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International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2022Adipokines are a growing group of peptide or protein hormones that play important roles in whole body metabolism and metabolic diseases. Sleep is an integral component... (Review)
Review
Adipokines are a growing group of peptide or protein hormones that play important roles in whole body metabolism and metabolic diseases. Sleep is an integral component of energy metabolism, and sleep disturbance has been implicated in a wide range of metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that adipokines may play a role in mediating the close association between sleep disorders and systemic metabolic derangements. In this review, we briefly summarize a group of selected adipokines and their identified function in metabolism. Moreover, we provide a balanced overview of these adipokines and their roles in sleep physiology and sleep disorders from recent human and animal studies. These studies collectively demonstrate that the functions of adipokine in sleep physiology and disorders could be largely twofold: (1) adipokines have multifaceted roles in sleep physiology and sleep disorders, and (2) sleep disturbance can in turn affect adipokine functions that likely contribute to systemic metabolic derangements.
Topics: Adipokines; Animals; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Sleep; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 35163627
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031706 -
Health Psychology : Official Journal of... Oct 2022Growing longitudinal research has demonstrated that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) precedes and predicts the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and a number of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Growing longitudinal research has demonstrated that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) precedes and predicts the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and a number of physiological (e.g., dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system, chronic systemic inflammation) and behavioral (e.g., physical inactivity, smoking, poor diet) factors might underlie this association. In this narrative review, we focus on sleep as a modifiable risk factor linking PTSD with CVD.
METHOD
We summarize the evidence for sleep disturbance after trauma exposure and the potential cardiotoxic effects of poor sleep, with an emphasis on mechanisms. In addition, we review the literature that has examined sleep in the context of the PTSD-CVD risk relation.
RESULTS
Although sleep disturbance is a hallmark symptom of PTSD and a well-established risk factor for the development of CVD, the role of sleep in the association between PTSD and CVD has been largely unexamined in the extant literature. However, such work has the potential to improve our understanding of mechanisms of risk and inform intervention efforts to offset elevated CVD risk after trauma.
CONCLUSIONS
We outline several recommendations for future research and behavioral medicine models in order to help define and address the role of sleep behavior in the development of CVD among trauma-exposed individuals with PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 35007121
DOI: 10.1037/hea0001143 -
Revista Latino-americana de Enfermagem 2021to determine the prevalence of sleep quality and common mental disorder in Nursing professionals and factors associated with sleep change.
OBJECTIVE
to determine the prevalence of sleep quality and common mental disorder in Nursing professionals and factors associated with sleep change.
METHOD
a cross-sectional, analytical and quantitative study developed with 196 Nursing professionals of a public hospital and a mixed one. Data was collected by means of an instrument of sociodemographic characterization, by the Self-Report Questionnaire 20 and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics to identify possible factors associated with sleep changes.
RESULTS
sleep changes were identified among the Nursing professionals with a frequency of 76.5% (70.4-82.1). Sleep quality was classified as poor in 41.8% (41.8-55.6) and sleep disorder in 27.6%. (21.4-34.2). The prevalence of common mental disorder was identified in 36.7% (30.1-43.9). The main factor for poor sleep quality was the presence of common mental disorder (Odds Ratio: 5.15; p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
sleep changes were prevalent and the characteristics of the work environment and the presence of mental disorder showed relevance in the changes.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Hospitals; Humans; Mental Disorders; Prevalence; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34468620
DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.4280.3444 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Mar 1992The symptom of excessive sleepiness in children and adolescents does not necessarily cause great concern to families and professionals involved in their care. Children...
The symptom of excessive sleepiness in children and adolescents does not necessarily cause great concern to families and professionals involved in their care. Children may deny the symptom and minimise the adverse effects. These factors contribute to an underdiagnosis of narcolepsy in this age group when clinical diagnosis is difficult as associated symptoms may not have appeared or are hard to elicit. In this paper three children whose difficult behaviour contributed to the presentation of their sleep disorder are described.
Topics: Child; Denial, Psychological; Humans; Male; Narcolepsy; Sleep Wake Disorders; Sleep, REM; Social Behavior Disorders
PubMed: 1575553
DOI: 10.1136/adc.67.3.302 -
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine :... Dec 2022Trauma associated sleep disorder is a proposed parasomnia that develops after trauma with clinical features of trauma related nightmares, disruptive nocturnal behaviors,...
STUDY OBJECTIVES
Trauma associated sleep disorder is a proposed parasomnia that develops after trauma with clinical features of trauma related nightmares, disruptive nocturnal behaviors, and autonomic disturbances. The purpose of this case series is to better characterize the clinical and video-polysomnographic features of patients meeting clinical criteria for this proposed parasomnia.
METHODS
Semistructured clinical interview and detailed video-polysomnography review of 40 patients. Movements and vocalizations in rapid eye movement sleep were quantified according to the rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder severity scale.
RESULTS
Patients (n = 40, 32 males) were service members and veterans with a median age of 38.9 years (range 24-57 years) who reported trauma related nightmares and disruptive nocturnal behaviors at home. On video-polysomnography, 28 (71.8%) patients had disruptive nocturnal behaviors in rapid eye movement sleep consisting of limb, head, and axial movements; vocalizations were present in 8 (20%). On the rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder severity scale, most (n = 28, 71.8%) had a low rating but those with greater severity (n = 11, 28.2%) had a higher prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder ( = .013) and markedly less N3 sleep ( = .002). The cohort had a high rate of insomnia (n = 35, 87.5%) and obstructive sleep apnea (n = 19, 47.5%). Most patients were treated with prazosin (n = 29, 72.5%) with concomitant behavioral health interventions (n = 25, 64.1%); 15 (51.7%) patients receiving prazosin reported improved symptomatology.
CONCLUSIONS
Disruptive nocturnal behaviors can be captured on video-polysomnography during rapid eye movement sleep, although they may be less pronounced than what patients report in their habitual sleeping environment. Clinical and video-polysomnographic correlations are invaluable in assessing patients with trauma associated sleep disorder to document objective abnormalities. This case series provides a further basis for establishing trauma associated sleep disorder as a unique parasomnia.
CITATION
Brock MS, Matsangas P, Creamer JL, et al. Clinical and polysomnographic features of trauma associated sleep disorder. . 2022;18(12):2775-2784.
Topics: Male; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Dreams; Sleep Wake Disorders; Parasomnias; Prazosin
PubMed: 35962771
DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10214 -
British Medical Journal Aug 1968
Topics: Adult; Child, Preschool; Dreams; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 5666801
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicina 2019The development and establishment of the normal sleep patterns are very important processes in the final anatomical and physiological architecture of the central nervous... (Review)
Review
The development and establishment of the normal sleep patterns are very important processes in the final anatomical and physiological architecture of the central nervous system. The relationship between sleep disturbances during childhood with neurodevelopmental disorders is complex and potentially synergistic. Sleep patterns are present since the fetal period but their structure and physiology is modified according with the maturation of the central nervous system. Sleep disorders and their relationship with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders(ADHD), autism spectrum disorders(ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders (TDN) are not well understood yet, but significant progresses have been made in understanding associations and potential etiological correlations. We reviewed sleep disturbances in NDT, in ADHD and in ASD. A greater understanding of the pleiotropic functions of the genes involved in sleepwake cycle disorders and deviations from neurological developme nt could lead to new diagnostic and therapeut ic strategies in an early stage in order to improve the quality of life of the patient, relatives and caregivers.
Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child, Preschool; Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 31603841
DOI: No ID Found -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023Sleep scoring involves the inspection of multimodal recordings of sleep data to detect potential sleep disorders. Given that symptoms of sleep disorders may be...
Sleep scoring involves the inspection of multimodal recordings of sleep data to detect potential sleep disorders. Given that symptoms of sleep disorders may be correlated with specific sleep stages, the diagnosis is typically supported by the simultaneous identification of a sleep stage and a sleep disorder. This paper investigates the automatic recognition of sleep stages and disorders from multimodal sensory data (EEG, ECG, and EMG). We propose a new distributed multimodal and multilabel decision-making system (MML-DMS). It comprises several interconnected classifier modules, including deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and shallow perceptron neural networks (NNs). Each module works with a different data modality and data label. The flow of information between the MML-DMS modules provides the final identification of the sleep stage and sleep disorder. We show that the fused multilabel and multimodal method improves the diagnostic performance compared to single-label and single-modality approaches. We tested the proposed MML-DMS on the PhysioNet CAP Sleep Database, with VGG16 CNN structures, achieving an average classification accuracy of 94.34% and F1 score of 0.92 for sleep stage detection (six stages) and an average classification accuracy of 99.09% and F1 score of 0.99 for sleep disorder detection (eight disorders). A comparison with related studies indicates that the proposed approach significantly improves upon the existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Topics: Humans; Deep Learning; Electroencephalography; Sleep; Sleep Stages; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 37050528
DOI: 10.3390/s23073468 -
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine :... Apr 2021Restless sleep is a very common parental complaint in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but restless sleep has been seen in association with...
STUDY OBJECTIVES
Restless sleep is a very common parental complaint in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but restless sleep has been seen in association with other comorbidities such as restless legs syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea. Restless sleep disorder (RSD) needs to be identified from other disorders when evaluating children with ADHD. In this study we aim to identify the prevalence of RSD in children with ADHD referred to our sleep center.
METHODS
This is a retrospective study of children with ADHD who underwent polysomnography. The following diagnostic and descriptive data were obtained for each patient: age, sex, presence/absence of RSD, other sleep disorders, psychiatric comorbidities, and medications. RSD was diagnosed per diagnostic criteria.
RESULTS
There were 66 children with ADHD. All of them underwent polysomnography, 17 were females, and 49 were males. Mean age was 11.6 years (± 3.6 standard deviation). The complaint of restless sleep was reported by the parents of 54 (81.1%) of the children; however, only 6 of them (9.1%) were diagnosed with RSD. Seventy-one percent had obstructive sleep apnea and 19.7% had restless legs syndrome. A significant number of patients had psychiatric comorbidities and were on various medications.
CONCLUSIONS
Although restless sleep is a common complaint reported in 81.1% of children with ADHD, only 9.1% had RSD. Most causes of restless sleep are secondary and associated with other sleep disorders, psychiatric comorbidities, or medication use.
Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Polysomnography; Restless Legs Syndrome; Retrospective Studies; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 33155540
DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8984 -
Missouri Medicine 2017Sleep disorders are prevalent in Parkinson disease (PD), a disease with well recognized motor dysfunction. Sleep related problems received little attention until the...
Sleep disorders are prevalent in Parkinson disease (PD), a disease with well recognized motor dysfunction. Sleep related problems received little attention until the last three decades. Sleep disorders seen in PD patients include insomnia, excessive sleepiness, restless legs syndrome, REM sleep behavior disorder. Some of these can have significant impact and lower the quality of life in these patients. An understanding of sleep issues in PD can help identify them early and result in optimal management.
Topics: Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Female; Humans; Male; Motor Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Prevalence; Quality of Life; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Restless Legs Syndrome; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 30228640
DOI: No ID Found