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Scientific Reports Nov 2021A video processing algorithm designed to identify cancer suspicious skin areas is presented here. It is based on video recordings of squamous cell carcinoma in the skin....
A video processing algorithm designed to identify cancer suspicious skin areas is presented here. It is based on video recordings of squamous cell carcinoma in the skin. Squamous cell carcinoma is a common malignancy, normally treated by surgical removal. The surgeon should always balance sufficient tissue removal against unnecessary mutilation, and therefore methods for distinction of cancer boundaries are wanted. Squamous cell carcinoma has angiogenesis and increased blood supply. Remote photoplethysmography is an evolving technique for analysis of signal variations in video recordings in order to extract vital signs such as pulsation. We hypothesize that the remote photoplethysmography signal inside the area of a squamous cell carcinoma is significantly different from the surrounding healthy skin. Based on high speed video recordings of 13 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, we have examined temporal signal differences in cancer areas versus healthy skin areas. A significant difference in temporal signal changes between cancer areas and healthy areas was found. Our video processing algorithm showed promising results encouraging further investigation to clarify how detailed distinctions can be made.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Algorithms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Photoplethysmography; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Video Recording
PubMed: 34728637
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00645-4 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2022
Topics: Biopsy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Fingers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Ulcer; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32541126
DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_448_19 -
JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical... Apr 2022Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin is a rare malignant neoplasm showing predilection to the periorbital region. These tumours are indolent and low-grade, with a...
UNLABELLED
Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin is a rare malignant neoplasm showing predilection to the periorbital region. These tumours are indolent and low-grade, with a tendency for local, sometimes multiple, recurrences. Distinguishing between these primary neoplasms and the more frequent metastatic mucinous deposits on the skin from primaries in the breast and gastrointestinal tract constitutes a diagnostic dilemma. In this case report, we have put forth the findings of a 70-year-old male who presented with a slow-growing periorbital swelling and was subsequently diagnosed with mucinous adenocarcinoma. An extensive workup in search of another primary tumour failed to show a primary malignancy elsewhere and the diagnosis of primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the skin was rendered.
KEYWORDS
case reports; mucinous carcinoma; Nepal; sialomucins.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Aged; Humans; Male; Nepal; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 35633213
DOI: 10.31729/jnma.7415 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2019Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer. In immunosuppressed populations it is a source of considerable morbidity and mortality... (Review)
Review
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer. In immunosuppressed populations it is a source of considerable morbidity and mortality due to its enhanced recurrence and metastatic potential. In common with many malignancies, leucocyte populations are both protective against cancer development and also play a role in 'sculpting' the nascent tumor, leading to loss of immunogenicity and tumor progression. UV radiation and chronic viral carriage may represent unique risk factors for cSCC development, and the immune system plays a key role in modulating the response to both. In this review, we discuss the lessons learned from animal and ex vivo human studies of the role of individual leucocyte subpopulations in the development of cutaneous SCC. We then discuss the insights into cSCC immunity gleaned from studies in humans, particularly in populations receiving pharmacological immunosuppression such as transplant recipients. Similar insights in other malignancies have led to exciting and novel immune therapies, which are beginning to emerge into the cSCC clinical arena.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunotherapy; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 31022866
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082009 -
The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical... Jul 2017Malignant changes arising on the previously traumatized or chronically inflamed skin are defined as Marjolin ulcers. They can develop on many different lesions but...
Malignant changes arising on the previously traumatized or chronically inflamed skin are defined as Marjolin ulcers. They can develop on many different lesions but frequently they are detected on burn scars. Histopathologically, Marjolin ulcers are mostly diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and they need special attention when especially located on the lower extremities. In this study, 63 patients treated for Marjolin ulcers between January 2000 and March 2015 were evaluated according to etiology, histological differentiation, primary tumor size, patient age and anatomical localization. Medical records of these patients were reviewed retrospectively. Mean age was 49.7 years. Average interval between the first injury and carcinoma development was 37.9 years. Most frequent etiologic factor was burn scars with 82.5%. Foot was the most frequently affected site with 28.6% and scalp was the second most frequent localization with 25.4%. Squamous cell carcinomas were detected in 88.9% of the patients and basal cell carcinomas were detected in 11.1% of the patients. For treatment, excision and grafting was performed for 48 patients (76.2%), excision and local flaps were used for 10 patients (15.9%) and excision and free flaps were used for five patients (7.9%). Regional lymph node dissection was performed for 12 patients (19%). Average follow up period was 46.5 months. Local recurrences were detected in nine patients (14.3%). In conclusion, Marjolin ulcers are aggressive tumors that require special care. In order to prevent life threatening sequelas of this entity, it is important to know basic aspects of clinical progress, prognostic factors and treatment modalities.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Retrospective Studies; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Ulcer; Young Adult
PubMed: 28738972
DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.04.008 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Oct 2022
Topics: Carcinoma in Situ; Foot; Humans; Lower Extremity; Skin
PubMed: 35545473
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.04.040 -
Head and Neck Pathology Sep 2023This systematic review aimed to conduct a complete investigation of the demographic aspects, clinicopathological features, degrees of epithelial dysplasia, and malignant... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
This systematic review aimed to conduct a complete investigation of the demographic aspects, clinicopathological features, degrees of epithelial dysplasia, and malignant transformation rate of actinic cheilitis.
METHODS
The study was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020201254). A search without year and language restrictions was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature. Studies that provided information on patients with actinic cheilitis were included, excluding those with general information on other diseases or other types of cheilitis. Risk of bias was explored using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Narrative and quantitative data syntheses were performed using meta-analyses and subgroup analyses. Association tests were also performed.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies (728 patients) were included. The most prevalent clinical signs were dryness (99%), blurred demarcation between the lip vermilion and skin (82%), scaling (69%), and atrophy (69%). Regarding epithelial dysplasia, a prevalence of mild dysplasia (34.2%), followed by moderate (27.5%), and severe (14.9%). The malignant transformation rate was 14%. Crusts, ulcerations, and erythematous areas were associated with lip carcinoma (p < 0.001), and scaling was associated with actinic cheilitis (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed several features of actinic cheilitis, providing an overview of the disease. It is suggested that new studies help develop policy guides for the standardization of clinical criteria, enabling more rigorous and homogeneous analysis of actinic cheilitis.
Topics: Humans; Cheilitis; Lip Neoplasms; Skin; Carcinoma in Situ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
PubMed: 36892803
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01543-z -
JAMA Dermatology Jun 2020Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) is known to increase the risk for keratinocyte carcinoma. The extent to which host characteristics, including...
IMPORTANCE
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) is known to increase the risk for keratinocyte carcinoma. The extent to which host characteristics, including pigmentary phenotype and UV radiation exposure, contribute is unknown.
OBJECTIVE
To identify and validate independent risk factors for keratinocyte carcinoma after alloHCT, including those associated with the transplant and the host.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This retrospective cohort study analyzed a consecutive sample of alloHCT recipients from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2014, at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (n = 872) and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio (n = 147). Participants from the Mayo Clinic were randomly allocated (2:1) into discovery (n = 581) and validation (n = 291) cohorts. Time to first keratinocyte carcinoma and information about transplant- and host-associated risk factors were extracted. A multivariate keratinocyte carcinoma risk model was created using a stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model with P ≤ .05 for entry that incorporated all covariates that were individually statistically significant at α = 0.05 in the discovery cohort. The risk model was first internally validated using the Mayo Clinic validation cohort and then externally validated using the independent cohort of alloHCT recipients at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center. Data were analyzed from March 13, 2018, to June 12, 2019.
EXPOSURES
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was time to development of the first cutaneous keratinocyte carcinoma after alloHCT; secondary outcome, time to development of the first individual basal and/or squamous cell carcinoma after alloHCT.
RESULTS
Of the 872 alloHCT recipients identified in the Mayo Clinic cohort (520 men [59.6%]; mean [SD] age, 48.3 [12.6] years), 95 (10.9%) developed keratinocyte carcinoma after alloHCT during 5349 person-years of follow-up. Of the 147 alloHCT recipients in the exernal validation cohort (86 men [58.5%]; mean [SD] age, 47.9 [17.5] years), 18 (12.2%) developed keratinocyte carcinoma after alloHCT in 880 person-years of follow up. Risk factors independently associated with keratinocyte carcinoma after alloHCT included age (hazard ratio [HR] per 10 years, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.21-2.42), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.20-5.09), clinically photodamaged skin (HR, 3.47; 95% CI, 1.87-6.41), and history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.41-5.91). Harrell concordance statistics were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.72-0.90) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.74-0.98) for internal and external validation of the keratinocyte carcinoma risk model, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This study found validated independent risk factors for keratinocyte carcinoma after alloHCT that are enriched with host- compared with transplant-associated risk factors. These findings highlight the importance of assessing host-associated risk factors for keratinocyte carcinoma in patients eligible for alloHCT. Future studies should examine whether keratinocyte carcinoma risk stratification before alloHCT may inform long-term surveillance strategies.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Pigmentation; Transplant Recipients; Transplantation, Homologous; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 32267479
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0559 -
Postepy Higieny I Medycyny... Feb 2016The latest literature report specifies multifactoral etiology of skin cancer in population of patients after organs transplats. Carcirogenic viruses are one of... (Review)
Review
The latest literature report specifies multifactoral etiology of skin cancer in population of patients after organs transplats. Carcirogenic viruses are one of etiopathogenesis components. Viruses of a vital meaning for skin oncogenesis are called Human papillomavirus - HPV, Human herpesvirus 8 - HHV8 i Merkel cell polyomavirus - MCV. Report on connections exisisting between viruses HPV and skin cancers in the population of patients after organs transplants confirms clinical connection between viruses papillas and cancers centres occuring in similar locations and more frequent appearance of attributes characteristic for HPV infection within the limits of changes in the type of Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). What's more, coexisting of viruses papillas and SCC is more often noticed in the population of organ recipients than in the population of healthy people. It is not confirmed yet that any specific correlation between subtypes of HPV and greater frequency of morbidity in skin cancers really exist. However, in the population of organ recipients infections of different types of HPV are found within the limits of cancers centres in the case of SCC (63%) as well as in basal cell carcinoma-BCC (55%). DNA of HPV was also fund in healthy parts of organ recipients skin (92-94%). HHV8 is also an oncogenic viruse that influences the development of lymphoma. Infection of that virus may cause ocuuring of Kaposi's sarkoma, which is one of the most frequent types of cancer appearing in population of patients treating by long-term immunosuppression in particular geographical zones. MCV, which belongs to the group called Polyomaviriade, owes a particular meaning in etiopathogenesis of Merkel cell carcinoma - MCC. It is a rare cancer derived from neuroendocrine cells of the basic layers of epidermie. For over 30 years it was supposed that correlation between viruses and skin cancers in population of organ recipient exist. Knowledge of the total viruses influence on skin cancers allows to widen the spectrum of anti-cancers prevention in the future.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Merkel Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Lymphoma; Merkel cell polyomavirus; Organ Transplantation; Papillomaviridae; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Transplants
PubMed: 26943305
DOI: 10.5604/17322693.1194807 -
Viruses Feb 2020Papillomavirus (PV) mainly infects the squamous epithelium and may potentially lead to benign or even malignant cutaneous lesions. However, the malignant transforming...
Papillomavirus (PV) mainly infects the squamous epithelium and may potentially lead to benign or even malignant cutaneous lesions. However, the malignant transforming ability has been identified in several types of PVs. In humans, papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 18 are the most prevalent causative agents of cervical cancer. Therefore, vaccines are being developed to protect against these types. For dogs, there have been limited investigations into the association of different canine papillomavirus (CPV) genotypes with malignant lesions. Understanding the high-risk CPV genotype(s) responsible for these malignant lesions would contribute to the development of interventions for preventing CPV-induced carcinomas. In the present study, a retrospective cohort of 102 pathologically confirmed papillomas and 212 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) were included. The viral genome and antigens in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were detected using PCR targeting pan PV E1 and COPV L1 genes and by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC), respectively. PVs were successfully detected from 11 FFPE cutaneous tissues and four oral tissues using pan PV E1- and COPV L1-based PCR, respectively. After sequencing, CPV 1, CPV 2, and CPV 6 were detected in the benign lesions using PCR and were confirmed through IHC. While CPV 9 and CPV 15 were first detected in the SCCs of dogs, CPV 16 was most often detected in SCC specimens. The association and confirmative demonstration of viral genes and intralesional antigens of CPV 9, CPV 15, and CPV 16 in SCCs highlight the potential risk of these genotypes of CPVs in malignant transformation.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; DNA, Viral; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Immunohistochemistry; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Paraffin Embedding; Retrospective Studies; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 32028559
DOI: 10.3390/v12020170