--usually squamous cell carcinoma. However, the association with cutaneous melanoma is unclear from the evidence in ecologic studies and several analytic studies have conflicting results regarding the effect of high levels of intermittent UV exposure prior to diagnosis on mortality. Understanding this conundrum is critical to present coherent public health messages and to improve the mortality rates from melanoma.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Epidemiologic Studies; Humans; Melanoma; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Organ Specificity; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Survival Analysis; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin D
PubMed: 25207375
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0437-2_19 -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2021Keratoacanthoma (KA) is an epithelial tumor of the skin, classically considered as having a malignant transformation risk of 15%; however, many authors and the new World...
Keratoacanthoma (KA) is an epithelial tumor of the skin, classically considered as having a malignant transformation risk of 15%; however, many authors and the new World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of skin tumors consider KA as an incipient variant of the cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The aims of the study were to assess the clinical, histopathological (HP) and immunohistochemical (IHC) aspects of the KA and the role of these factors in malignancy occurrence. The studied group comprises 194 patients diagnosed with KA or malignant KA, hospitalized in the Clinic of Dermatology, Emergency County Hospital, Craiova, Romania, between 2006 and 2019. There were 83 males and 111 females, aged 34 to 90 years, 57.21% of the patients being from the rural environment. The histopathology diagnosed 51 KAs and 143 malignant KAs (SCCs). Clinical diagnosis had a limited value in detecting the absence or presence of malignancy in the KA lesion, due to a low accuracy (36.08% and 29.89%, respectively) and specificity (23.07% and 27.02%, respectively); therefore, the HP exam of the surgical excision specimen has a paramount importance in establishing the diagnosis. IHC analysis revealed that the immunostainings for apoptosis-associated proteins and keratinocyte proliferative activity [p53, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)] provide some arguments to differentiate between KA and SCC in the studied cases. The correlation of clinical, HP and IHC data lead to an accurate diagnosis of KA; moreover, the clinical, HP and IHC data sustain the idea that KA is a particular form of well-differentiated SCC, which require an active therapeutic attitude.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Proliferation; Female; Humans; Keratoacanthoma; Male; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 35024732
DOI: 10.47162/RJME.62.2.10 -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Feb 2012Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin, the most common malignancy in individuals of mixed European descent, is increasing in incidence due to an aging population and... (Review)
Review
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin, the most common malignancy in individuals of mixed European descent, is increasing in incidence due to an aging population and sun exposure habits. The realization that aberrant activation of Hedgehog signaling is a pathognomonic feature of BCC development has opened the way for exciting progress toward understanding BCC biology and translation of this knowledge to the clinic. Genetic mouse models closely mimicking human BCCs have provided answers about the tumor cell of origin, and inhibition of Hedgehog signaling is emerging as a potentially useful targeted therapy for patients with advanced or multiple BCCs that have hitherto lacked effective treatment.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Models, Animal; Hedgehog Proteins; Humans; Molecular Biology; Signal Transduction; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 22293184
DOI: 10.1172/JCI58779 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Nov 2013To assess the effects of treatments for non-metastatic invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin using evidence from observational studies, given the paucity of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of treatments for non-metastatic invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin using evidence from observational studies, given the paucity of evidence from randomised controlled trials.
DESIGN
Systematic review of observational studies.
DATA SOURCES
Medline, Embase, to December 2012.
REVIEW METHODS
Observational studies of interventions for primary, non-metastatic, invasive, SCC of the skin that reported recurrence during follow-up, quality of life, initial response to treatment, adverse events, cosmetic appearance, or death from disease. Studies were excluded if data for primary cutaneous SCC was not separable from other data. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis was performed where appropriate using a random effects model to estimate the pooled proportion of an event with 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
118 publications were included, covering seven treatment modalities. Pooled estimates of recurrence of SCCs were lowest after cryotherapy (0.8% (95% confidence interval 0.1% to 2%)) and curettage and electrodesiccation (1.7% (0.5% to 3.4%)), but most treated SCCs were small, low risk lesions. After Mohs micrographic surgery, the pooled estimate of local recurrence during variable follow-up periods from 10 studies was 3.0% (2.2% to 3.9%), which was non-significantly lower than the pooled average local recurrence of 5.4% (2.5% to 9.1%) after standard surgical excision (12 studies), and 6.4% (3.0% to 11.0%) after external radiotherapy (7 studies). After an apparently successful initial response of SCCs to photodynamic therapy, pooled average recurrence of 26.4% (12.3% to 43.7%; 8 studies) was significantly higher than other treatments. Evidence was limited for laser treatment (1 study) and for topical and systemic treatments (mostly single case reports or small non-comparative series with limited follow-up).
CONCLUSIONS
Many observational studies have looked at different treatment modalities for SCC, but the evidence base for the effectiveness of these interventions is poor. Comparison of outcomes after different treatments should be interpreted cautiously owing to biases inherent in the types of study included, and lack of direct comparisons to enable the estimation of relative treatment effect. Further evidence is needed to develop a prognostic model and stratify individuals at high risk of developing SCC, to improve the evidence base for this common cancer and to optimise clinical management.
PROTOCOL REGISTRATION
International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration number CRD42011001450.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 24191270
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f6153 -
Transplant International : Official... May 2019To date 14 human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) have been identified. The newly found HPyVs have not been examined with regard to post-transplant skin carcinogenesis. To...
Occurrence of newly discovered human polyomaviruses in skin of liver transplant recipients and their relation with squamous cell carcinoma in situ and actinic keratosis - a single-center cohort study.
To date 14 human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) have been identified. The newly found HPyVs have not been examined with regard to post-transplant skin carcinogenesis. To determine the occurrences in skin and possible pathological associations of the HPyVs, we studied their genoprevalences in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ or actinic keratosis and benign skin in liver transplant recipients (LiTRs); and of healthy skin in immunocompetent adults. We used highly sensitive and specific HPyV PCRs of two types. Overall, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), human polyomavirus 6 (HPyV6), human polyomavirus 7 (HPyV7), trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus (TSPyV), and Lyon IARC polyomavirus (LIPyV) were found in 58/221 (26.2%) skin biopsies. MCPyV DNA was detected in 5/14 (35.7%) premalignant vs. 32/127 (25.2%) benign skin of LiTRs, and in 12/80 (15%) healthy skin of immunocompetent adults, with no statistically significant difference in viral DNA prevalence or load. TSPyV DNA was found in a single skin lesion. LIPyV, HPyV6 and HPyV7 DNAs occurred exclusively in benign skin. Overall, the viral findings in premalignant versus benign skin were alike. The occurrences of HPyVs in skin of LiTRs and immunocompetent individuals speak against a role for any of the 14 HPyVs in SCC development.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cohort Studies; End Stage Liver Disease; Female; Humans; Keratosis, Actinic; Liver Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Polyomavirus; Polyomavirus Infections; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Tumor Virus Infections
PubMed: 30632206
DOI: 10.1111/tri.13397 -
Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) Oct 2013Focal adhesions (FAs) are large, integrin-containing, multi-protein assemblies spanning the plasma membrane that link the cellular cytoskeleton to surrounding... (Review)
Review
Focal adhesions (FAs) are large, integrin-containing, multi-protein assemblies spanning the plasma membrane that link the cellular cytoskeleton to surrounding extracellular matrix. They play critical roles in adhesion and cell signaling and are major regulators of epithelial homeostasis, tissue response to injury, and tumorigenesis. Most integrin subunits and their associated FA proteins are expressed in skin, and murine genetic models have provided insight into the functional roles of FAs in normal and neoplastic epidermis. Here, we discuss the roles of these proteins in normal epidermal proliferation, adhesion, wound healing, and cancer. While many downstream signaling mechanisms remain unclear, the critically important roles of FAs are highlighted by the development of therapeutics targeting FAs for human cancer.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Epidermis; Focal Adhesions; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Multiprotein Complexes; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 24036537
DOI: 10.4161/cc.26385 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Jul 2022
Topics: Administration, Topical; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Fluorouracil; Humans; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 35819221
DOI: No ID Found -
Science Advances Jan 2021In ultraviolet (UV) radiation-exposed skin, mutations fuel clonal cell growth. The relationship between UV exposure and the accumulation of clonal mutations (CMs) and...
In ultraviolet (UV) radiation-exposed skin, mutations fuel clonal cell growth. The relationship between UV exposure and the accumulation of clonal mutations (CMs) and the correlation between CMs and skin cancer risk are largely unexplored. We characterized 450 individual-matched sun-exposed (SE) and non-SE (NE) normal human skin samples. The number and relative contribution of CMs were significantly different between SE and NE areas. Furthermore, we identified hotspots in , , and where mutations were significantly associated with UV exposure. In the normal skin from patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, we found that the cancer burden was associated with the UV-induced mutations, with the difference mostly conferred by the low-frequency CMs. These findings provide previously unknown information on UV's carcinogenic effect and pave the road for future development of quantitative assessment of subclinical UV damage and skin cancer risk.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Mutation; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 33523857
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7703 -
BMC Cancer Jan 2016With increasing numbers of patients with unresectable locoregionally advanced (LA) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) receiving cetuximab/radiotherapy (RT),...
Asian expert recommendation on management of skin and mucosal effects of radiation, with or without the addition of cetuximab or chemotherapy, in treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
With increasing numbers of patients with unresectable locoregionally advanced (LA) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) receiving cetuximab/radiotherapy (RT), several guidelines on the early detection and management of skin-related toxicities have been developed. Considering the existing management guidelines for these treatment-induced conditions, clinical applicability and standardization of grading methods has remained a cause of concern globally, particularly in Asian countries. In this study, we attempted to collate the literature and clinical experience across Asian countries to compile a practical and implementable set of recommendations for Asian oncologists to manage skin- and mucosa-related toxicities arising from different types of radiation, with or without the addition of cetuximab or chemotherapy. In December 2013, an international panel of experts in the field of head and neck cancer management assembled for an Asia-Pacific head and neck cancer expert panel meeting in China. The compilation of discussion outcomes of this meeting and literature data ultimately led to the development of a set of recommendations for physicians with regards to the approach and management of dermatological conditions arising from RT, chemotherapy/RT and cetuximab/RT, and similarly for the approach and management of mucositis resulting from RT, with or without the addition of chemotherapy or cetuximab. These recommendations helped to adapt guidelines published in the literature or text books into bedside practice, and may also serve as a starting point for developing individual institutional side-effect management protocols with adequate training and education.
Topics: Asia; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cetuximab; China; Combined Modality Therapy; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Mucous Membrane; Radiotherapy; Skin; Skin Diseases; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 26817597
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2073-z -
Photochemistry and Photobiology 2012Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer diagnosed in the United States. Exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiations is believed to be the primary cause for skin... (Review)
Review
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer diagnosed in the United States. Exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiations is believed to be the primary cause for skin cancer. Excessive UV radiation can lead to genetic mutations and damage in the skin's cellular DNA that in turn can lead to skin cancer. Lately, chemoprevention by administering naturally occurring non-toxic dietary compounds has proven to be a potential strategy to prevent the occurrence of tumors. Attention has been drawn toward several natural dietary agents such as resveratrol, one of the major components found in grapes, red wines, berries and peanuts, proanthocyanidins from grape seeds, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea, etc. However, the effect these dietary agents have on the immune system and the immunological mechanisms involved therein are still being explored. In this review, we shall focus on the role of key chemopreventive agents on various immune cells and discuss their potential as antitumor agents with an immunological perspective.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Biological Products; Carcinoma; Catechin; Diet; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Lymphocytes; Melanoma; Proanthocyanidins; Resveratrol; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Stilbenes; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 22372381
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01128.x