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International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2021Neoplasms derived from follicular tissue are extremely rare. Clinically, they are reported as non-symptomatic, slow-growing nodules. These lesions are mainly benign, but... (Review)
Review
Neoplasms derived from follicular tissue are extremely rare. Clinically, they are reported as non-symptomatic, slow-growing nodules. These lesions are mainly benign, but the malignant type can occur. Mainly middle-aged people (50-60 years of age) are affected. These carcinomas are mainly localized on the head and neck or torso. They can be locally aggressive and infiltrate surrounding tissue and metastasize to regional lymph nodes. In the minority of cases, distant metastases are diagnosed. Quick and relevant diagnosis is the basis of a treatment for all types of tumors. The patient's life expectancy depends on multiple prognostic factors, including the primary tumor size and its mitotic count. Patients should be referred to a specialized skin cancer center to receive optimal multidisciplinary treatment. This article tries to summarize all the information that is currently available about pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment methods of follicular tumors.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Disease Management; Humans; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 33946233
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094759 -
Dermatology Online Journal Jan 2020Glomus tumors are benign tumors of the skin. Clinically, these tumors can present as solid, painful subcutaneous nodules, frequently seen on the hand (particularly...
Glomus tumors are benign tumors of the skin. Clinically, these tumors can present as solid, painful subcutaneous nodules, frequently seen on the hand (particularly subungual region). Glomangiomyomas are the least common histological type of glomus tumor. In the literature, there are only a few glomangiomyoma cases of the forearm location. We report a patient with a painful nodule, diagnosed as glomangiomyoma. Surgical excision was performed and no recurrence was observed after 5 years' follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Forearm; Glomus Tumor; Humans; Male; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 32155031
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the South African Veterinary... Sep 2020Accurate diet formulations are required to fulfil the nutrient requirements of birds in order to achieve optimal production. Knowing how the skin, nodule and feather...
Accurate diet formulations are required to fulfil the nutrient requirements of birds in order to achieve optimal production. Knowing how the skin, nodule and feather production characteristics vary with diets of different nutrient densities will help in least-cost modelling. Feather growth and nodule development are factors that were previously neglected in ostrich diet formulation, both of which are essential for the development of a predictive production model. In this trial, 120 birds were placed in 15 pens. Varying energy regimes (high, medium and low) and accompanying protein and amino acid profile levels (level 1-5) were assigned ad libitum to each pen. A randomly selected bird from each pen was slaughtered at 1, 35, 63, 103, 159, 168 and 244 days of age. During the slaughter, each bird was weighed, stunned, exsanguinated, defeathered and eviscerated. Feathers from four regions of the skin were plucked and weighed. The shaft diameter of the wing feathers was measured. The nodule size of the tanned skin was measured for each slaughter age. The data were transformed to natural logarithms and regressed against the total feather weight and the total featherless empty body protein weight to set up allometric growth equations. A prediction equation to determine nodule size of the live bird was proposed. Feed cost optimisation is paramount, and results from this study will aid in setting up least-cost optimisation (simulation) formulation models.
Topics: Animals; Dietary Proteins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Energy Intake; Feathers; Random Allocation; Skin; Struthioniformes
PubMed: 33054248
DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v91i0.2000 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Nov 2016Dermatologic manifestations of leukemia can be both specific and nonspecific (e.g., opportunistic infections, purpura and ecchymosis, Sweet syndrome). Leukemia cutis... (Review)
Review
Dermatologic manifestations of leukemia can be both specific and nonspecific (e.g., opportunistic infections, purpura and ecchymosis, Sweet syndrome). Leukemia cutis refers to the infiltration of the skin with neoplastic leukocytes and its early diagnosis has important prognostic implications. We report on 17 cases of leukemia cutis seen in our department between 1994 and 2014 and describe the characteristics of the patients (age, sex, medical history), the morphology of the lesions, and associations with systemic disease. Most of the patients were male and the most common associated malignancy was acute myeloid leukemia. The most frequent dermatologic manifestations were nodules or erythematous papules on the limbs. We describe our experience with the diagnosis and management of leukemia cutis over a period of 20 years and emphasize the importance of clinical signs in the early diagnosis of this condition.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child, Preschool; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute; Leukemic Infiltration; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Retrospective Studies; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 27210518
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.02.015 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Sep 2021Prurigo nodularis (PN) is an understudied, chronic inflammatory skin disease that disproportionately affects African Americans and presents with intensely pruritic...
Prurigo nodularis (PN) is an understudied, chronic inflammatory skin disease that disproportionately affects African Americans and presents with intensely pruritic nodules of unknown etiology. To better characterize the immune dysregulation in PN, PBMCs and skin biopsies were obtained from patients with PN and healthy subjects (majority African American) matched by age, race, and sex. Flow cytometric analysis of functional T-cell response comparing patients with PN with healthy subjects identified increased γδT cells (CD3CD4CD8γδTCR) and Vδ2 γδT enrichment. Activated T cells demonstrated uniquely increased IL-22 cytokine expression in patients with PN compared with healthy controls. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were identified as the source of increased circulating IL-22. Consistent with these findings, RNA sequencing of lesional PN skin compared with nonlesional PN skin and biopsy site‒matched control skin demonstrated robust upregulation of T helper (Th) 22‒related genes and signaling networks implicated in impaired epidermal differentiation. Th22‒related cytokine upregulation remained significant, with stratifications by race and biopsy site. Importantly, the expression of the IL-22 receptors IL22RA1 and IL22RA2 was significantly elevated in lesional PN skin. These results indicate that both systemic and cutaneous immune responses in patients with PN are skewed toward a Th22/IL-22 profile. PN may benefit from immunomodulatory therapies directed at Th22‒mediated inflammation.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Interleukins; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Middle Aged; Prurigo; Receptors, Interleukin; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Skin; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; Up-Regulation; Interleukin-22
PubMed: 33771530
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.749 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Aug 2019Cutaneous metastases from a distant malignancy are a diagnostic challenge for pathologists. Secondary involvement of the skin by a metastatic process portends a much... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT.—
Cutaneous metastases from a distant malignancy are a diagnostic challenge for pathologists. Secondary involvement of the skin by a metastatic process portends a much worse clinical prognosis than any primary cutaneous malignant mimickers. Immunohistochemical staining methods continue to evolve and are of paramount importance in diagnosis.
OBJECTIVE.—
To review the clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical staining patterns for commonly encountered entities and discuss potential pitfalls in diagnosis. A practical guide useful in approaching cutaneous metastases of unknown primary is outlined.
DATA SOURCES.—
An extensive search and review of literature in PubMed was performed, processed, and condensed.
CONCLUSIONS.—
Cutaneous metastases have broad histopathologic patterns. They are nearly always dermal based, with an overall foreign appearance. They can be single papules/nodules or multiple in number, mimicking an inflammatory or infectious process. Ultimately, immunohistochemistry remains an essential diagnostic tool, and clinical correlation is paramount in the workup of these entities.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary; Pathology, Clinical; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 30605024
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0051-RA -
JAMA Dermatology Sep 2017Although the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) remains enigmatic, several factors point to potential involvement of the cutaneous microbiome. Insight into...
IMPORTANCE
Although the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) remains enigmatic, several factors point to potential involvement of the cutaneous microbiome. Insight into the cutaneous microbiome in HS using next-generation sequencing may provide novel data on the microbiological diversity of the skin.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the follicular skin microbiome in patients with HS and in healthy controls.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This case-control study obtained punch biopsy specimens from patients with HS (lesional and nonlesional) and healthy controls between October 1, 2014, and August 1, 2016. Data were analyzed from March to November 2016. Patients with HS were recruited from the Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark. Biopsy specimens were analyzed at the Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. None of the participants received any antibiotics (systemic or topical therapy) within 1 month before the study. In patients with HS, biopsy specimens were obtained from lesional skin (axilla or groin) and nonlesional skin. Only nodules containing at least 1 visible hair follicle were biopsied. Biopsy specimens from healthy controls were obtained from the axilla only.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The different microbiomes were investigated using next-generation sequencing targeting 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA.
RESULTS
The skin microbiome was characterized in 30 patients with HS (mean [SD] age, 46.9 [14.0] years; 19 [63% female]) and 24 healthy controls (mean [SD] age, 32.2 [12.0] years; 13 [54% female]). The next-generation sequencing data provided a previously unreported (to our knowledge) characterization of the skin microbiome in HS. The study demonstrated that the microbiome in HS differs significantly from that in healthy controls in lesional and nonlesional skin. Overall, the following 5 microbiome types were identified: Corynebacterium species (type I), Acinetobacter and Moraxella species (type II), Staphylococcus epidermidis (type III), Porphyromonas and Peptoniphilus species (type IV), and Propionibacterium acnes (type V). In lesional skin, microbiome types consisted predominantly of type I or type IV. Microbiome type IV was not detected in healthy controls. Several taxa, including Propionibacterium, showed a significantly higher relative abundance in healthy controls vs HS skin, indicating that Propionibacterium may be part of the pathogenesis in HS.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The study findings suggest a link between a dysbiotic cutaneous microbiome and HS.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Case-Control Studies; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Skin
PubMed: 28538949
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.0904 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Sep 2021is missing (Quiz).
is missing (Quiz).
Topics: Humans; Sclerosis; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 34515799
DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3924 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful nodules which suppurate and later develop into scar tissues followed by... (Review)
Review
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful nodules which suppurate and later develop into scar tissues followed by the development of hypodermal tracts. Although the mechanisms behind HS are not fully understood, it is known that dietary factors play important roles in flare frequency and severity. We hypothesize that the high fat diet (HFD) causes dysbiosis, systemic inflammation, and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in susceptible individuals, which subsequently elevate inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). This increase in dysbiosis-led inflammation coupled with a dysregulation of the 1-carbon metabolism results in an increase in matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 along with tissue matrix remodeling in the development and maintenance of the lesions and tracts. This manuscript weaves together the potential roles played by the gut microbiome, HHcy, MMPs, and the 1-carbon metabolism toward HS disease causation in susceptible individuals.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Biomarkers; Diet, High-Fat; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Skin
PubMed: 32973741
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01730 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia Mar 2018Myeloid leukemia cutis is the terminology used for cutaneous manifestations of myeloid leukemia.
BACKGROUND
Myeloid leukemia cutis is the terminology used for cutaneous manifestations of myeloid leukemia.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to study the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of myeloid leukemia cutis.
METHODS
This was a retrospective study of clinical and pathological features of 10 patients with myeloid leukemia cutis.
RESULTS
One patient developed skin lesions before the onset of leukemia, seven patients developed skin infiltration within 4-72 months after the onset of leukemia, and two patients developed skin lesions and systemic leukemia simultaneously. Of these patients, five presented with generalized papules or nodules, and five with localized masses. The biopsy of skin lesions showed a large number of tumor cells within the dermis and subcutaneous fat layer. Immunohistochemical analysis showed strong reactivity to myeloperoxidase (MPO), CD15, CD43 and CD45 (LCA) in most cases. NPM1 (nucleophosmin I) and FLT3-ITD (Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication) mutations were identified in one case. Five patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and one patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia died within two months to one year after the onset of skin lesions.
STUDY LIMITATIONS
This was a retrospective and small sample study.
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with myelogenous leukemia, skin infiltration usually occurs after, but occasionally before, the appearance of hemogram and myelogram abnormalities, and the presence of skin infiltration is often associated with a poor prognosis and short survival time. myeloid leukemia cutis often presents as generalized or localized nodules or masses with characteristic pathological and histochemical findings.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemic Infiltration; Male; Middle Aged; Nucleophosmin; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Sex Factors; Skin; Time Factors
PubMed: 29723350
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20186327